List of British monarchs

United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Northern Ireland
United Kingdom of Great; Britain and Northern Ireland
	Royal coat of arms (common version on the left; Scottish version on the right)[lower-alpha 1]

There have been 13 British monarchs since the political union of the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland on 1 May 1707. England and Scotland had been in personal union since 24 March 1603. On 1 January 1801, the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland merged, which resulted in the creation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, which became the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland on the secession of southern Ireland in the 1920s.

List

Queen Anne had ruled the Kingdom of England, the Kingdom of Scotland, and the Kingdom of Ireland since 8 March 1702. She became monarch of the Kingdom of Great Britain after the political union of England and Scotland on 1 May 1707. Her total reign lasted 12 years and 147 days.

During the reign of Queen Anne, Parliament settled the rules of succession in the Act of Settlement 1701, defining Sophia of Hanover (granddaughter of James VI and I) and her non-Catholic descendants as the future royal heirs. The Crown passed from Queen Anne to Sophia's son King George I as Sophia had already died. Queen Anne and King George I were second cousins as both were great-grandchildren of James I and VI. For a family tree that shows George I's relationship to Anne, see George I of Great Britain § Family tree.

All British monarchs succeeding Queen Anne have inherited the Crown through primogeniture.

Name	Arms	Birth	Marriage(s)	Death	Claim	Ref.
House of Stuart
Anne 1 May 1707[lower-alpha 2][lower-alpha 3] – 1 August 1714[lower-alpha 2] (7 years, 93 days) (Queen of England and Scotland from 8 March 1702)[lower-alpha 4] (12 years, 147 days)		6 February 1665[lower-alpha 2] St James's Palace Daughter of James VII and II and Anne Hyde	George of Denmark St James's Palace 28 July 1683[lower-alpha 2] 5 children	1 August 1714[lower-alpha 2] Kensington Palace Aged 49	Daughter of James VII and II Bill of Rights 1689	[2]
House of Hanover
George I George Louis 1 August 1714[lower-alpha 2][lower-alpha 5] – 11 June 1727[lower-alpha 2] (12 years, 315 days)		28 May 1660[lower-alpha 2] Leineschloss Son of Ernest Augustus of Brunswick-Lüneburg and Sophia of the Palatinate	Sophia Dorothea of Brunswick-Lüneburg-Celle 21 November 1682[lower-alpha 2] 2 children	11 June 1727[lower-alpha 2] Osnabrück Aged 67	Great-grandson of James VI and I Act of Settlement 1701	[3]
George II George Augustus 11 June 1727[lower-alpha 6][lower-alpha 7] – 25 October 1760 (33 years, 126 days)		30 October 1683[lower-alpha 2] Herrenhausen Palace Son of George I and Sophia Dorothea of Brunswick-Lüneburg-Celle	Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach Herrenhausen Gardens 22 August 1705[lower-alpha 2] 8 children	25 October 1760 Kensington Palace Aged 76	Son of George I	[4]
George III George William Frederick 25 October 1760[lower-alpha 8] – 29 January 1820 (59 years, 97 days)	Until 1801: 1801–1816: From 1816:	24 May 1738[lower-alpha 2] Norfolk House Son of Prince Frederick and Augusta of Saxe-Gotha	Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz St James's Palace 8 September 1761 15 children	29 January 1820 Windsor Castle Aged 81	Grandson of George II	[5]
George IV George Augustus Frederick 29 January 1820[lower-alpha 9] — 26 June 1830 (10 years, 149 days)		12 August 1762 St James's Palace Son of George III and Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz	Caroline of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel St James's Palace 8 April 1795 1 daughter	26 June 1830 Windsor Castle Aged 67	Sons of George III	[6]
William IV William Henry 26 June 1830[lower-alpha 10] — 20 June 1837 (6 years, 360 days)		21 August 1765 Buckingham Palace Son of George III and Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz	Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen Kew Palace 13 July 1818 2 daughters	20 June 1837 Windsor Castle Aged 71	Sons of George III	[7]
Victoria Alexandrina Victoria 20 June 1837[lower-alpha 11] — 22 January 1901 (63 years, 217 days)		24 May 1819 Kensington Palace Daughter of Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn and Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld	Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha St James's Palace 10 February 1840 9 children	22 January 1901 Osborne House Aged 81	Granddaughter of George III	[8]
House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Edward VII Albert Edward 22 January 1901[lower-alpha 12] — 6 May 1910 (9 years, 105 days)		9 November 1841 Buckingham Palace Son of Victoria and Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha	Alexandra of Denmark St George's Chapel 10 March 1863 6 children	6 May 1910 Buckingham Palace Aged 68	Son of Victoria	[9]
House of Windsor[lower-alpha 13]
George V George Frederick Ernest Albert 6 May 1910[lower-alpha 14] — 20 January 1936 (25 years, 260 days)		3 June 1865 Marlborough House Son of Edward VII and Alexandra of Denmark	Mary of Teck St James's Palace 6 July 1893 6 children	20 January 1936 Sandringham House Aged 70	Son of Edward VII	[11]
Edward VIII Edward Albert Christian George Andrew Patrick David 20 January 1936[lower-alpha 15] — Abdicated 11 December 1936 (327 days)		23 June 1894 White Lodge Son of George V and Mary of Teck	Wallis Simpson Château de Candé 3 June 1937	28 May 1972 Neuilly-sur-Seine Aged 77	Sons of George V	[12]
George VI Albert Frederick Arthur George 11 December 1936[lower-alpha 16] — 6 February 1952 (15 years, 58 days)		14 December 1895 Sandringham House Son of George V and Mary of Teck	Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon Westminster Abbey 26 April 1923 2 daughters	6 February 1952 Sandringham House Aged 56	Sons of George V	[13]
Elizabeth II Elizabeth Alexandra Mary 6 February 1952[lower-alpha 17] — 8 September 2022[14] (70 years, 215 days)		21 April 1926 Mayfair Daughter of George VI and Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon	Philip Mountbatten Westminster Abbey 20 November 1947 4 children	8 September 2022 Balmoral Castle Aged 96	Daughter of George VI	[15]
Charles III Charles Philip Arthur George since 8 September 2022[14] (46 days)		14 November 1948 Buckingham Palace Son of Elizabeth II and Philip Mountbatten	(1) Diana Spencer (div. 1996) St Paul's Cathedral 29 July 1981 2 sons (2) Camilla Parker Bowles Windsor Guildhall 9 April 2005	Living Age 73	Son of Elizabeth II	[16]

