Arleigh Burke-class destroyer

The Arleigh Burke class of guided-missile destroyers (DDGs) is a United States Navy class of destroyer built around the Aegis Combat System and the SPY-1D multi-function passive electronically scanned array radar. The class is named for Admiral Arleigh Burke, an American destroyer officer in World War II and later Chief of Naval Operations. The lead ship, USS Arleigh Burke, was commissioned during Admiral Burke's lifetime.

USS Arleigh Burke in the Chesapeake Bay in 2013
Class overview
NameArleigh Burke class
Builders
  • Ingalls Shipbuilding
  • Bath Iron Works
Operators United States Navy
Preceded by
  • Kidd class
  • Spruance class
Succeeded by
CostUS$1.843 billion per ship (DDG 114–116, FY2011/12)[1]
Built1988–present
In commission1991–present
Planned89
On order12
Building7
Completed70
Active70
Retired0
Preserved0
General characteristics
TypeGuided-missile destroyer
Displacement
  • Fully loaded:
  • Flight I: 8,184 long tons (8,315 t)
  • Flight II: 8,300 long tons (8,400 t)
  • Flight IIA: 9,300 long tons (9,500 t)[2]
  • Flight III: 9,500 long tons (9,700 t)[3]
Length
  • Flights I and II: 505 ft (154 m)
  • Flight IIA: 509 ft (155 m)
  • Flight III: 510 ft (155 m)
Beam66 ft (20 m)
Draft30.5 ft (9.3 m)
Installed power3 × Allison AG9140 Generators (2,500 kW (3,400 hp) each, 440 V)
Propulsion
  • 4 × General Electric LM2500 gas turbines each generating 26,250 bhp (19,570 kW);[4]
  • coupled to two shafts, each driving a five-bladed reversible controllable-pitch propeller;
  • Total output: 105,000 bhp (78,000 kW)
SpeedIn excess of 30 kn (56 km/h; 35 mph)
Range4,400 nmi (8,100 km) at 20 kn (37 km/h; 23 mph)
Boats & landing
craft carried		2 × rigid hull inflatable boats
Complement
  • Flight I: 303 total[5]
  • Flight IIA: 23 officers, 300 enlisted[5]
Sensors and
processing systems
  • AN/SPY-1D PESA 3D radar (Flight I, II, IIA)
  • AN/SPY-6 AESA 3D radar (Flight III)
  • AN/SPS-67(V)3 or (V)5 surface search radar (DDG-51 – DDG-118)
  • AN/SPQ-9B surface search and fire-control radar (DDG-119 onwards)
  • AN/SPS-73(V)12 surface search/navigation radar (DDG-51 – DDG-86)
  • BridgeMaster E surface search/navigation radar (DDG-87 onwards)
  • 3 × AN/SPG-62 fire-control radar
  • Mk 46 Mod 1 optical sight system (Flight I, II, IIA)
  • Mk 20 Mod 1 electro-optical sight system (Flight III)
  • AN/SQQ-89 ASW combat system, consisting of:
    • AN/SQS-53C sonar array
    • AN/SQR-19 tactical towed array sonar (Flight I, II)
    • TB-37U multi-function towed array sonar (DDG-113 onwards)
    • AN/SQQ-28 LAMPS III shipboard system
Electronic warfare
& decoys
  • AN/SLQ-32 Electronic Warfare Suites
  • AN/SLQ-25 Nixie Torpedo Countermeasures
  • MK 36 Mod 12 Decoy Launching Systems
  • MK 53 Nulka Decoy Launching Systems
  • AN/SLQ-49 Chaff Buoys
Armament
  • Guns:
  • DDG-51 to 80: 1 × 5-inch (127 mm)/54 Mk 45 Mod 1/2 (lightweight gun)
  • DDG-81 onwards: 1 × 5-inch (127 mm)/62 Mk 45 Mod 4 (lightweight gun)
  • DDG-51 to 84: 2 × 20 mm Phalanx CIWS
  • DDG-85 onwards: 1 × 20 mm Phalanx CIWS
  • 2 × 25 mm Mk 38 Machine Gun System
  • Missiles:
  • 2 × Mk 141 Harpoon Anti-Ship Missile Launcher (Flight I & II only)[6]
  • Flights I & II: 90-cell Mk 41 Vertical Launching System (VLS)
  • Flight IIA onwards: 96-cell Mk 41 Vertical Launching System (VLS)
    • RIM-66M Surface-to-Air Missile
    • RIM-156 Surface-to-Air Missile
    • RIM-174A Standard ERAM
    • RIM-161 Anti-Ballistic Missile
    • RIM-162 ESSM quad-packed configuration (DDG-79 onwards)
    • BGM-109 Tomahawk Land Attack Missile
    • RUM-139 Vertical Launch ASROC
  • Torpedoes:
  • 2 × Mark 32 triple torpedo tubes:
    • Mark 46 Lightweight Torpedo
    • Mark 50 Lightweight Torpedo
    • Mark 54 Lightweight Torpedo
Armor70 tons of Kevlar splinter protection around vital areas[7]
Aircraft carried
Aviation facilities
  • Flights I and II: Flight deck only, but LAMPS III electronics installed on landing deck for coordinated DDG-51/helo ASW operations
  • Flight IIA onwards: Flight deck and enclosed hangars for two MH-60R LAMPS III helicopters

These warships were designed as multi-mission destroyers,[5] able to fulfill the strategic land strike role with Tomahawk missiles; anti-aircraft warfare (AAW) role with powerful Aegis radar and surface-to-air missiles; anti-submarine warfare (ASW) with towed array sonar, anti-submarine rockets, and ASW helicopters; and anti-surface warfare (ASuW) with Harpoon missiles. With upgrades to their AN/SPY-1 phased radar systems and their associated missile payloads as part of the Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense System, the ships of this class have also demonstrated promise as mobile anti-ballistic missile and anti-satellite weaponry platforms, operating on 15 ships as of March 2009.[8] Later versions of the class no longer have the Harpoon missile launchers, and some ships of the class do not have towed array sonar. Their hull and superstructure were designed to have a reduced radar cross-section.[9]

The first ship of the class was commissioned on 4 July 1991. With the decommissioning of the last Spruance-class destroyer, USS Cushing, on 21 September 2005, the Arleigh Burke-class ships became the U.S. Navy's only active destroyers until the Zumwalt class became active in 2016. The Arleigh Burke-class has the longest production run for any post-World War II U.S. Navy surface combatant.[10] Of the first 75 vessels of this class (comprising 21 of Flight I, 7 of Flight II, 34 of Flight IIA, 3 of Flight IIA Restart, and 10 of Flight IIA Technology Insertion), 70 are in service as of May 2022. Currently, 14 of the Flight III have been ordered, but another 28 have been envisioned, bringing a total of 42 for that Flight and an overall total of 117 ships for the class.

