Armed Forces of Ukraine

By 1992, the Ukrainian Armed Forces had been completely inherited from the Soviet Union, in which Ukraine had been a member state (a union republic). Like other Soviet republics, it did not possess its own separate military command, as all military formations were uniformly subordinated to the central command of the Armed Forces of the USSR. Administratively, the Ukrainian SSR was divided into three Soviet military districts (the Carpathian Military District, Kyiv Military District, and Odesa Military District). Three Soviet air commands and most of the Black Sea Fleet naval bases were located on the coast of Ukraine.

When the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991 (see Novo-Ogaryovo process), the newly independent state of Ukraine inherited one of the most powerful force groupings in Europe. According to an associate of the Conflict Studies Research Centre, James Sherr: "This grouping, its inventory of equipment and its officer corps was designed for one purpose: to wage combined arms, coalition, offensive (and nuclear) warfare against NATO on an external front".[14] At that time, the former Soviet armed forces in the Ukrainian SSR included the 43rd Rocket Army, the 5th, 14th 17th and 24th Air Armies of the Soviet Air Forces, an air-defense army (8th Air Defence Army), three regular armies, two tank armies, the 32nd Army Corps, and the Black Sea Fleet.[15] Altogether the Armed Forces of Ukraine included about 780,000 personnel, 6,500 tanks, about 7,000 combat armored vehicles, 1,500 combat aircraft, and more than 350 ships. Along with their equipment and personnel, Ukraine's armed forces inherited the battle honors and lineage of the Soviet forces stationed in Ukraine. However, due to the deterioration of Russian-Ukrainian relations and the continued stigma of being associated with the Soviet Union, in 2015 the President of Ukraine ordered the removal of most of the citations awarded to the Ukrainian units during the Soviet era.[16]

In February 1991, a parliamentary Standing Commission for Questions of Security and Defense was established. On 24 August 1991, the Ukrainian parliament (the Verkhovna Rada), in adopting the Declaration of Independence of Ukraine, also enacted a short resolution "About military formations in Ukraine".[17] This took jurisdiction over all formations of the armed forces of the Soviet Union stationed on Ukrainian soil and established one of the key agencies, the Ukrainian Ministry of Defense.[18] On 3 September 1991, the Ministry of Defence commenced its duties. On 22 October 1991 units and formations of the Soviet Armed Forces on Ukrainian soil were nationalized.[19] Subsequently, the Supreme Council of Ukraine adopted two Laws of Ukraine on 6 December 1991,[20][21] and Presidential Decree #4 "About Armed Forces of Ukraine" on 12 December 1991.[22] The government of Ukraine surrendered any rights of succession to the Soviet Strategic Deterrence Forces[23] (see Strategic Missile Troops) that were staged on the territory of Ukraine. Recognizing the complications of a smooth transition and seeking a consensus with other former members of the Soviet Union in dividing up their Soviet military inheritance, Ukraine joined ongoing talks that started in December 1991[24] regarding a joint military command of the Commonwealth of Independent States.[25]

Inherent in the process of creating a domestic military were political decisions by the Ukrainian leadership regarding the country's non-nuclear and international status. Among these were the definition, agreement, and ratification of the 1990 Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (CFE) which not only established the maximum level of armament for each republic of the former USSR, but also a special ceiling for the so-called CFE "Flank Region". Included in this region were Ukraine's Mykolaiv, Kherson and Zaporizhzhia Oblasts, and the Autonomous Republic of Crimea. Another key event in the development of the Ukrainian military was the 1992 Tashkent Treaty, which laid out aspirations for a Commonwealth of Independent States military. This collective military proved impossible to develop because the former republics of the USSR all wished to go their own way, ripping the intricate Soviet military machine into pieces.

Ukraine had observer status with the Non-Aligned Movement of nation-states from 1996.[26] However, due to the 2014 Russian aggression against Ukraine, the Verkhovna Rada repealed this status in December 2014.[27]

A Tu-22M being dismantled through assistance provided by the Cooperative Threat Reduction Program implemented by the DTRA, 2002

Following the breakup of the Soviet Union, Ukraine inherited two divisions of the Strategic Rocket Forces' 43rd Rocket Army (HQ Vinnytsia): the 19th Rocket Division (Khmelnytskyi) (90 UR-100N/SS-19/RS-18) and the 46th Rocket Division at Pervomaisk, Mykolaiv Oblast, equipped with 40 SS-19 and 46 silo-mounted RT-23 Molodets/SS-24s.[28] While Ukraine had physical control of these systems, it did not have operational control. The use of the weapons was dependent on Russian-controlled electronic Permissive Action Links and the Russian command and control system.[29][30]

An SS-20 on display at the World War II Museum in Kyiv

Ukraine voluntarily gave up these and all other nuclear weapons during the early 1990s. This was the first time in history that a country voluntarily gave up the use of strategic nuclear weapons, although South Africa was dismantling its small tactical nuclear weapons program at about the same time.