Timeline

Comparative reigns of the British monarchs

Notes

There are two versions of the current Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom. The common version is on the left, while the Scottish version is on the right. In the shield of the common version, England is represented in the first and fourth quarters, Scotland is represented in the second quarter, and Northern Ireland is represented in the third quarter. In the shield of the Scottish version, the Royal Arms of England and the Royal Arms of Scotland are exchanged.[1]
Old Style date
Anne was crowned on 23 April 1702.
see List of English monarchs
George I was crowned on 20 October 1714.
Date of start of reign given in Old Style calendar; date of death in New Style. (Duration of reign takes this into account.)
George II was crowned on 11 October 1727 O.S..
George III was crowned on 22 September 1761 N.S..
George IV was crowned on 19 July 1821.
William IV was crowned on 8 September 1831.
Victoria was crowned on 28 June 1838.
Edward VII was crowned on 9 August 1902.
George V changed the name of the British royal house from Saxe-Coburg and Gotha to Windsor on 17 July 1917.[10] This change was made in response to anti-German sentiment in the British Empire during World War I. Descendants of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh and Queen Elizabeth II belong to the House of Windsor by Royal Command (9 April 1952 Declaration by Queen Elizabeth II to her Privy Council) although under the usual rules of genealogy they are, by paternal descent, also members of the Glücksburg branch of the House of Oldenburg (the ruling House of Denmark and of the former Kingdom of Greece). Accordingly, King Charles III is the first monarch of the House of Windsor who is a patrilineal descendant of the Glücksburg dynasty, instead of descending from Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha in the male line as was the case with the previous monarchs of the House of Windsor.
George V was crowned on 22 June 1911.
Edward VIII was not crowned.
George VI was crowned on 12 May 1937.
Elizabeth II was crowned on 2 June 1953.

References

"Coats of arms". royal.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 4 March 2009. Retrieved 9 May 2011.
"Anne (r. 1702–1714)". royal.gov.uk. 30 December 2015. Archived from the original on 25 January 2018. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
"George I (r. 1714–1727)". royal.gov.uk. 30 December 2015. Archived from the original on 7 May 2016. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
"George II (r. 1727–1760)". royal.gov.uk. 31 December 2015. Archived from the original on 7 May 2016. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
"George III (r. 1760–1820)". royal.gov.uk. 31 December 2015. Archived from the original on 20 May 2018. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
"King George IV (r. 1820–1830)". royal.gov.uk. 31 December 2015. Archived from the original on 19 August 2017. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
"William IV (r. 1830–1837)". royal.gov.uk. 15 January 2016. Archived from the original on 21 September 2017. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
"Victoria ( r. 1837–1901)". royal.gov.uk. 31 December 2015. Archived from the original on 25 January 2018. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
"Edward VII (r. 1901–1910)". royal.gov.uk. 11 January 2016. Archived from the original on 25 January 2018. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
"No. 30186". The London Gazette. 17 July 1917. p. 7119.
"George V (r. 1910–1936)". royal.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 25 January 2018. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
"Edward VIII (Jan–Dec 1936)". royal.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 7 May 2016. Retrieved 3 August 2010.
"George VI (r. 1936–1952)". royal.gov.uk. 12 January 2016. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
"Queen Elizabeth II has died, Buckingham Palace announces". BBC News. 8 September 2022. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
"Her Majesty The Queen". royal.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 23 August 2018. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
Bridge, London (8 September 2022). "The King". The Royal Family. Retrieved 9 September 2022.