With an overall length of 505 to 509.5 feet (153.9 to 155.3 m), displacement ranging from 8,230 to 9,700 tons, and weaponry including over 90 missiles, the Arleigh Burke class are larger and more heavily armed than most previous ships classified as guided-missile cruisers.[3][11]

Characteristics

Variants

The Arleigh Burke-class destroyers have four separate variants, referred to as "Flights".

  • DDGs 51-71 represent the original design and are designated as Flight I.
  • DDGs 72-78 are Flight II ships.
  • DDGs 79-124 and DDG-127 are Flight IIA ships.
  • DDGs 125-126, DDG-128, and later ships are Flight III.[12]

Structure
USS Cole and two other Arleigh Burke-class destroyers docked at Naval Station Norfolk in July 2009

The Arleigh Burke-class ships are among the largest destroyers built in the United States. Only the Spruance, Kidd (563 ft or 172 m), and Zumwalt classes (600 ft or 180 m) are longer. The larger Ticonderoga-class ships were constructed on Spruance-class hull forms, but they are designated as cruisers due to their different mission and weapons systems compared to the Spruance and Kidd-class destroyers. The Arleigh Burke class was designed with a new large, water-plane area-hull form characterized by a wide flaring bow, which significantly improves seakeeping ability and permits high speed in high sea states.[9]

Flight I ship USS Fitzgerald with TACTAS (tactical towed array sonar) in the center of the fantail, Harpoon missile launchers, distinctive stacks, and no helicopter hangars

Its designers incorporated lessons from the Ticonderoga-class ships, which were deemed too expensive to continue building and difficult to upgrade further. For these destroyers, the U.S. Navy also returned to all-steel construction. An earlier generation had combined a steel hull with a superstructure made of lighter aluminum to reduce top weight, but the lighter metal proved vulnerable to cracking. Aluminum is also less fire-resistant than steel;[13] a 1975 fire aboard USS Belknap gutted her aluminum superstructure.[14] Battle damage to Royal Navy ships exacerbated by their aluminum superstructures during the 1982 Falklands War supported the decision to use steel. Other lessons from the Falklands War led to the Navy's decision to protect the Arleigh Burke class's vital spaces with double-spaced steel layers (creating a buffer against AShMs) and Kevlar spall liners.[7]

The class's design incorporates stealth techniques, such as the angled—rather than traditional vertical—surfaces and the tripod mainmast,[15][16] which make the ship more difficult to detect by radar. Starting with USS Mustin (DDG-89), the exhaust funnels are shrouded to minimize their radar and infrared signature further.

Flight IIA ship USS Mustin without TACTAS in the center of the fantail and no Harpoon launchers, but with helicopter hangars and new exhaust stacks design

Passive defenses

Each Arleigh Burke destroyer carries two AN/SLQ-32 electronic warfare suites—one on each side—that provide passive detection and intelligence.[9] Some ships are equipped with the SQL-32(V)2 variant, some have the (V)3 variant, and the newest have (V)6. Vessels with the (V)3 or (V)6 variant have an additional capability to actively jam targeting and AShM guidance radar.[17] Arleigh Burkes have expendable flare, chaff, and Nulka decoys for foiling incoming anti-ship missiles. For defeating incoming torpedoes, the class features Nixie countermeasures.

A Collective Protection System makes the Arleigh Burke class the first U.S. warships designed with an air-filtration system against nuclear, biological, and chemical warfare (NBC).[18] Other NBC defenses include air-locked hatches, pressurized compartments,[7] and an external "countermeasure wash down system".[19]

Starboard side of USS Momsen, with torpedo tubes mounted on aft missile deck rather than earlier amidships mounting, and superstructure changes to accommodate a Remote Minehunting System (RMS) holding bay

Weapon systems

The Arleigh Burke class is a set of multi-mission ships with numerous combat systems, including a "combination of... an advanced anti-submarine warfare system (ASW), land attack cruise missiles, ship-to-ship missiles, and advanced anti-aircraft missiles".[7] An onboard dual-purpose 5-inch gun can engage ships, land targets, aircraft, and missiles.[20][21] The Arleigh Burke-class destroyer is equipped with the Aegis Combat System, which combines information from the ship's sensors to display a coherent image of the environment and guides weapons to targets using advanced tracking and fire control.[22]

Their SPY radars differ from traditional rotating radars that mechanically rotate 360 degrees for each sweep scan of the airspace. Instead, Aegis uses the AN/SPY-1D passive electronically scanned array (or the AN/SPY-6 active electronically scanned array on Flight III ships), which allows continual tracking of targets simultaneous to real-time area scans. The system's computer control also allows centralization of the previously separate tracking and targeting functions. The system is also resistant to electronic countermeasures.[23][22]

The Standard Missile SM-2MR/ER and SM-6 provide area air defense, though they may also be used in a secondary ASuW role.[24] The SM-2 uses semi-active radar homing, meaning that up to 3 targets may be simultaneously intercepted since the Arleigh Burkes have three AN/SPG-62 fire-control radars for terminal target illumination.[25] The SM-6, which provides over-the-horizon missile defense,[26] uses active radar homing; it does not have to rely on external illumination, so more targets could theoretically be intercepted simultaneously.[27]

Flight IIA and III destroyers carry RIM-162 Evolved SeaSparrow Missiles, which provide medium-range defense against missiles and aircraft up to a range of about 27 nmi and are small enough to be quad-packed into a single Mk 41 VLS cell. They are also capable of targeting other ships. ESSM Block 1 uses semi-active radar homing, guided similarly to the SM-2. The new ESSM Block 2, among other improvements, features active radar homing like the SM-6, and it was scheduled for Initial Operating Capability (IOC) in 2020.[28] A few ships (DDG-64, DDG-71, DDG-75, DDG-78) are equipped with the SeaRAM missile launching system to improve their self-defense while operating in Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD) mode.[29]

The SM-3, SM-6, and SM-2ER Block IV provide Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD), the SM-3 being a dedicated ballistic missile interceptor,[30] and the latter two having terminal phase anti-ballistic capability.[31][26] So vital has the Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense role of the class become that all ships of the class are being updated with BMD capability.[32] The first 28 Flight I and Flight II ships were upgraded during 2012-2014. Flight III ships will be delivered from 2023 with BMD capabilities and new AN/SPY-6 3D radar, while Flight IIA ships will receive BMD capabilities with an AN/SPY-6 radar retrofit starting from 2022.