Ukraine has plentiful amounts of highly enriched uranium, which the United States wanted to buy from the Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology. Ukraine also has two uranium mining and processing factories, a heavy water plant and technology for determining the isotopic composition of fissionable materials. Ukraine has deposits of uranium that are among the world's richest. In May 1992, Ukraine signed the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START I) in which the country agreed to give up all nuclear weapons and to join the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty as a non-nuclear weapon state. Ukraine ratified the treaty in 1994, and as of 1 January 1996, no military nuclear equipment or materials remain on Ukrainian territory.

On 13 May 1994, the United States and Ukraine signed a Memorandum of Understanding on the Transfer of Missile Equipment and Technology. This agreement committed Ukraine to the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) by controlling exports of missile-related equipment and technology according to the MTCR Guidelines.

Ukraine and NATO estimate that 2.5 million tons of conventional ammunition were left in Ukraine as the Soviet military withdrew, as well as more than 7 million rifles, pistols, mortars, and machine guns. The surplus weapons and ammunition were stored in over 180 military bases, including in bunkers, salt mines and in the open.[31] As of 2014, much of this surplus had not been scrapped.[32][33]

Marine of the Ukrainian Naval Infantry in a military exercise at Scotland, 2003

Ukraine's first military reforms began in December 1996, with the adoption of a new "State Program for the Building and Development of the Armed Forces of Ukraine". One of the aspects was to shrink the standard combat unit from division size to brigade size which would then fall under the command of one of the three newly created military district; the Western Operational Command, the Southern Operational Command, and the largest – the Northern Operational/Territorial Command.[34] Only Ukraine's 1st Airmobile Division was not downsized. This downsizing occurred purely for financial reasons, with the Ukrainian economy in recession this was a way to shrink the government (defense) expenditure and at the same time release hundreds of thousands of young people into the private sector to stimulate growth.[35] During this time Ukraine's military-industrial complex also began to develop new indigenous weapons for the armed forces like the T-84 tank, the BMP-1U, the BTR-3, KrAZ-6322, and the Antonov An-70. All these reforms were championed by Leonid Kuchma, the second President of Ukraine, who wanted to retain a capable military and a functioning military-industrial complex on the basis of a mistrust for Russia, stating once "The threat of Russification is a real concern for us".[36]

The cancellation of the modernization program left a question of how to provide jobs in the military industrial complex which then comprised a double-digit percentage of the GDP. Export of new and modernized weapons on the world's arms markets was settled on as the best option, where Ukraine both tried to undercut the contracts of the Russian arms industry – offering the same service for a cheaper price, and was willing to sell equipment to whoever was willing to pay (more than once to politically unstable or even aggressive regimes), causing negative reactions from both Western Europe and the United States federal government.[37] During this time 320 T-80 tanks were sold to Pakistan and an unfinished Soviet aircraft carrier the Varyag which today is known as the Chinese aircraft carrier Liaoning.[38]

Though the military was well-equipped, it still experienced lack of funds particularly for training and exercises, which led to a number of incidents with one notable one being the Siberia Airlines Flight 1812 of 2001 the other Sknyliv airshow disaster of 2002. Still, the military's effectiveness was demonstrated during the Tuzla Island Conflict. In 2003 Ukraine completed its first set of reforms which were judged largely successful, with the personnel numbers stabilizing at 295,000 of which 90,000 were civilian contractors.[39]

Armed Forces of Ukraine

Main branches Ground Forces Air Force Navy Airmobile Forces Special Operations Forces Other Corps National Guard Naval Infantry State Border Guard Service Territorial Defense Forces Related Services Ministry of Defence General Staff Ministry of Internal Affairs National Space Agency Intelligence Security Service Foreign Intelligence Service Military Intelligence Service History of the Ukrainian Military History of Ukraine History of Ukraine during WWII History of Ukraine during WWI

Ukrainian Airmobile Forces in 2011

Ukrainian military tactics and organization are heavily dependent on Cold War tactics and former Soviet Armed Forces organization. Under former President Yushchenko, Ukraine pursued a policy of independence from Russian dominance, and thus tried to fully integrate with the West, specifically NATO.

