Grand Prince of Kiev

The Grand Prince of Kiev (sometimes grand duke) was the title of the ruler of Kiev and the ruler of Kievan Rus' from the 10th to 13th centuries. In the 13th century, Kiev became an appanage principality first of the grand prince of Vladimir and the Mongol Golden Horde governors, and later was taken over by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

Grand Prince of Kiev
Details
First monarchVladimir the Great
Last monarchMichael of Chernigov
Formationunknown
Abolition1362

Princes of Kiev

Mythological rulers
Name Reign Notes
Kyi5th or 6th c.mythological founder of Kiev
Oleg9th c.relation to dynasty is debatable
Bravlin790srelation to Kiev and dynasty is debatable
Askold and Dir870sexistence debatable

According to Slavophiles, Kyi ruled since 430, one of the dates attributed to the legendary founding of Kiev in 482, although that date relates to Kovin on the Danube in Serbia. Some historians speculate that Kyi was a Slavic prince of eastern Polans in the 6th century. Kyi's legacy along with Shchek's is mentioned in the Book of Veles, the authenticity of which, however, is disputed.

Oleg, an apocryphal Kiev voivode, probably of Danish or Swedish origin, ruled under the overlordship of the Khazar Khaganate.

Bravlin was a Varangian prince or chieftain, who led a Rus military expedition to devastate the Crimea, from Kerch to Sugdaea, in the last years of the 8th century.

According to some Russian historians (i.e., Gleb S. Lebedev), Dir was a chacanus of Rhos (Rus khagan).[1] Thomas Noonan asserts that one of the Rus "sea-kings", the "High king", adopted the title khagan in the early 9th century.[2] Peter Benjamin Golden maintained that the Rus became a part of the Khazar federation, and that their ruler was officially accepted as a vassal khagan of the Khazar Khagan of Itil.[3]

Some western historians (i.e., Kevin Alan Brook) suppose that Kiev was founded by Khazars or Magyars. Kiev is a Turkic place name (Küi = riverbank + ev = settlement).[4] At least during the 8th and 9th centuries Kiev functioned as an outpost of the Khazar empire (a hill-fortress, called Sambat, "high place" in Old Turkic). According to Omeljan Pritsak, Constantine Zuckerman and other scholars, Khazars lost Kiev at the beginning of the 10th century.[5][6]

Rurik Dynasty

The Rurikids were descendants of Rurik (Rørikr), a Varangian (Viking) pagan chieftain.

Name Branch Born-Died Ruled From Ruled Until Notes
Oleg the Seer[7]?–912882912Relation to Rurik is debatable
Igor I?–945912945son of Rurik I
St.Olga[8]?–969945962(regent-consort)
Sviatoslav I[9]942–972962972son of Igor
Yaropolk I (Jaropolk)[10]958 (960?)–980972980One of the two Svyatoslav's sons