Flights I and II carry stand-alone Harpoon anti-ship missile launchers for a total of 4 to 8 Harpoons, giving them an anti-ship capability with a range in excess of 64 nautical miles (119 km; 74 mi).[9]

USS Forrest Sherman in 2007, test firing her new 5"/62 caliber Mark 45 Mod 4 gun, located forward of her 32-cell missile pack module

The class can perform strategic land strikes with VLS-launched Tomahawks.[9] With the development of the Tomahawk Block V, all existing Block IV Tomahawks carried were converted to the Block V version to become dual-role missiles with anti-ship capability in addition to their land attack role. The Tomahawk Block Va version is called the Maritime Strike version, and the Block Vb version features the Joint Multi-Effects Warhead System.[33] This provides Arleigh Burke-class destroyers an additional missile for the anti-ship role—along with the Harpoon (which is only on Flight I and II ships). The Tomahawk can be carried in much larger numbers than the Harpoon and has a much larger warhead.

Arleigh Burke-class ships feature the Navy's latest AN/SQQ-89 anti-submarine warfare combat system, which is integrated with Aegis. It encompasses the AN/SQS-53C bow-mounted sonar and AN/SQR-19 or TB-37U towed array sonar (several Flight IIA ships do not have a towed array). The ships carry standoff RUM-139 anti-submarine rockets, which have a range of 22 km and carry the Mark 54 ASW torpedo. For short-range defense against submarines, they have two Mark 32 triple torpedo tubes—one to the port side and one to the starboard side—that can fire the Mark 46, Mark 50, and Mark 54 ASW torpedoes. The ships can detect anti-ship mines at a range of about 1400 meters.[34][35]

All ships of the class are fitted with at least one Phalanx close-in weapon system (CIWS), which provides point defense against air and surface threats. They also carry two 25 mm Mk 38 Machine Gun Systems, one on each side of the ship. They are designed to counter fast surface craft.[36] There are numerous mounts for crew-served weapons like the M2 Browning.[37]

Located on the forward deck is the 5-inch (127 mm) Mark 45 gun. The Mark 45 Mod 2 variant, with a barrel length of 54 calibers (270 inches, 6,900 mm), is installed on ship hull numbers DDG-51 – DDG-80 (30 ships). Hull numbers beginning with DDG-81 employ the Mark 45 Mod 4 variant, which has a barrel length of 62 calibers (310 inches, 7,900 mm).[20] The 5-inch Mark 45 gun, directed by the Mark 34 Gun Weapon System (GWS), is capable of use in anti-ship and close-in anti-aircraft roles, as well as Naval gunfire support (NGFS) supporting forces ashore, with a range of up to 20 miles (32 km) and capable of firing 16–20 rounds per minute.[20] The Mark 45 gun on the Arleigh Burke-class destroyer has an ammunition stowage of 680 shells.[38][39]

Aircraft

Flights IIA and III are equipped with two hangers for stowing MH-60 helicopters. Their Light Airborne Multi-Purpose System (LAMPS) helicopter system improves the ship's capabilities against submarines and surface ships by enabling the MH-60 to serve as a platform for monitoring submarines and surface ships, launching torpedoes and missiles against them, and providing fire support during insertions/extractions with machine guns and Hellfire anti-armor guided missiles.[40] The helicopters also serve in a utility role, able to perform ship replenishment, search and rescue, medical evacuation, communications relay, and naval gunfire spotting and controlling.

In March 2022, an Arleigh Burke destroyer was deployed with an AAI Aerosonde UAS. The aircraft is being demonstrated for Flight I and II ships, which do not have accommodations for permanently storing helicopters. The Aerosonde has a small enough footprint to be stowed away on those destroyers. In flight, it can perform missions such as ISR at a much lower cost compared to manned helicopters.[41]

Development
Profile of Flight IIA Arleigh Burke-class destroyer

In 1980, the U.S. Navy initiated design studies with seven contractors. By 1983, the number of competitors had been reduced to three: Bath Iron Works, Todd Shipyards, and Ingalls Shipbuilding.[18] On 3 April 1985, Bath Iron Works received a US$321.9 million contract to build the first of class, USS Arleigh Burke.[42] Gibbs & Cox was awarded the contract to be the lead ship design agent.[43] The total cost of the first ship was put at US$1.1 billion, the other US$778 million being for the ship's weapons systems.[42] She was laid down by the Bath Iron Works at Bath, Maine, on 6 December 1988, and launched on 16 September 1989 by Mrs. Arleigh Burke. The Admiral himself was present at her commissioning ceremony on 4 July 1991, held on the waterfront in downtown Norfolk, Virginia.

The Flight II Arleigh Burke ships have the following improvements over the original Flight I: incorporation of combat direction finding, SLQ-32(V)3 instead of (V)2, SPS-67(V)5 instead of (V)3,[44] TADIX-B, JTIDS command and control processor, and the capability to launch and control SM-2 Extended Range Block IV.[45]

The Flight IIA Arleigh Burke ships feature several changes, including both the addition and removal of systems. Among the additions are two hangars for anti-submarine warfare (ASW) helicopters and a new, longer 5-inch/62-caliber (127 mm) Mark 45 Mod 4 naval gun (installed onto USS Winston S. Churchill (DDG-81) and later ships). Retractable missile loading cranes on the forward and aft VLS were replaced with a total of 6 additional missile cells. Later Flight IIA ships starting with USS Mason (DDG-87) use the Sperry Marine BridgeMaster E as their navigation radar instead of the AN/SPS-73(V)12.[46] USS Mustin (DDG-89) and onwards have a modified funnel design that buries the funnels within the superstructure as a signature-reduction measure. The use of the improved SPY-1D(V) radar, starting with USS Pickney (DDG-91), enhanced their ability to filter out clutter and resist electronic attack.[47][48] Systems omitted from Flight IIA are the Harpoon missile launchers and the AN/SQR-19 TACTAS (tactical towed array sonar),[49] and starting with USS McCampbell (DDG-85), the forward Phalanx CIWS.[50]