External links

"British Royal Family History – Kings and Queens". britroyals.com. Archived from the original on 6 February 2015. Retrieved 9 February 2016.

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[2] There are two versions of the current Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom. The common version is on the left, while the Scottish version is on the right. In the shield of the common version, England is represented in the first and fourth quarters, Scotland is represented in the second quarter, and Northern Ireland is represented in the third quarter. In the shield of the Scottish version, the Royal Arms of England and the Royal Arms of Scotland are exchanged.[1]

[OS-3] Old Style date

[4] Anne was crowned on 23 April 1702.

[5] see List of English monarchs

[7] George I was crowned on 20 October 1714.

[9] Date of start of reign given in Old Style calendar; date of death in New Style. (Duration of reign takes this into account.)

[10] George II was crowned on 11 October 1727 O.S..

[12] George III was crowned on 22 September 1761 N.S..

[14] George IV was crowned on 19 July 1821.

[16] William IV was crowned on 8 September 1831.

[18] Victoria was crowned on 28 June 1838.

[20] Edward VII was crowned on 9 August 1902.

[23] George V changed the name of the British royal house from Saxe-Coburg and Gotha to Windsor on 17 July 1917.[10] This change was made in response to anti-German sentiment in the British Empire during World War I. Descendants of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh and Queen Elizabeth II belong to the House of Windsor by Royal Command (9 April 1952 Declaration by Queen Elizabeth II to her Privy Council) although under the usual rules of genealogy they are, by paternal descent, also members of the Glücksburg branch of the House of Oldenburg (the ruling House of Denmark and of the former Kingdom of Greece). Accordingly, King Charles III is the first monarch of the House of Windsor who is a patrilineal descendant of the Glücksburg dynasty, instead of descending from Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha in the male line as was the case with the previous monarchs of the House of Windsor.

[24] George V was crowned on 22 June 1911.

[26] Edward VIII was not crowned.

[28] George VI was crowned on 12 May 1937.

[30] Elizabeth II was crowned on 2 June 1953.

[1] "Coats of arms". royal.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 4 March 2009. Retrieved 9 May 2011.

[6] "Anne (r. 1702–1714)". royal.gov.uk. 30 December 2015. Archived from the original on 25 January 2018. Retrieved 16 January 2018.

[8] "George I (r. 1714–1727)". royal.gov.uk. 30 December 2015. Archived from the original on 7 May 2016. Retrieved 12 January 2018.

[11] "George II (r. 1727–1760)". royal.gov.uk. 31 December 2015. Archived from the original on 7 May 2016. Retrieved 12 January 2018.

[13] "George III (r. 1760–1820)". royal.gov.uk. 31 December 2015. Archived from the original on 20 May 2018. Retrieved 12 January 2018.

[15] "King George IV (r. 1820–1830)". royal.gov.uk. 31 December 2015. Archived from the original on 19 August 2017. Retrieved 12 January 2018.

[17] "William IV (r. 1830–1837)". royal.gov.uk. 15 January 2016. Archived from the original on 21 September 2017. Retrieved 12 January 2018.

[19] "Victoria ( r. 1837–1901)". royal.gov.uk. 31 December 2015. Archived from the original on 25 January 2018. Retrieved 12 January 2018.

[21] "Edward VII (r. 1901–1910)". royal.gov.uk. 11 January 2016. Archived from the original on 25 January 2018. Retrieved 12 January 2018.

[22] "No. 30186". The London Gazette. 17 July 1917. p. 7119.

[25] "George V (r. 1910–1936)". royal.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 25 January 2018. Retrieved 12 January 2018.

[27] "Edward VIII (Jan–Dec 1936)". royal.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 7 May 2016. Retrieved 3 August 2010.

[29] "George VI (r. 1936–1952)". royal.gov.uk. 12 January 2016. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 12 January 2018.

[Queen_Elizabeth_death_BBC-31] "Queen Elizabeth II has died, Buckingham Palace announces". BBC News. 8 September 2022. Retrieved 8 September 2022.

[32] "Her Majesty The Queen". royal.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 23 August 2018. Retrieved 12 January 2018.

[33] Bridge, London (8 September 2022). "The King". The Royal Family. Retrieved 9 September 2022.

British royal titles
List of British monarchs List of British royal consorts
Titles	King Queen Prince Princess Prince of Wales Princess Princess Royal Royal Dukedoms Duke of Cambridge Duke of Cornwall Duchess Duke of Gloucester Duke of Kent Duchess Duke of Sussex Duke of Rothesay Duke of York Duchess Earl of Forfar Earl of Wessex
Inactive	Duke of Albany Duke of Clarence Duke of Clarence and Avondale Duke of Clarence and St Andrews Duke of Connaught and Strathearn Duke of Cumberland (Duchess) Duke of Cumberland and Strathearn Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale Duke of Edinburgh Duchess Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh Duke of Hereford Duke of Kendal Duke of Kent and Strathearn Duke of Lancaster Duke of Ross Duke of Windsor Duke of York and Albany Earl of Chester