Ukrainian soldiers talking with a US Army soldier during the Rapid Trident 2011 military exercise

Until the Euromaidan crisis of 2014, Ukraine retained tight military relations with Russia, inherited from their common Soviet history. Common uses for naval bases in the Crimea and joint air defense efforts were the most intense cooperative efforts. This cooperation was a permanent irritant in bilateral relations, but Ukraine appeared economically dependent on Moscow, and thus unable to break such ties quickly. After the election of President Viktor Yanukovych, ties between Moscow and Kyiv warmed, and those between Kyiv and NATO cooled, relative to the Yushchenko years.

T-64BMs in Eastern Ukraine

In March 2014, following the Revolution of Dignity and the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation, the government of Ukraine announced a new military service, the National Guard of Ukraine. Previously, a National Guard had existed up until 2000, so the 2014 NG was a reformation of the one raised in 1991, but this time formed part of the Internal Troops of Ukraine.

In May 2014, when the Russian aggression started in the eastern regions, a helicopter with 14 soldiers on board, including General Serhiy Kulchytskiy, who headed combat and special training for the country's National Guard, was brought down by militants near Sloviansk in East Ukraine. Outgoing President Oleksandr Turchynov described the downing as a "terrorist attack," and blamed pro-Russian militants.[40]

In the early months of the Russo-Ukrainian War, the Armed Forces were widely criticised for their poor equipment and inept leadership, forcing Internal Affairs Ministry forces like the National Guard and the territorial defence battalions to take on the brunt of the fighting in the first months of the war.[41][42]

In late July 2015, the Ukrainian Defense Ministry revealed new Ukrainian Armed Forces uniform designs, and later a revised rank insignia system was created.[43] These made their national debut on 24 August 2016, at the National Independence Day Silver Jubilee parade in Independence Square, Kyiv.

From the early 1990s, the Armed Forces had a large number of units and formations with Soviet Armed Forces decorations dating back to the Second World War or earlier. Due to the decommunization process in Ukraine, all these decorations were removed from unit titles and regimental colours by 15 November 2015 to cease promotion and glorification of the Soviet symbols.[44][16] Ukraine also had retained a number of Guards units, also following a Soviet tradition. A list can be seen at List of guards units of Ukraine. On 22 August 2016, the "Guards" titles were removed from all unit and formation names.[45] Only one brigade, the 51st, a former Guards unit, had been dissolved the year before.

By February 2018, the Ukrainian armed forces were larger and better equipped than ever before, numbering 200,000 active-service military personnel and most of the volunteer soldiers of the territorial defence battalions have been integrated into the official Ukrainian army.[46]

A late 2017-early 2018 United Nations Human Rights Monitoring Mission in Ukraine reported that human rights abuses allegedly committed by Ukrainian security forces and armed groups remained an ongoing issue of the war in Donbas that erupted in 2014. The nature of the alleged crimes ranged from unlawful or arbitrary detention to torture, ill-treatment, and sexual violence. Within the reporting period of 16 November 2017 to 15 February 2018 the OHCHR monitoring mission documented 115 cases of credible allegations of human rights violations committed by both sides of the conflict since 2014.[47]

Operators of the Special Operations Forces, an independent branch of the armed forces founded in 2016

Ukraine's stated national policy is Euro-Atlantic integration, with the European Union. Ukraine has a "Distinctive Partnership" with NATO (see Enlargement of NATO) and has been an active participant in Partnership for Peace exercises and in peacekeeping in the Balkans. This close relationship with NATO has been most apparent in Ukrainian cooperation and combined peacekeeping operations with its neighbor Poland in Kosovo. Ukrainian servicemen also served under NATO command in Iraq, Afghanistan and in Operation Active Endeavour.[48] Former President of Ukraine Viktor Yanukovych considered the level of co-operation between Ukraine and NATO sufficient.[49] His predecessor Viktor Yushchenko had asked for Ukrainian membership by early 2008.[50][51] During the 2008 Bucharest summit, NATO had declared that Ukraine will become a member of NATO whenever it wants and when it meets the criteria for accession.[49] Yanukovych, however, opted to keep Ukraine a non-aligned state. This materialized on June 3, 2010, when the Verkhovna Rada excluded, with 226 votes, the goal of "integration into Euro-Atlantic security and NATO membership" from the country's national security strategy.[52] Amid the Euromaidan unrest, Yanukovych fled Ukraine in February 2014.[53]