Ships from DDG-68 to DDG-84 have AN/SLQ-32 antennas that resemble the (V)3 configuration similar to those deployed on Ticonderoga-class cruiser, while the remainder has (V)2 variants externally resembling those deployed on some Oliver Hazard Perry-class frigate. Whereas (V)2 has only passive capabilities, (V)3 features an active electronic countermeasures component. AN/SLQ-32 is being upgraded under the Surface Electronic Warfare Improvement Program (SEWIP). The first SEWIP Block 2 upgrades were installed in 2014, with full-rate production scheduled for mid-2015.[49]

A number of Flight IIA ships were constructed without any Phalanx CIWS because of the planned Evolved SeaSparrow Missile; the Navy had initially decided that ESSM made Phalanx redundant.[51] However, the Navy later changed its mind and decided to retrofit all IIA ships to carry at least one Phalanx CIWS by 2013.[52]

The experimental 60 kW High Energy Laser and Integrated Optical-dazzler and Surveillance (HELIOS) underwent land-based testing from August 2021 to March 2022.[53][54] In August 2022, USS Preble (DDG-88) became the first ship to be equipped with the system. It is expected that Preble will begin at-sea testing of the HELIOS in the 2023 Fiscal Year.[55]

USS Pinckney, USS Momsen, USS Chung-Hoon, USS Nitze, USS James E. Williams, and USS Bainbridge[56] have superstructure differences to accommodate the Remote Mine-hunting System (RMS). Additionally, the Mk 32 torpedo tubes were repositioned from amidships to the aft missile deck.

Modernization
Combat Information Center aboard the USS John S. McCain (DDG-56)

In an effort to address congressional concerns over the retirement of the Iowa-class battleship, the Navy began a modernization program for the Arleigh Burkes aimed at improving their gun systems. This modernization was to include an extension of the range of the 5-inch (127 mm) guns on the Flight I Arleigh Burke-class destroyers (USS Arleigh Burke to USS Ross) with extended range guided munitions (ERGMs) that would have given the guns a range of 40 nautical miles (74 km).[57][58][59] However, the ERGM was canceled in 2008.[60]

The current modernization program is designed to provide a comprehensive mid-life upgrade to ensure that the class remains effective. Reduced manning, increased mission effectiveness, and reduced total cost—including construction, maintenance, and operation—are the goals of the modernization program. Modernization technologies were integrated during the construction of DDG-111 and 112, and they are planned to be retrofitted into DDG Flight I and II ships during in-service overhaul periods.[3] The first phase will update the hull, mechanical, and electrical systems, while the second phase will introduce an open architecture computing environment (OACE). The result will be improved capability in both Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD) and littoral combat.[61][62] By 2018, all Arleigh Burke-class ships homeported in the Western Pacific will have upgraded ASW systems, including the new AN/SQR-20, renamed the TB-37U, Multi-Function Towed Array (MFTA) sonar systems.[63][64]

The Navy is also upgrading the ships' ability to process data. Beginning with USS Spruance (DDG-111), the Navy is installing an internet protocol (IP)-based data backbone, which enhances the ship's ability to handle video. Spruance is the first destroyer to be fitted with the Boeing Company's gigabit Ethernet data multiplex system (GEDMS).[65]

In July 2010, BAE Systems announced that they had been awarded a contract to modernize 11 ships.[66] In May 2014, Sam LaGrone reported that 21 of the 28 Flight I/II Arleigh Burke-class ships would not receive a mid-life upgrade that included electronics and Aegis Baseline 9 software for SM-6 compatibility; instead, they would retain the basic BMD 3.6.1 software in a $170 million upgrade concentrating on mechanical systems, and on some ships, their anti-submarine suite.[67] Seven Flight I ships—DDG 51–53, 57, 61, 65, 69—will get the full US$270m Baseline 9 upgrade.[67] Deputy of surface warfare Dave McFarland said that this change was due to the budget cuts in the Budget Control Act of 2011.[68]

In 2016, the Navy announced they would begin the outfitting of 34 Flight IIA Arleigh Burke vessels with a hybrid-electric drive (HED) to lower fuel costs. While the four LM-2500 gas turbines of the Arleigh Burkes are most efficient at high speeds, an electric motor is to be attached to the main reduction gear to turn the drive shaft to propel the ship at speeds under 13 knots (24 km/h), such as during BMD or maritime security operations. Use of the HED for half the time could extend time on station by 2.5 days before refueling.[69] In March 2018, the Navy announced the HED would complete installation onto USS Truxtun (DDG-103), but upgrades of further destroyers would be halted. Budget priorities and design issues caused the move, and Truxtun will be used to test the technology and see if it can be improved.[70]

Also in 2016, four destroyers patrolling with the U.S. 6th Fleet based in Naval Station Rota, Spain (USS Carney, USS Ross, USS Donald Cook, USS Porter) received self-protection upgrades, replacing one of their two Phalanx CIWS with a SeaRAM close-range ship defense system, which combines the Phalanx sensor dome with an 11-cell RIM-116 launcher. This was the first time the system was paired with an Aegis ship.[71]

In February 2018, Lockheed Martin received a contract to deliver their High Energy Laser and Integrated Optical-dazzler with Surveillance (HELIOS) system for installation onto an Arleigh Burke destroyer to "dazzle" or destroy small boats and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and be the first time a laser weapon would be put on a warship.[72][73] In November 2019, USS Dewey (DDG-105) had the Optical Dazzling Interdictor, Navy (ODIN) system installed, which was publicly revealed in February 2020. Going from an approved idea to installation in two and a half years, ODIN differs from the XN-1 LaWS previously mounted on USS Ponce from 2014 to 2017 in that it functions as a dazzler, the first operational employment of such a stand-alone system, which blinds or destroys delicate optical sensors on drones rather than fully shooting down the aircraft.[74][75] HELIOS was delivered to the Navy in August 2022 and installed on the USS Preble (DDG 88). It is a "60+ kW"-class laser that can be scaled up to 120 kW and is expected to start conducting at-sea tests in fiscal 2023.[76] At 60 kW it can engage targets up to 8.0 km (5 mi) away.[77]

In October 2020, National Security Advisor Robert C. O'Brien said that the Common Hypersonic Glide Body (C-HGB) missile developed under the Conventional Prompt Strike program would be fielded on all three Flights of Arleigh Burke-class destroyers. However, the C-HCB is expected to be around 3 ft (0.91 m) wide, making it too large to fit in Mk 41 VLS tubes or on deck launchers. Installing them on Arleigh Burke destroyers would require removing some Mk 41 cells to accommodate the larger weapon, which would be expensive and time-consuming.[78][79] There is some criticism to this idea, including the oldest Flight I ships needing a service life extension to justify refit costs that would only prolong their service lives a short time when they are already more expensive to operate, and the newest Flight III ships being optimized for BMD so they would be given a new, complex mission requiring a major refit so soon.[80]