Grand princes of Kiev

Rurik Dynasty
Name Branch Born-Died Ruled From Ruled Until Notes
Vladimir I the Great958–10159801015One of the two Svyatoslav's sons; in 988 baptized the Rus
Sviatopolk I the Accursed[11]980–101910151019origin is debatable
Yaroslav I the Wise978–105410191054son of Vladimir the Great, jointly with Mstislav in 1024–36
Iziaslav I of Kiev1024–107810541073son of Yaroslav, first time (in 1068/69 lost state power to Polotsk princes)
Sviatoslav II of Kiev1027–107610731076son of Yaroslav
Iziaslav I of Kiev1024–107810761078second time, in 1075 Pope Gregory VII sent him a crown from Rome
Vsevolod I of Kiev1030–109310781093son of Yaroslav
Sviatopolk II of KievIzyaslavichi1050–111310931113son of Iziaslav I
Vladimir II MonomakhMonomakhovychi1053–112511131125son of Vsevolod I
Mstislav I the GreatMonomakhovychi1076–113211251132son of Vladimir II
Yaropolk IIMonomakhovychi1082–113911321139brother of Mstislav I
Viacheslav IMonomakhovychi1083–115411391139brother of Yaropolk II (first time)
Vsevolod IISvyatoslavichi?–114611391146son of Oleh Svyatoslavich
Igor IISvyatoslavichi?–114711461146brother of Vsevolod II
Iziaslav IIMonomakhovychi1097–115411461149son of Mstislav I (first time)
Yuri I DolgorukiyMonomakhovychi1099–115711491151(first time)
Viacheslav IMonomakhovychi1083–115411511154(second time) jointly
Iziaslav IIMonomakhovychi1097–1154(second time) jointly
Rostislav IMonomakhovychi1110–116711541154brother of Iziaslav II (first time)
Iziaslav IIISvyatoslavichi?–116211541155(first time)
Yuri I DolgorukiyMonomakhovychi1099–115711551157(second time)
Iziaslav IIISvyatoslavichi?–116211571158(second time)
Rostislav IMonomakhovychi1110–116711581167(second time) jointly with Iziaslav III in 1162
Mstislav IIIzyaslavichi (Monomakh)?–117211671169son of Iziaslav II (first time)
GlebYurievichi (Monomakh)?–117111691169son of Yuri Dolgorukiy (first time)
Mstislav IIIzyaslavichi (Monomakh)?–117211701170(second time)
GlebYurievichi (Monomakh)?–117111701171(second time)
Vladimir IIIMonomakhovychi1132–117111711171son of Mstislav I the Great
Michael IYurievichi (Monomakh)?–117611711171half-brother of Gleb
Roman IRostislavichi (Monomakh)?–118011711173son of Rostislav I (first time)
Vsevolod III the Big NestYurievichi (Monomakh)1154–121211731173brother of Michael I
Rurik IIRostislavichi (Monomakh)?–121511731173brother of Roman I (first time)
Sviatoslav IIIOlgovichi?–119411741174son of Vsevolod II (first time)
Yaroslav IIIzyaslavichi (Monomakh)?–118011741175son of Iziaslav II (first time)
Roman IRostislavichi (Monomakh)?–118011751177(second time)
Sviatoslav IIIOlgovichi?–119411771180(second time)
Yaroslav IIIzyaslavichi (Monomakh)?–118011801180(second time)
Rurik IIRostislavichi (Monomakh)?–121511801182(second time)
Sviatoslav IIIOlgovichi?–119411821194(third time)
Rurik IIRostislavichi (Monomakh)?–121511941202(third time)
Igor IIIIzyaslavichi (Monomakh)?–?12021202son of Yaroslav II (first time)
Rurik IIRostislavichi (Monomakh)?–121512031206jointly (fourth time)
Roman II the GreatIzyaslavichi (Monomakh)1160–1205son of Mstislav II, jointly (1203–05)
Rostislav IIRostislavichi (Monomakh)1173–1214son of Rurik II, jointly (1204–06)
Vsevolod IV the RedSvyatoslavichi (Olgovichi)?–121212061207son of Sviatoslav III (first time)
Rurik IIRostislavichi (Monomakh)?–121512071210(fifth time)
Vsevolod IV the RedSvyatoslavichi (Olgovichi)?–121212101212(second time)
Igor IIIIzyaslavichi (Monomakh)?–?12121214(second time)
Mstislav IIIRostislavichi (Monomakh)?–122312141223son of Roman I
Vladimir IVRostislavichi (Monomakh)1187–123912231235brother of Rostislav II
Iziaslav IVSiveria (Olgovichi) or
Rostislavichi (Monomakh)		1186–?12351236son of Vladimir Igorevich or Mstislav
Yaroslav IIIYurievichi (Monomakh)1191–124612361238son of Vsevolod the Big Nest (first time)
Michael IISvyatoslavichi (Olgovichi)1185–124612381239son of Vsevolod IV (first time)

Princes of Kiev (Mongol invasion)

Due to the Mongol invasion of 1240, Michael of Chernigov left Kiev to seek military assistance from King Béla IV of Hungary. During that time, the prince of Smolensk, Rostislav, occupied Kiev, but was captured the same year by Daniel of Galicia who placed his voivode Dmytro to guard Kiev while the grand prince was away. Being unsuccessful in Hungary, Michael visited Konrad I of Masovia. Receiving no results in Poland, he eventually asked Daniel of Galicia for asylum due to the Mongol invasion.