Ukrainian Air Assault Forces paratroopers with new modernized equipment

The interim Yatsenyuk Government which came to power, initially said, with reference to the country's non-aligned status, that it had no plans to join NATO.[54] However, following the Russo-Ukrainian War and parliamentary elections in October 2014, the new government made joining NATO a priority.[55] On 23 December 2014, the Verkhovna Rada renounced Ukraine's non-aligned status[53][56] that "proved to be ineffective in guaranteeing Ukraine's security and protecting the country from external aggression and pressure".[57] The Ukrainian military is since transforming to NATO standards.[58] Prime Minister of Ukraine Arseniy Yatsenyuk stated early February 2016 that de facto the Armed Forces must, soon as possible, begin its transition for Ukrainian entry into NATO and towards NATO-capable armed forces.[58] President Volodymyr Zelenskyy made a renewed call to Western powers for NATO membership during the Russian buildup on the border in 2021 but was ultimately unsuccessful.[59]

Beginning Thursday, 24 February 2022, the Russian Armed Forces launched an invasion of Ukraine.[60] The Ukrainian Armed Forces, together with its auxiliary and wartime-affiliated organizations, have been participants of many of the combat actions of the current conflict. Alongside the combat actions, the influx of Western weapons and materiel to the Armed Forces from NATO member armed forces, ex-Soviet stock from many Eastern European nations as well as captured Russian tanks, armed vehicles and other weapons[61] have also resulted in an ongoing modernization and expansion of the forces at large.

The following establishments and institutions fall directly under MoD subordination:[69]

Structures directly subordinated to the Ukrainian Ministry of Defence

Ukrainian Ministry of Defence Apparatus, Kyiv

• Main Intelligence Directorate
• Security Service of the MoD
• Main Inspection
• Defence Policies Directorate
• Defence Information Policies and Strategic Communications Directorate
• Military Education and Science Department
• Military Technical Policies, Development and Military Weaponry and Equipment Department
• Internal Audit department
• Military Policies and Strategic Planning Department
• State Purchases and Deliveries of Material Resources Department
• Information Organisation Works and Control Department
• Personnel Policies Department
• International Defence Co-operation Department
• Social and Personnel Policies Support Department
• Financial Department
• Judicial Support Department
• Military Representations Directorate
• Anti-Corruption Directorate
• State Secrets Security Directorate
• Press and Information Directorate
• Physical Culture and Sport Directorate
• Control Measures Coordination Unit
• Mobilization Preparedness Unit

State Aviation Scientific Development Institute, Kyiv

State Scientific Test Center of the AFU (MU А4444), Honcharivsk, Chernihiv Oblast

Central Scientific Research Institute of the AFU (MU А0202), Kyiv

Central Military Weaponry and Equipment Scientific Research Institute of the UAF (MU А4566), Kyiv

Scientific Research Center of the Missile and Artillery Troops (MU А????), Sumy, Sumy Oblast

Scientific Research Center for Humanitarian Matters of the AFU (MU А2350), Kyiv

Central Directorate for Acquisition and Delivery of Material Supplies of the AFU, Kyiv

Codification Bureau (MU А2387), Kyiv

Military Delegations of the MoU

other directly subordinated units

The Chief of the General Staff oversees the Armed Forces of Ukraine. The following units fall under the direct supervision of the General Staff:

Apparatus [Office] of the Commander of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, Kyiv

Office of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, Kyiv

Units directly subordinated to the General Staff of the UAF:

• Joint Forces Command (MU А0135), Kyiv
• Main Command Center of the AFU (MU А0911), Kyiv
• Back-up Command Center of the AFU (MU А3258), Radomyshl, Zhytomyr Oblast
• 15th Airborne Command and Control Center of the General Staff of the UAF (MU А0905), Vinnytsia, Vinnytsia Oblast
• Main Directorate for Moral and Psychological Support of the AFU, Kyiv
• Main Directorate for Military Cooperation and Verification of the AFU, Kyiv
• Central Military Security Directorate, Kyiv
• Directorate for Career Development of NCO Personnel, Kyiv
• 101st Separate Security Brigade of the General Staff 'Colonel-General Henadii Vorobiov' (МУ А0139), Kyiv
• other units and establishments directly under the General Staff of the AFU