In December 2021, Raytheon was awarded a $237 million contract for integration and production support to enable the upgrading of Flight IIA ships from AN/SPY-1 to AN/SPY-6V(4) radar. This upgrade would provide capabilities similar to Flight III ships, such as providing integrated air and missile defense with the ability to track multiple ballistic missile or air-breathing targets. Due to the smaller superstructure of the Flight IIA ships compared to Flight III ships, the radar implementation will be scaled down from the Flight III AN/SPY-6V(1) version with fewer (24 vs. 37) radar module assemblies.[81]

Production restarted and further development

The class was scheduled to be replaced by Zumwalt-class destroyers beginning in 2020,[82] but an increasing threat from both long- and short-range missiles caused the Navy to restart production of the Arleigh Burke class and consider placing littoral combat mission modules on the new ships.[83][84] Arleigh Burke-class production is being restarted in place of additional Zumwalt-class destroyers.[85]

In April 2009, the Navy announced a plan limiting the Zumwalt class to three units while ordering another three Arleigh Burke-class ships from both Bath Iron Works and Ingalls Shipbuilding.[85] In December 2009, Northrop Grumman received a $170.7 million letter contract for DDG-113 long-lead-time materials.[86] Shipbuilding contracts for DDG-113 to DDG-115 were awarded in mid-2011 for US$679.6m–$783.6m;[87] these do not include government-furnished equipment such as weapons and sensors, which will take the average cost of the FY2011/12 ships to US$1.843b per vessel.[1]

DDG-113 to DDG-115 will be "restart" ships, similar to previous Flight IIA ships, but including modernization features such as Open Architecture Computing Environment. Additionally, DDG-113 onwards are installed with the TB-37U (previously known as the AN/SQR-20) Multi-Function Towed Array (MFTA), the successor to the older AN/SQR-19 TACTAS on Flight I and II ships.[88][89]

DDG-116 to DDG-121 will be "Technology Insertion" ships with elements of the future Flight III.[90] For example, DDG-119 and onwards have the AN/SPQ-9B instead of the AN/SPS-67, a feature planned for Flight III.[91] Flight III proper will begin with the third ship procured in 2016.[92]

Flight III ships, construction starting in FY2016 in place of the canceled CG(X) program, have various design improvements, including radar antennas of mid-diameter increased to 14 feet (4.3 m) from the previous 12 feet (3.7 m).[93] The AN/SPY-6 Air and Missile Defense Radar (AMDR) uses an active electronically scanned array with digital beamforming instead of the earlier passive electronically scanned array radars.[94] Raytheon, the contractor for the SPY-6, claims that the 37-RMA SPY-6(V)1 offers a 15 dB improved sensitivity compared to SPY-1—in other words, capable of detecting an object "half the size at twice the distance."[95]

Costs for the Flight III ships increased rapidly as expectations and requirements for the program have grown. In particular, this was due to the changing requirements needed to carry the proposed Air and Missile Defense Radar system required for the ships' BMD role.[96] The Government Accountability Office found that the design of the Flight IIIs was based on "a significantly reduced threat environment from other Navy analyses" and that the new ships would be "at best marginally effective". The U.S. Navy disagrees with the GAO findings, claiming the DDG-51 hull is "absolutely" capable of fitting a large enough radar to meet requirements. Installation of the AMDR would require double the power and double the cooling, but there is room to fit what is needed inside the hull.[97]

In spite of the production restart, the U.S. Navy is expected to fall short of its requirement for 94 destroyer or cruiser platforms capable of missile defense starting in FY 2025 and continuing past the end of the 30-year planning window. While this is a new requirement as of 2011, and the U.S. Navy has never had so many large missile-armed surface combatants, the relative success of the Aegis BMD System has shifted this national security requirement onto the U.S. Navy. The shortfall will arise as older platforms that have been refitted to be missile-defense-capable (particularly the cruisers) are retired in bulk before new destroyers are planned to be built.[98]

The U.S. Navy was considering extending the acquisition of Arleigh Burke-class destroyers into the 2040s, according to revised procurement tables sent to Congress, with the procurement of Flight IV ships from 2032 through 2041.[99] This was canceled to cover the cost of the Columbia-class submarines, with the air defense commander role retained on one cruiser per carrier battle group.[100]

In April 2022, the Navy proposed a procurement plan for nine ships, with an option for a tenth, to build two ships a year from 2023 to 2027. Some lawmakers pushed to add a third ship to be built in 2023, bringing the total of the proposed deal to eleven ships. This would follow the Navy's two-ship per year procurement from 2018 to 2022.[101]

Future replacement

USS Michael Murphy (DDG-112) was originally intended to be the last of the Arleigh Burke class. However, with the reduction of the Zumwalt-class production, the U.S. Navy requested new DDG-51-class ships.[102] Long-lead materials contracts were awarded to Northrop Grumman in December 2009 for DDG-113 and in April 2010 for DDG-114.[103] General Dynamics received a long-lead materials contract for DDG-115 in February 2010.[104][105] It was anticipated that in FY2012 or FY2013, the U.S. Navy would commence detailed work for a Flight III design and request 24 ships to be built from 2016 to 2031.[106] In May 2013, a total of 76 Arleigh Burke-class ships were planned.[107] The Flight III variant is in the design phase as of 2013. In June 2013, the U.S. Navy awarded $6.2 billion in destroyer contracts.[108] Up to 42 Flight III ships may be procured by the U.S. Navy, with the first ship, USS Jack H. Lucas (DDG-125), entering service in 2023.[109]

Future Surface Combatant

In April 2014, the U.S. Navy began the early stages of developing a new destroyer to replace the Arleigh Burke class called the "Future Surface Combatant". The new class is expected to enter service in the early 2030s and initially serve alongside the 22 Flight III DDGs. No hull design or shape has been speculated yet. However, it is known that the destroyer class will incorporate emerging technologies like lasers, onboard power-generation systems, increased automation, and next-generation weapons, sensors, and electronics. They will leverage technologies in use on other platforms such as the Zumwalt-class destroyer, littoral combat ship, and Gerald R. Ford-class aircraft carrier.[110]

