The Velvet Underground (album)

Cale was fired from the group in September 1968, and Yule was brought in as a bassist. Yule was discovered by Morrison through the band's road manager Hans Onsager.[2] Weeks after Yule joined the Velvet Underground, they began recording their third album.[3] Lou Reed, the band's principal songwriter, believed that the band should not "make another White Light/White Heat. I thought it would be a terrible mistake, and I really believed that. I thought we had to demonstrate the other side of us. Otherwise, we would become this one-dimensional thing, and that had to be avoided at all costs."[4]

According to Morrison, earlier in 1968 a majority of the band's equipment got stolen at JFK International Airport which influenced the album's sound. However, Yule rejects this claim, explaining that he has no recollection of such an event, clarifying that the band was simply playing more melodically—Tucker also says this. Reed during this time had a growing taste for soothing music; in an interview with Lester Bangs he singled out tracks "Jesus" and "Candy Says", declaring the latter "probably the best song I've written ..."[3] Reed considered White Light/White Heat to be as far as the band could go with such production and additionally called each album the band made a chapter.[1] They started recording after touring in the West Coast and band manager Steve Sesnick obtained studio time at a short notice, so the band had provided little time to prepare.[5] At the time, Reed was managing relationships between his girlfriend Shelley Albin and Name, which influenced his songwriting.[6]

The Velvet Underground was recorded during November and through December 1968 at TTG Studios in Los Angeles. The band stayed at the hotel Chateau Marmont and toured frequently while recording.[3] They wrote and rehearsed at the hotel in the afternoon, recording songs at night.[7] Reed and Morrison played 12-string guitars from Fender.[3][7] Morale in the studio was generally high—Yule said that recording the album "was a lot of fun. The sessions were constructive and happy and creative, everybody was working together".[4] According to Yule, it took "a couple of weeks for the basic tracks", additionally describing it as a "studio live album". Reed intentionally tried to get Yule in the spotlight of it, and the band members suspected that this might have inflated his ego. Generally, the sessions had a happy atmosphere;[8] Tucker said that she "was pleased with the direction we were going and with the new calmness in the group, and thinking about a good future, hoping people would smarten up and some record company would take us on and do us justice."[4]

"The Murder Mystery" includes all four members' voices. Yule states that the song was recorded in an MGM studio on Sixth Avenue in New York, though this contradicts the record's liner notes.[3] The album's closing song, "After Hours", has a rare solo lead vocal by Tucker, requested by Reed as he felt the sweet, innocent quality of her voice fit the song's mood better than his own.[9] Tucker was nervous while recording the track, and after eight takes made everyone leave except herself, Reed, and Valentin. After she finished her take, she said that she wouldn't sing it live unless someone requested it. Reed recorded multiple guitar solos for "What Goes On"; when Valentin commented on how they were running out of track space, the band ultimately decided to keep all of them,[3] as Reed could not decide which one sounded better.[10] When Reed did his own mix for the album—which drowned out other backing parts except his vocals—Morrison and Tucker were annoyed.[7] Morrison described the final product as "anti-production".[10]

The restraint and subtlety of the album was a significant departure from the direct abrasiveness of White Light/White Heat.[11][12] It reduced their previous effort's explicit sexual references, horror, and references to drugs, replacing those with discussions of religion, love, and loneliness.[8] Music critic Greg Kot of the Chicago Tribune characterized it as folk rock,[13] and Rolling Stone magazine's Troy Carpenter said that it focused on mellow, melodic rock.[11] According to music journalist Steve Taylor, The Velvet Underground is a pop album because of its more accessible songs and "has been called Lou Reed with a backing band due to the emphasis placed on songs rather than experimental sound work."[14] Biographer Richie Unterberger commented on its dramatic shift in sound: "Having made perhaps the loudest album of all time, it's almost as if they've now decided to make the world's quietest LP."[3] Reed said that all of the songs on the album were in order and complement each other, elaborating in an interview with Howard Smith:[1]

There were certain questions stated in the opening song ... and then it was delineated, you know, through various phases. ... it ended with 'Jesus,' saying now help me do this, man. ... And then after you went through all ... from here to here, which is like what an average person goes through, you're faced with like 'The Murder Mystery,' which is a total reversal of everything. Because you shouldn't be faced with that, but you were.

Just like on the other albums ... people didn't catch [the track order]. And on this one, I felt it was obvious. But maybe it wasn't. ... And finally he sums up, he says, 'That's the Story of My Life.' But then he was faced with something else, which is once you get past you, you got you solved, so that you don't exist ... But what really is going on outside you is 'The Murder Mystery ... then after that, it was just kind of, well, 'After Hours.' What could you say after 'The Murder Mystery'? Except that 'you close the door, the night could last forever.' Which is true.