Military Educational Establishments and Units (directly under the MoD)

• National Defense University of Ukraine 'Ivan Chernyakhovsky', Kyiv
• Military Institute of the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv
• Zhytomyr Military Institute 'Sergei Korolev', Zhytomyr, Zhytomyr Oblast
  • 190th Training Center, Huyva, Zhytomyr Oblast
• Military Judicial Institute of the Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University, Kharkiv, Kharkiv Oblast
• Kyiv Military High School 'Ivan Bohun', Kyiv

Ukrainian T-64BM Bulat

As of 2016, there were a reported 169,000 personnel in the Ukrainian Ground Forces.[70] The 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine resulted in massive increases in personnel numbers; Defence Minister Resnikov stated the armed forces had a strength of 700,000 in July 2022, not counting the border guard, national guard, or police.[66] The Ukrainian Ground Forces are divided into Armoured and Mechanized Forces, Army Aviation, Army Air Defence and Rocket and Artillery Troops. There are 13 mechanized brigades and two mountain warfare brigades in the Mechanized Forces. Ukraine also has two armoured brigades. There are also seven rocket and artillery brigades. Until 2013, the Ground Forces were divided into three army corps. These were disbanded in 2013 and reorganized as Operation Command West, Operation Command North and Operation Command South. Operation Command East was formed in 2015 to coordinate forces in the war in Donbas.

Ukrainian Su-25

In 2016, the Ukrainian Air Force was reported to have included 36,300 personnel.[71][72]

The Krivak III-class frigate Hetman Sahaydachniy; the previous flagship of the Ukrainian Navy[73] before being scuttled in 2022.[74]

According to an August 2015 Kyiv Post report, the Ukrainian Navy consisted of 6,500 personnel.[75]

Air Assault Forces paratroopers

The Ukrainian Air Assault Forces are composed of 8 air landing, air assault and air-mobile brigades and support units. These are high-readiness ground units without air-assets and are considered elite within the armed forces.

Airborne and Air Assault Forces Command (MU А3771), Zhytomyr, Zhytomyr Oblast

• Support units
  • 135th Command Battalion, Zhytomyr, Zhytomyr Oblast
  • 347th Information and Telecommunications Nod, Zhytomyr, Zhytomyr Oblast
  • Airborne Forces Support Commandature
  • 132nd Reconnaissance Battalion, Ozerne Air Base, Zhytomyr Oblast
  • 102nd Storage for Airborne Vehicles and Equipment, Zhytomyr, Zhytomyr Oblast
  • 232nd Joint Supply Base, Rakhni village, Vinnytsia Oblast
  • 124th Topographic Unit, Zhytomyr, Zhytomyr Oblast (part of the Military Topographic Service (of the Support Forces Command) attached to the Air Assault and Airborne Forces)
• Combat forces
  • Airborne
    • 25th Airborne 'Sicheslavska' Brigade (MU А1126)
  • Air Assault
    • 45th Air Assault Brigade (MU A????), Bolhrad, Odessa Oblast
    • 46th Air Assault Brigade (MU A????), Poltava, Poltava Oblast
    • 79th Air Assault Brigade (MU А0224), Mykolaiv, Mykolaiv Oblast
    • 80th Air Assault Brigade (MU А0284), Lviv, Lviv Oblast and Chernivtsi, Chernivtsi Oblast
    • 95th Air Assault Brigade (MU А0281), Zhytomyr, Zhytomyr Oblast
  • air mobile
    • 81st Airmobile Brigade, Kramatorsk, Donetsk Oblast
  • 23rd Tank Battalion, Velikyi Kobilin, Zhytomyr Oblast
  • 148th Howitzer Self-Propelled Artillery Battalion, Zhytomyr, Zhytomyr Oblast
• Training units
  • 199th Training Center, Zhytomyr, Zhytomyr Oblast
    • 37th Combined Arms Training Range, Perlyavka village, Teterіvka District, Zhytomyr, Zhytomyr Oblast

Ukraine's special forces are reported as 4,000 strong.[2]