The Future Surface Combatant may place importance on the Zumwalt-class destroyer's electric drive system that propels the ship while generating 58 megawatts of onboard electrical power, levels required to operate future directed energy weapons. Laser weapon systems are likely to become more prominent to engage threats without using missiles that could potentially cost more than the target being engaged. Less expensive weapon systems may help keep the destroyer class from becoming too expensive. Initial requirements for the Future Surface Combatant will emphasize lethality and survivability, as well as continuing to aircraft carriers. The ships must also be modular to allow for inexpensive upgrades of weaponry, electronics, computing, and sensors over time as threats evolve.[110] The Future Surface Combatant has evolved into the Large Surface Combatant, which became the DDG(X).[111]

Operational history

In October 2011, it was announced that four Arleigh Burke-class destroyers would be forward-deployed in Europe to support the NATO missile defense system. The ships, to be based at Naval Station Rota, Spain, were named in February 2012 as Ross, Donald Cook, Porter, and Carney.[112] By reducing travel times to station, this forward deployment will allow for six other destroyers to be shifted from the Atlantic in support of the Pivot to East Asia.[113] Russia has threatened to quit the New START treaty over this deployment, calling it a threat to their nuclear deterrent.[114] In 2018, however, Chief of Naval Operations Admiral John Richardson criticized the policy of keeping six highly mobile BMD platforms "in a little tiny box, defending land", a role which he believed could be performed equally well at less cost by shore-based systems.[115]

In October 2016, the Arleigh Burke-class destroyer USS Mason (DDG-87) and two other ships were deployed to the coast of Yemen after a UAE auxiliary ship was hit in an attack for which Houthi rebels claimed responsibility.[116] On 9 October, while in the Red Sea, USS Mason detected two anti-ship missiles headed towards herself and nearby USS Ponce (LPD-15) fired from Houthi-controlled territory. Mason fired two SM-2s, one ESSM, and launched a Nulka decoy. One AShM was confirmed to have struck the water on its own, and it is unknown if the second missile was taken out by an interceptor or hit the water on its own.[117] This incident was the second time in history that a warship fired surface-to-air missiles against a missile threat in combat (the first being the USS Missouri attack in 1991). On 12 October, in the Bab el-Mandeb strait, Mason again detected an inbound anti-ship missile. It was intercepted at a range of 8 miles by an SM-2, marking the first confirmed time in history a warship successfully defended itself with SAMs against an anti-ship missile.[118][119] On 13 October, nearby Arleigh Burke-class destroyer USS Nitze (DDG-94) conducted Tomahawk strikes, destroying three Houthi radar sites that were used in the previous attacks.[120] Back in the Red Sea, Mason experienced yet a third attack on 15 October, this time with 5 AShMs. She fired SM-2s, destroying four of the missiles. Nitze neutralized the fifth missile with a radar decoy.[119][121]

Accidents and major incidents

USS Cole bombing
USS Cole being towed from the port city of Aden after the bombing. Blast damage to the hull is visible mid-ship.

USS Cole was damaged on 12 October 2000 in Aden, Yemen, while docked by an attack in which a shaped charge of 200–300 kg in a boat was placed against the hull and detonated by suicide bombers, killing 17 crew members. The ship was repaired and returned to duty in 2001.

USS Porter and MV Otowasan collision

On 12 August 2012, USS Porter collided with the oil tanker MV Otowasan near the Strait of Hormuz. Though there were no injuries on the ships, the US Navy removed the Porter's commanding officer from duty. Repairs took two months at a cost of $700,000.

USS Fitzgerald and MV ACX Crystal collision

On 17 June 2017, USS Fitzgerald collided with the MV ACX Crystal cargo ship near Yokosuka, Japan. Seven sailors drowned. Following an investigation, the ship's commanding officer, executive officer, and Command Master Chief Petty Officer were relieved of their duties. In addition, close to a dozen sailors were given non-judicial punishment for losing situational awareness. Repairs were to be completed by summer 2019 originally. However, initial repairs were made by February 2020. After the subsequent sea trials, she was brought in for additional repairs. The ship departed for home port in June 2020.

USS John S. McCain and Alnic MC collision

On 21 August 2017, USS John S. McCain collided with the container ship Alnic MC. The collision injured 48 sailors and killed 10, whose bodies were all recovered by 27 August. The cause of the collision was determined to be poor communication between the two ships and the bridge crew lacking situational awareness. In the aftermath, the ship's top leadership, including the commanding officer, executive officer, and Command Master Chief Petty Officer were removed from command. In addition, top leadership of the US Seventh Fleet, including the commander, Vice Admiral Joseph Aucoin, were relieved of their duties due to loss of confidence in their ability to command. Other commanders who were relieved included Rear Admiral Charles Williams, commander of Task Force 70, and Captain Jeffrey Bennett, commodore of Destroyer Squadron 15. This was the third incident involving a US Navy ship in 2017, with a repair cost of over $100 million.[122]

Contractors
  • Builders: 34 units constructed by General Dynamics, Bath Iron Works Division, and 28 by Huntington Ingalls Industries (formerly Northrop Grumman Ship Systems), Ingalls Shipbuilding
  • AN/SPY-1 radar and combat system integrator: Lockheed Martin
  • AN/SPY-6 radar: Raytheon