Name Branch Born-Died Ruled From Ruled Until Notes
Rostislav MikhailovichSmolensk (Rostislavichi)1210–126212391239son of Michael II
Voivode Dmytro12391240appointed by Daniel of Galicia
Michael IISvyatoslavichi (Olgovichi)1185–124612411243(second time)
Yaroslav IIIYurievichi (Monomakh)1191–124612431246(second time)
St. Alexander NevskyVladimirsky (Monomakh)1220–126312461263son of Yaroslav III
Yaroslav IVVladimirsky (Monomakh)1230–127112631271brother of Alexander
LevGalicia (Monomakh)1228–130112711301son of Daniel
Iziaslav IV|Siveria (Olgovichi)?–?1301?
Stanislav IvanovichSiveria (Olgovichi)1228–1301?1321

Alšėniškiai dynasty

Since the 14th century, the principality of Kiev started to fall under the influence of Grand Duchy of Lithuania. In 1299, the Metropolitan of Kiev Maximus moved his metropolitan see from Kiev to Vladimir-on-Klyazma. In 1321, after the battle on the Irpin River, Gediminas installed Mindgaugas, one of his subjects from the house of Olshanski, a descendant of the family of Vseslav of Polotsk that was exiled to the Byzantine Empire.

Name Branch Born-Died Ruled From Ruled Until Notes
Mindaugas Holshanski?–?13211324son of Holsha Romanovich
Algimantas-Michael?–?13241331[12]son of Mindaugas

Rurik dynasty

In 1331, Kiev was once again taken by a member of the Rurik dynasty (Olgovich branch), the prince of Putivl.

Name Branch Born-Died Ruled From Ruled Until Notes
Fyodor (Teodoras)Siverski (Olgovichi)?–?13311362son of Ivan

After the Battle of Blue Waters in 1362, Kiev and its surrounding areas were incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania by Grand Duke Algirdas.

Gediminids
Portrait Name Branch Born-Died Ruled From Ruled Until Notes
Vladimir V?–?13621394son of Algirdas
Skirgaila1354–139713951397son of Algirdas

Alšėniškiai
Name Branch Born-Died Ruled From Ruled Until Notes
Ivan?–?1397c. 1402son of Algimantas (in 1404–11 Jurgis Gedgaudas as voivode)
Andrew?–?c. 1412c. 1422son of Ivan
Michael IV?–1433c. 1422c. 1432son of Ivan
Michael V Boloban?–1435c. 1433c. 1435son of Simonas

Gediminas
Name Branch Born-Died Ruled From Ruled Until Notes
Boleslav1370–145214321440son of Algirdas
Alexander-Olelko?–145414431454son of Vladimir
Simon Olelkovich1418–147014541470son of Alexander

See also

References
  1. Duczko, Wladyslaw (2004). Viking Rus: Studies on the Presence of Scandinavians in Eastern Europe. Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. ISBN 90-04-13874-9
  2. Noonan, Thomas (2001). The Khazar Qaghanate and Its Impact on the Early Rus' State: The translatio imperii from Itil to Kiev. Nomads in the Sedentary World, Anatoly Mikhailovich Khazanov and Andre Wink, eds. p. 76-102. Richmond, England: Curzon. ISBN 0-7007-1370-0
  3. Golden, Peter Benjamin (1982). The Question of the Rus' Qaganate. Archivum Eurasiae Medii Aevi. pp. 77–92
  4. "An Introduction to the History of Khazaria". www.khazaria.com.
  5. Pritsak, Omeljan (1981). The origin of Rus. Cambridge, Mass.: Distributed by Harvard University Press for the Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute.
  6. Zuckerman, Constantine (2007). The Khazars and Byzantium – The First Encounter. In The World of the Khazars: New Perspectives – Selected Papers from the Jerusalem 1999 International Khazar Colloquium, eds. Peter Benjamin Golden, Haggai Ben-Shammai, and András Róna-Tas, pp. 399–432. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill.
  7. Sveerne (konung of Holmgård (Novgorod) and Kønugård (Kiev))
  8. Olga was first of Rurikid to be baptized by Emperor Constantine VII but failed to bring Christianity to Kiev
  9. Leszek Moczulski (2007). Narodziny Międzymorza. Bellona. p. 475.
  10. Ярополк is modern Ukrainian, Jaropełk is Polish, Jaropluk is Czech, Jaropelkas is Lithuanian, Iaropelkos is Greek, Jaropolk is German and Swedish.
  11. The Old Slavonic is Свѧтопълкъ in the Cyrillic alphabet, the modern Ukrainian is Святополк, Polish is Świętopełk, Czech is Svatopluk, and Slovak is Svätopluk. Reconstructed, his name is Sventopluk. More commonly, his name is given in its Latin and Frankish equivalents: Suentopolcus, Suatopluk, Zventopluk, Zwentibald, Zwentibold, Zuentibold, or Zuentibald.
  12. "Розділ 4.1. Леонтій Войтович. Князівські династії Східної Європи". izbornyk.org.ua. Retrieved 12 April 2018.
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