Special Operations Forces Command (Military Unit [MU] А0987), Kyiv

Ukrainian Special Operation Forces

• Command and combat support units:
  • 99th Command and Support Battalion (MU А3628), Berdychiv, Zhytomyr Oblast
  • 142nd Education and Training Center (MU А2772), Berdychiv, Zhytomyr Oblast
• Land warfare special purpose units:
  • 3rd Special Purpose Regiment 'Prince Sviatoslav the Brave' (MU А0680), Kropyvnytskyi, Kirovohrad Oblast
  • 8th Special Purpose Regiment 'Iziaslav Mstislavich' (MU A0553), Khmelnitskyi, Khmelnytskyi Oblast
  • 140th Special Operations Center (MU А0661), Khmelnitskyi, Khmelnytskyi Oblast
• Seaborne special purpose units:
  • 73rd Maritime Special Operations Center 'Kish otaman Antin Holovaty' (MU A3199), Pervomayskiy Island, Ochakiv, Mykolaiv Oblast
• Aviation special purpose units:
  • 35th Mixed Aviation Squadron, Havryshivka Air Base (Vinnytsia IAP), Vinnytsia Oblast

The Communications and Cybernetic Security Troops Command of the Ukrainian Armed Forces (Командування Військ зв'язку та кібернетичної безпеки Збройних Сил України) is a separate joint forces command under the General Staff since 5 February 2020.[76]

Signals and Cybernetic Security Troops Command (MU А0106), Kyiv

• Main Command Post of the Signals and Information Systems (MU А2666), Kyiv
• Main Center for Information and Telecommunications Systems Security Control (MU А0334), Kyiv
• Main Information and Telecommunications Nod (MU А0351), Kyiv
• 1st Separate Field 'Proskurov' Signals Nod (MU А0565), Kyiv
• 3rd Separate Signals Brigade (MU А0415), Semipolki, Kyiv Oblast
• 8th Separate Signals Regiment (MU А0707), Haisyn, Vinnytsia Oblast
• 330th Central Nod of the Feldjaeger-Postal [Field Courier] Service (MU А0168), Kyiv
• 1899th Central Base for Repair and Overhaul of Special Signals Equipment (MU А0476), Kyiv

training establishments and units

• Military Institute for Telecommunications and Information Automatization (MITIA) 'Heroes of Kruty', Kyiv
• Military College for NCO Personnel of the MITIA, Poltava, Poltava Oblast
• 179th Joint Education and Training Center of the Signals Troops (MU А3990), Poltava, Poltava Oblast

under other services and troops

• Signals and Information Systems Center of the Joint Forces Command of the Ukrainian Armed Forces, Kyiv
• Signals and Information Systems directorates to the headquarters of the ground forces, air force, navy, air landing and assault troops, special operations forces, territorial defence forces, support forces, logistical forces etc.

Since 1 January 2022,[77] the support forces have the status of a separate joint branch under the General Staff.