Ships in class
Name Hull no. Flight Builder Laid down Launched Commissioned Home port Status
Arleigh Burke DDG-51 I Bath Iron Works 6 December 1988 16 September 1989 4 July 1991 Rota, Spain Active
Barry DDG-52 I Ingalls Shipbuilding 26 February 1990 8 June 1991 12 December 1992 Yokosuka, Japan Active
John Paul Jones DDG-53 I Bath Iron Works 8 August 1990 26 October 1991 18 December 1993 Pearl Harbor, Hawaii Active
Curtis Wilbur DDG-54 I Bath Iron Works 12 March 1991 16 May 1992 19 March 1994 San Diego, California Active
Stout DDG-55 I Ingalls Shipbuilding 8 August 1991 16 October 1992 13 August 1994 Norfolk, Virginia Active
John S. McCain DDG-56 I Bath Iron Works 3 September 1991 26 September 1992 2 July 1994 Everett, Washington Active
Mitscher DDG-57 I Ingalls Shipbuilding 12 February 1992 7 May 1993 10 December 1994 Norfolk, Virginia Active
Laboon DDG-58 I Bath Iron Works 23 March 1992 20 February 1993 18 March 1995 Norfolk, Virginia Active
Russell DDG-59 I Ingalls Shipbuilding 24 July 1992 20 October 1993 20 May 1995 San Diego, California Active
Paul Hamilton DDG-60 I Bath Iron Works 24 August 1992 24 July 1993 27 May 1995 San Diego, California Active
Ramage DDG-61 I Ingalls Shipbuilding 4 January 1993 11 February 1994 22 July 1995 Norfolk, Virginia Active
Fitzgerald DDG-62 I Bath Iron Works 9 February 1993 29 January 1994 14 October 1995 San Diego, California[123] Active
Stethem DDG-63 I Ingalls Shipbuilding 11 May 1993 17 July 1994 21 October 1995 San Diego, California Active
Carney DDG-64 I Bath Iron Works 8 August 1993 23 July 1994 13 April 1996 Mayport, Florida Active
Benfold DDG-65 I Ingalls Shipbuilding 27 September 1993 9 November 1994 30 March 1996 Yokosuka, Japan Active
Gonzalez DDG-66 I Bath Iron Works 3 February 1994 18 February 1995 12 October 1996 Norfolk, Virginia Active
Cole DDG-67 I Ingalls Shipbuilding 28 February 1994 10 February 1995 8 June 1996 Norfolk, Virginia Active
The Sullivans DDG-68 I Bath Iron Works 27 July 1994 12 August 1995 19 April 1997 Mayport, Florida Active
Milius DDG-69 I Ingalls Shipbuilding 8 August 1994 1 August 1995 23 November 1996 Yokosuka, Japan[124] Active
Hopper DDG-70 I Bath Iron Works 23 February 1995 6 January 1996 6 September 1997 Pearl Harbor, Hawaii Active
Ross DDG-71 I Ingalls Shipbuilding 10 April 1995 22 March 1996 28 June 1997 Rota, Spain Active
Mahan DDG-72 II Bath Iron Works 17 August 1995 29 June 1996 14 February 1998 Norfolk, Virginia Active
Decatur DDG-73 II Bath Iron Works 11 January 1996 10 November 1996 29 August 1998 San Diego, California Active
McFaul DDG-74 II Ingalls Shipbuilding 26 January 1996 18 January 1997 25 April 1998 Norfolk, Virginia Active
Donald Cook DDG-75 II Bath Iron Works 9 July 1996 3 May 1997 4 December 1998 Mayport, Florida Active
Higgins DDG-76 II Bath Iron Works 14 November 1996 4 October 1997 24 April 1999 Yokosuka, Japan Active
O'Kane DDG-77 II Bath Iron Works 8 May 1997 28 March 1998 23 October 1999 San Diego, California Active
Porter DDG-78 II Ingalls Shipbuilding 2 December 1996 12 November 1997 20 March 1999 Rota, Spain Active
Oscar Austin DDG-79 IIA[lower-alpha 1] Bath Iron Works 9 October 1997 7 November 1998 19 August 2000 Norfolk, Virginia Active
Roosevelt DDG-80 IIA[lower-alpha 1] Ingalls Shipbuilding 15 December 1997 10 January 1999 14 October 2000 Rota, Spain Active
Winston S. Churchill DDG-81 IIA[lower-alpha 2] Bath Iron Works 7 May 1998 17 April 1999 10 March 2001 Mayport, Florida Active
Lassen DDG-82 IIA[lower-alpha 2] Ingalls Shipbuilding 24 August 1998 16 October 1999 21 April 2001 Mayport, Florida Active
Howard DDG-83 IIA[lower-alpha 2] Bath Iron Works 9 December 1998 20 November 1999 20 October 2001 Yokosuka, Japan Active
Bulkeley DDG-84 IIA[lower-alpha 2] Ingalls Shipbuilding 10 May 1999 21 June 2000 8 December 2001 Rota, Spain Active
McCampbell DDG-85 IIA[lower-alpha 3] Bath Iron Works 15 July 1999 2 July 2000 17 August 2002 Everett, Washington Active
Shoup DDG-86 IIA[lower-alpha 3] Ingalls Shipbuilding 13 December 1999 22 November 2000 22 June 2002 San Diego, California Active
Mason DDG-87 IIA[lower-alpha 3] Bath Iron Works 19 January 2000 23 June 2001 12 April 2003 Norfolk, Virginia Active
Preble DDG-88 IIA[lower-alpha 3] Ingalls Shipbuilding 22 June 2000 1 June 2001 9 November 2002 San Diego, California Active
Mustin DDG-89 IIA[lower-alpha 3] Ingalls Shipbuilding 15 January 2001 12 December 2001 26 July 2003 San Diego, California Active
Chafee DDG-90 IIA[lower-alpha 3] Bath Iron Works 12 April 2001 2 November 2002 18 October 2003 Pearl Harbor, Hawaii Active
Pinckney DDG-91 IIA[lower-alpha 3] Ingalls Shipbuilding 16 July 2001 26 June 2002 29 May 2004 San Diego, California Active
Momsen DDG-92 IIA[lower-alpha 3] Bath Iron Works 16 November 2001 19 July 2003 28 August 2004 Everett, Washington Active
Chung-Hoon DDG-93 IIA[lower-alpha 3] Ingalls Shipbuilding 14 January 2002 15 December 2002 18 September 2004 Pearl Harbor, Hawaii Active
Nitze DDG-94 IIA[lower-alpha 3] Bath Iron Works 20 September 2002 3 April 2004 5 March 2005 Norfolk, Virginia Active
James E. Williams DDG-95 IIA[lower-alpha 3] Ingalls Shipbuilding 15 July 2002 25 June 2003 11 December 2004 Norfolk, Virginia Active
Bainbridge DDG-96 IIA[lower-alpha 3] Bath Iron Works 7 May 2003 13 November 2004 12 November 2005 Norfolk, Virginia Active
Halsey DDG-97 IIA[lower-alpha 3] Ingalls Shipbuilding 13 January 2002 9 January 2004 30 July 2005 Pearl Harbor, Hawaii Active
Forrest Sherman DDG-98 IIA[lower-alpha 3] Ingalls Shipbuilding 7 August 2003 2 October 2004 28 January 2006 Norfolk, Virginia Active
Farragut DDG-99 IIA[lower-alpha 3] Bath Iron Works 9 January 2004 23 July 2005 10 June 2006 Mayport, Florida Active