Reed considered each song to be impersonal "little plays".[3] Apart from the forceful rockers "What Goes On" and "Beginning to See the Light", the album contains reflective, melodic songs that are about various forms of love,[12] such as "Pale Blue Eyes", "Some Kinda Love", "Jesus", "I'm Set Free" and "That's the Story of My Life". Reed and Morrison's twin-guitar playing became the band's most prominent sound,[12] and the album had spare arrangements that lacked distortion. The only song that exhibited the band's avant-garde roots is "The Murder Mystery".[12] The song took two sessions to record, and its poem was later included in The Paris Review.[10]

The cover was taken by Billy Name, photographer and archivist of Warhol's Factory,[24] featuring the band sitting sedately on a couch at The Factory. Name was paid 300 dollars for the photograph, which was the most he had been paid at the time for a picture.[1] Yule and Tucker are looking at Reed, and Morrison is looking away—according to Tucker, this is because Reed was talking about the magazine cover.[19] The back cover is a picture of Reed smoking, divided in two halves with one of them upside down, both only showing the left side of his face. Each side includes the track listing and credits for the record, which are also upside down in that part of the picture.[1] Reed held an issue of Harper's Bazaar which was airbrushed out.[8] The cover artwork led to the record being dubbed "The Grey Album".[23]

The full-page advertisement that MGM used for promotion of "What Goes On"

The release date of the band's "third album" was given in a November 1968 article in Los Angeles Free Press as January 1969;[25] the full album was previewed by Danish magazine Superlove in January 1969. Phil Morris of MGM told Record World on February 22, 1969, that the album was ready for release. When the album was released in March 1969, the songwriting credits listed the entire band as its composer, even though Reed wrote all of its songs. Later releases would instead label Reed as the sole composer. The band switched from Verve Records to parent label MGM for unknown reasons—Sesnick says that the rock division of Verve was close to closing, while Morrison says that this simply was "an administrative change".[1] Ultimately, the decision to move to MGM was Sesnick's.[19]

Two mixes of the album were released. The initial mix is Reed's which boosts his vocals and lowers its instruments, which was the first mix sold in the United States. Morrison noted that it sounds like it was recorded in a closet, which led to its label as the "closet mix". Valentin produced a more conventional mix, which Yule would later say he was unaware of.[1] The more widely distributed mix is the one credited to Valentin,[8] which was distributed throughout Europe.[18] The two versions use entirely different performances of "Some Kinda Love", both taken from the same recording sessions. The closet mix was chosen for inclusion in the box set Peel Slowly and See.[21]

While Onsager didn't plan on touring until after two commercially successful singles were released, their touring schedule remained nearly uninterrupted, and only one unsuccessful single was released. "What Goes On" was released in March 1969, with "Jesus" as its B side. MGM promoted it in a full-page advertisement in Cashbox but its distribution was heavily limited. The album suffered from lack of promotion, though a radio ad was used for WNEW-FM in New York, and MGM also listed advertisements in publications such as Rolling Stone, Creem, and the Village Voice. Ultimately it failed to chart on the Billboard Top LPs chart, the band's first record to do so. Tucker attributed it to lack of promotion, while Yule noted how the album was ultimately not mainstream.[1] Due to its failure to chart, MGM was not planning on releasing another album from the band.[18]

Contemporary professional ratings

Review scores
Source	Rating
The Village Voice	A[26]
Record Mirror

Unterberger noted how The Velvet Underground sounded far more commercial than any of the band's previous albums and labeled it as the point where critical reception of the band became more positive.[1] Despite this, however, the album failed to chart, and was less successful than the group's previous two.[10] Reviewing the album for The Village Voice in 1969, Robert Christgau viewed it as the band's best work and found it tuneful, well written, and exceptionally sung, despite "another bummer experiment" in "The Murder Mystery" which he referred to as "some stereo mystery".[26] In his ballot for Jazz & Pop magazine's annual critics poll, Christgau ranked it as the sixth best album of the year.[27] He later included it in his "Basic Record Library" of 1950s and 1960s recordings, published in Christgau's Record Guide: Rock Albums of the Seventies (1981).[28]