Support Forces Command (Military Unit Number А2330), Kyiv

• Central Directorate of Engineer Troops of the UAF (MU А0107), Kyiv
  • 20th Arsenal of the Engineer Troops (MU А0543), Olshanytsia, Kyiv Oblast and Nizhyn, Chernihiv Oblast
  • 47th Engineer Brigade (MU А2755), Dubno, Rivne Oblast
    • 301st Road Traffic Control Battalion
    • 304th Road Traffic Control Battalion
  • 48th Engineer 'Kamianets-Podilskaya' Brigade (MU А2738), Kamianets-Podilskyi, Khmelnytskyi Oblast
    • 11th Pontoon-Bridging Battalion
    • 308th Engineer Technical Battalion
    • 309th Engineer Technical Battalion
    • 310th Engineer Technical Battalion
    • 311th Engineer Technical Battalion
    • 321st Engineer Battalion
  • 70th Support Regiment (MU А0853), Bar, Vinnytsia Oblast
  • 107th Road Maintenance Center (MU А1519), Dubno, Rivne Oblast
  • 808th Support Regiment (MU А3955), Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi, Odessa Oblast Oblast
  • 3046th Central Base for Engineer Ammunitions (MU А2647), Malynivka, Kharkiv Oblast
  • Center for Special Engineering Works (MU А1333), Kyiv
• Central Directorate of the Nuclear, Biological, Chemical Defence Troops of the UAF (MU А0108), Kyiv
  • NBC Surveillance and Analysis Center, Kyiv
  • 704th Regiment of Radiological, Chemical, and Biological Protection (MU А0807), Sambir village, Lviv Oblast
  • 536th Central Base for Repair and Maintenance of NBC Defence Equipment (MU А0312), Seleshtina-1, Poltava Oblast
• Central Directorate for Radio-Electronic Warfare of the UAF (MU А0159), Kyiv
  • 55th Special EW Center (MU А0766), Kyiv and Brovary, Kyiv Oblast
• Central Directorate for Military Topography and Navigation of the UAF (MU А0115), Kyiv
  • 8th Publishing Center of the UAF (MU А0602), Kyiv
  • 13th Photogrammetric Center (MU А3674), Odessa, Odessa Oblast
  • 16th Planning Center for Navigation Support (MU А1423), Kyiv
  • 22nd Military Mapping Unit (MU А1121), Kharkiv, Kharkiv Oblast
  • 64th Topography-Geodesic Center (MU А4127), Shepetivka, Khmelnytskyi Oblast
  • 161st Topography-Geodesic Center (MU А2308), Chernivtsi, Chernivtsi Oblast
  • 115th Mapping Center (MU А3796), Kotsyubynske, Kyiv Oblast
• Hydro-Meteorological Center of the UAF(MU А0204), Kyiv
  • Hydro-meteorological units of the ground forces, air force and navy
• Training units
  • Joint Education and Training Center of the Support Forces (MU А2641), Kamianets-Podilskyi, Khmelnytskyi Oblast

Since 1 January 2022,[78] support forces have the status of a separate joint branch under the General Staff. The logistical forces are mainly organised in two arms – Weaponry and Rear Services.

Logistical Forces Command of the Ukrainian Armed Forces (MU А0307), Kyiv

• Armament Service of the UAF (MU А2513)
  • Central Support Directorate for Ground Weapons Systems
  • Central Support Directorate for Military Equipment
  • Central Support Directorate for Weapons of Mass Destruction
  • Central Missile and Artillery Directorate of the UAF (MU А0120)
  • Central Automobile DIrectorate of the UAF (MU А0119)
  • Central Armored Directorate of the UAF (MU А0174)
  • Department for Metrology and Standardization of the UAF (MU А2187)
• Rear Service of the Armed Forces of Ukraine (MU А2516)
  • Central Support Directorate for Fuel and Lubricants (MU А0125)
  • Central Support Directorate for Food Supply of the UAF (MU А0126)
  • Central Support Directorate for Material Support of the UAF (MU А0127)
  • Central Support Directorate for Resources Supply
  • Central Support Directorate for Technical Equipment and Property
  • Central Support Directorate for Engineering and Infrastructure
  • Central Directorate for Military Communications of the UAF (MU А0671)
• military units subordinated to the Armament Service
• military units subordinated to the Rear Service

Since January 1, 2022[79] the support forces have the status of a separate joint branch under the General Staff.