Kidd DDG-100 IIA[lower-alpha 3] Ingalls Shipbuilding 29 April 2004 22 January 2005 9 June 2007 Everett, Washington Active
Gridley DDG-101 IIA[lower-alpha 3] Bath Iron Works 30 July 2004 28 December 2005 10 February 2007 Everett, Washington Active
Sampson DDG-102 IIA[lower-alpha 3] Bath Iron Works 20 March 2005 16 September 2006 3 November 2007 Everett, Washington Active
Truxtun DDG-103 IIA[lower-alpha 3] Ingalls Shipbuilding 11 April 2005 2 June 2007 25 April 2009 Norfolk, Virginia Active
Sterett DDG-104 IIA[lower-alpha 3] Bath Iron Works 17 November 2005 19 May 2007 9 August 2008 San Diego, California Active
Dewey DDG-105 IIA[lower-alpha 3] Ingalls Shipbuilding 4 October 2006 26 January 2008 6 March 2010 Yokosuka, Japan Active
Stockdale DDG-106 IIA[lower-alpha 3] Bath Iron Works 10 August 2006 10 May 2008 18 April 2009 San Diego, California Active
Gravely DDG-107 IIA[lower-alpha 3] Ingalls Shipbuilding 26 November 2007 30 March 2009 20 November 2010 Norfolk, Virginia Active
Wayne E. Meyer DDG-108 IIA[lower-alpha 3] Bath Iron Works 18 May 2007 18 October 2008 10 October 2009 Pearl Harbor, Hawaii Active
Jason Dunham DDG-109 IIA[lower-alpha 3] Bath Iron Works 11 April 2008 1 August 2009 13 November 2010 Mayport, Florida Active
William P. Lawrence DDG-110 IIA[lower-alpha 3] Ingalls Shipbuilding 16 September 2008 15 December 2009 4 June 2011 Pearl Harbor, Hawaii Active
Spruance DDG-111 IIA[lower-alpha 3] Bath Iron Works 14 May 2009 6 June 2010 1 October 2011 San Diego, California Active
Michael Murphy DDG-112 IIA[lower-alpha 3] Bath Iron Works 18 June 2010 7 May 2011 6 October 2012 Pearl Harbor, Hawaii Active
John Finn DDG-113 IIA Restart Ingalls Shipbuilding 5 November 2013 28 March 2015[125] 15 July 2017 San Diego, California Active
Ralph Johnson DDG-114 IIA Restart Ingalls Shipbuilding 12 September 2014 12 December 2015 24 March 2018[126] Yokosuka, Japan Active
Rafael Peralta DDG-115 IIA Restart Bath Iron Works 30 October 2014 1 November 2015[127] 29 July 2017[128] Yokosuka, Japan Active
Thomas Hudner DDG-116 IIA Technology Insertion Bath Iron Works 16 November 2015 23 April 2017 1 December 2018[129] Mayport, Florida[130] Active
Paul Ignatius DDG-117 IIA Technology Insertion Ingalls Shipbuilding 20 October 2015 12 November 2016 27 July 2019 Rota, Spain Active
Daniel Inouye DDG-118 IIA Technology Insertion Bath Iron Works 14 May 2018[131] 27 October 2019 8 December 2021 Pearl Harbor, Hawaii Active
Delbert D. Black DDG-119 IIA Technology Insertion Ingalls Shipbuilding 1 June 2016 8 September 2017[132] 26 September 2020 Mayport, Florida Active
Carl M. Levin[133] DDG-120 IIA Technology Insertion Bath Iron Works 1 February 2019 16 May 2021 2022 est.[134] Pearl Harbor, Hawaii Launched
Frank E. Petersen Jr.[135] DDG-121 IIA Technology Insertion Ingalls Shipbuilding 21 February 2017 13 July 2018 14 May 2022[136] Pearl Harbor, Hawaii Active
John Basilone[137] DDG-122 IIA Technology Insertion Bath Iron Works 10 January 2020 12 June 2022 2022 est.[138] Launched
Lenah H. Sutcliffe Higbee[139] DDG-123 IIA Technology Insertion Ingalls Shipbuilding 14 November 2017 27 January 2020 2024 est.[138] Launched[140]
Harvey C. Barnum Jr.[133] DDG-124 IIA Technology Insertion Bath Iron Works 6 April 2021 2024 est.[138] Keel laid
Jack H. Lucas[141] DDG-125 III Ingalls Shipbuilding 8 November 2019 4 June 2021[142] 2023 est.[143] Launched
Louis H. Wilson Jr.[141] DDG-126 III Bath Iron Works 2024 est.[143] Contract awarded (MYP)
Patrick Gallagher[144] DDG-127 IIA Technology Insertion[lower-alpha 4] Bath Iron Works 30 March 2022 2023 est.[143] Keel laid
Ted Stevens[145] DDG-128 III Ingalls Shipbuilding 9 March 2022 Keel laid
Jeremiah Denton[146] DDG-129 III Ingalls Shipbuilding 16 August 2022 Keel laid
William Charette[147] DDG-130 III Bath Iron Works Approved for construction
George M. Neal[148] DDG-131 III Ingalls Shipbuilding Approved for construction
Quentin Walsh[149] DDG-132 III Bath Iron Works Approved for construction
Sam Nunn[150] DDG-133 III Ingalls Shipbuilding Approved for construction
John E. Kilmer[151] DDG-134 III Bath Iron Works Approved for construction[152]
Thad Cochran DDG-135 III Ingalls Shipbuilding Approved for construction[153]
Richard G. Lugar DDG-136 III Bath Iron Works Approved for construction[154]
John F. Lehman[155] DDG-137 III Ingalls Shipbuilding Approved for construction[156]
J. William Middendorf[157] DDG-138 III Bath Iron Works Approved for construction[158]
Telesforo Trinidad[159] DDG-139 III Ingalls Shipbuilding Approved for construction[160]
  1. Flight IIA variant with 5"/54-caliber gun
  2. Flight IIA Variant with 5"/62-caliber gun
  3. Flight IIA Variant with 5"/62-caliber gun, and one 20 mm CIWS (Ewing 2008)
  4. The DDG-127 contract was awarded separately at a later date. Though two ships preceding her, DDG-125 & DDG-126 had begun the Flight III series, DDG-127 was designated as a Flight IIA Technology Insertion build (Department of Defense 2017). The Flight III series continued with DDG-128.

The 2012 film Battleship features the Arleigh Burke-class destroyer USS John Paul Jones as a major setting for most of the film's scenes.[161]

The 2014 television series The Last Ship, loosely based on the 1988 novel of the same name, is set on the fictional USS Nathan James.[162] Its hull designation in the book is DDG-80, but was changed to DDG-151 for the television series, to avoid confusion with the real-life USS Roosevelt (DDG-80), which did not exist when the book was written. USS Halsey (DDG-97), a real Flight IIA Arleigh Burke-class destroyer, stood in for Nathan James during filming.[163]

See also

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