Lester Bangs, writing in Rolling Stone magazine, felt that it is not on-par with White Light/White Heat and has missteps with "The Murder Mystery" and "Pale Blue Eyes", but ultimately said that its combination of powerfully expressive music and profoundly sentimental lyrics will persuade the band's detractors into believing they can "write and play any kind of music they want to with equal brilliance."[29] Paul Williams of Crawdaddy declared that "everybody loves" the band's new release and labeled it his personal favorite since Forever Changes by Love. Bob Stark for Creem observed how it was "as 'far out' as either of the two [previous albums]". Lenny Kaye reviewed the record for Jazz & Pop, labeling it "almost lyrical in its beauty." Other newspapers such as Chicago Seed, Record World, Cashbox, and the more mainstream Variety praised the album, with the latter stating that it is "an important contribution to the lyrical advancement of rock". Adrian Ribolla of Oz, however, lamented that the "Velvet Underground don't really sound together on this album". Additionally, Broadside from Massachusetts longed for the older sound of the band.[1] Melody Maker, while praising the album, simultaneously dismissed bit by commenting it is "not sensational, but interesting". Retrospectively in October 1969, Richard Williams of the same magazine elaborated that "the old cruelty was still there", labeling the old Melody Maker review as erroneous and hailing the band's first three albums as "a body of work which is easily as impressive as any in rock".[30]

Retrospective professional ratings

Aggregate scores
Source	Rating
Metacritic	98/100 (super deluxe)[31]
Review scores
Source	Rating
AllMusic	[32]
Blender	[33]
Chicago Tribune	[13]
Encyclopedia of Popular Music	[34]
Pitchfork	10/10[35]
Q	[36]
Rolling Stone	[37]
The Rolling Stone Album Guide	[38]
Spin Alternative Record Guide	10/10[39]

The Velvet Underground did not impact the Billboard 200 until its 1985 reissue, when it reached No. 197.[40] According to Billboard in 2013, The Velvet Underground has sold 201,000 copies since 1991, when Nielsen SoundScan began tracking record sales.[40]

In a review of the album's 1985 reissue, Rolling Stone's David Fricke remarked that both The Velvet Underground and its predecessor lack the diverse range of the band's 1967 debut album and the precise accessibility of Loaded (1970). However, he felt that the album is still edifying as a tender, subtly broad song cycle whose stark production surprisingly reveals the essence of Reed's more expressive songwriting. Fricke cited the "ironic pairing" of "Pale Blue Eyes" and "Jesus" as the best summary of "the hopeful warmth at the center of the Velvets' rage."[37]

Professional reviewers hailed the album's subdued production. Colin Larkin, writing in The Encyclopedia of Popular Music (1998), said that the album showcased a new subtlety because of Reed's larger role in the band and that it "unveiled a pastoral approach, gentler and more subdued, retaining the chilling, disquieting aura of previous releases."[41] In The Rolling Stone Album Guide (2004), Rob Sheffield wrote that after Cale's departure, the band became "acoustic folkie balladeers" and that Reed was unexpectedly charming on the album, whose "every song is a classic".[38] Q magazine called the album "a flickering, unforgettable band performance".[36] Sputnikmusic's Nick Butler felt that, although it is not as good as the band's debut album, The Velvet Underground is "still a brilliant album."[42] Greg Kot of the Chicago Tribune highlighted Reed's subdued contribution to the record, summarizing it as "for the first time without John Cale, [Reed] creates quiet, impossibly beautiful folk-rock."[13] Mark Deming for AllMusic wrote that the songs on the record are the most personal and moving that the band had recorded.[32] Brian Eno declared it his favorite album from the band.[1]

Along with the group's first three albums, The Velvet Underground received a reissue in 1985.[3][53] These reissues were unexpectedly successful, which lead to further releases under PolyGram such as Another View. The album was included in the box set Peel Slowly and See,[53] and would later be reissued as a Super Deluxe edition for its 45th Anniversary, including mono versions of tracks, demos, and live performances.[35]

All tracks written by Lou Reed. Running times listed are for the Valentin mix; disc one of the 45th Anniversary Super Deluxe Edition is the Valentin mix.

The Velvet Underground

• Lou Reed – lead and rhythm guitar; piano; lead vocals except where noted, verse co-vocals on "The Murder Mystery"
• Doug Yule – bass guitar; organ; lead vocals on "Candy Says"; chorus co-vocals on "Jesus" and "The Murder Mystery"; backing vocals
• Sterling Morrison – rhythm and lead guitar; verse co-vocals on "The Murder Mystery"; backing vocals
• Maureen Tucker – percussion; lead vocals on "After Hours"; chorus co-vocals on "The Murder Mystery", backing vocals

• Mauro, J-P (April 13, 2018). "The Velvet Underground's earnest prayer: "Jesus"". Aleteia.

• The Velvet Underground at Discogs (list of releases)