Medical Forces Command (MU А0928), Kyiv

• National Military Medical Clinical Center 'Main Military Clinical Hospital', Kyiv
  • 71st Mobile Military Hospital (MU А0358), Kyiv
  • Military Medical Clinical Center for Professional Patology (MU А2923), Irpin, Kyiv Oblast
  • Central Dental Policlinic, Kyiv
  • Center for Medical Rehabilitation and Sanatorium Treatment 'Pushcha-Voditsya' (MU А1931), Kyiv
• Military Medical Clinical Center of the Central Region (''Військово-медичний клінічний центр Центрального регіону'') (MU А????), Vinnytsia, Vinnytsia Oblast
  • 59th Mobile Military Hospital (MU А0206), Vinnytsia, Vinnytsia Oblast
  • 10th Military Hospital (MU А2339), Khmelnytskyi, Khmelnytskyi Oblast
  • 409th Military Hospital (MU А1065), Zhytomyr, Zhytomyr Oblast
  • 762nd Military Hospital (MU А3122), Bila Tserkva, Kyiv Oblast
  • ?th Military Hospital (MU А3267), Starokonstantyniv, Khmelnytskyi Oblast
  • 1314th Medical Storage (MU А1603), Balki village, Vinnytsia Oblast
  • Center for Medical Rehabilitation and Sanatorium Treatment 'Khmelnyk' (MU А1168), Khmelnyk, Vinnytsia Oblast
• Military Medical Clinical Center of the Southern Region (MU A????), Odessa, Odessa Oblast
  • 38th Military Hospital (MU А4615), Dnipro, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast
  • 61st Military Hospital (MU А0318), Mariupol, Mariupol Oblast
  • 450th Military Hospital (MU А3309), Zaporizhzhia, Zaporizhzhia Oblast
  • 1467th Military Hospital (MU А2428), Mykolaiv, Mykolaiv Oblast
  • 1644th Medical Storage (MU А4619), Hrushyvka village, Mykolaiv Oblast
  • Center for Medical Rehabilitation and Sanatorium Treatment 'Odesskyi', Odessa, Odessa Oblast
• Military Medical Clinical Center of the Northern Region (MU А3306), Kharkiv, Kharkiv Oblast
  • 65th Mobile Military Hospital (MU А0209), Kharkiv, Kharkiv Oblast
  • 9th Military Hospital (MU А4302), Desna, Chernihiv Oblast
  • 387th Garrison Military Hospital (MU А3114), Poltava, Poltava Oblast
  • 407th Military Hospital (MU А3120), Chernihiv, Chernihiv Oblast
• Military Medical Clinical Center of the Western Region, Lviv, Lviv Oblast
  • 66th Mobile Military Hospital (MU А0233), Lviv, Lviv Oblast
  • 376th Military Hospital (MU А1028), Chernivtsi, Chernivtsi Oblast
  • 498th Military Hospital (MU А4554), Lutsk, Volyn Oblast
  • 1121st Policlinic, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast
  • 1129th Garrison Military Hospital (MU А1446), Rivne, Rivne Oblast
  • 1397th Military Hospital (MU А1047), Mukachevo, Zakarpattia Oblast
  • Center for Medical Rehabilitation and Sanatorium Treatment 'Truskavetskyi' (MU А1700), Truskavets, Lviv Oblast
• Central Sanitary Epidemiologic Directorate (MU А2417), Kyiv
  • 10th Regional Sanitary Epidemiologic Detachment (MU А0972), Kyiv
  • 27th Regional Sanitary Epidemiologic Detachment (MU А4502), Odessa, Odessa Oblast
  • 28th Regional Sanitary Epidemiologic Detachment (MU А4520), Lviv, Lviv Oblast
  • 108th Regional Sanitary Epidemiologic Detachment (MU А4510), Kharkiv, Kharkiv Oblast
  • 740th Regional Sanitary Epidemiologic Detachment (MU А4516), Vinnytsia, Vinnytsia Oblast
• Center for Legal Expertise of the MoD, Kyiv
• 148th Center for Maintenance and Storage of Medical Equipment (MU А0211), Bila Tserkva, Kyiv Oblast
• 149th Center for Maintenance and Storage of Medical Equipment (MU А0503), Berdychiv, Zhytomyr Oblast
• 150th Center for Maintenance and Storage of Medical Equipment (MU А1209), Tokmak, Zaporizhzhia Oblast
• 151st Center for Maintenance and Storage of Medical Equipment (MU А2554), Terentyivka, Poltava Oblast
• 2160th Central Medical Storage (MU А1382), Mankhivka, Cherkasy Oblast
• 4962nd Central Medical Storage (MU А1952), Kyiv

Training establishments and units

• Ukrainian Military Medical Academy, Kyiv

Medical forces under other services and arms

• Medical departments of the ground forces, air force, navy, air assault troops, special forces, territorial defence, support forces, logistic forces, signals and cyber-security, etc.

The military police (named the Military Law Enforcement Service of the Ukrainian Armed Forces (Військова служба правопорядку Збройних Сил України), abbreviated VSP (ВСП) in Ukrainian) is a special military service outside General Staff control and subordinated directly to the Ministry of Defence.

Main Directorate of the VSP (MU А0880), Kyiv

• Counterincursion and Counterterror Department (Відділ протидії диверсіям та терористичним актам)

directly reporting:

• 93rd VSP Battalion (MU А2424), Kyiv
• 138th Special Purpose Center (Counterincursion and Counterterror) 'Knyaz Vladimir Svyatoslavich' (MU А0952), Vasylkiv, Kyiv Oblast
• 307th Disciplinary Battalion of the VPS (MU А0488), Kyiv
• 25th Training Center of the VSP (MU А1666), Lviv, Lviv Oblast

Territorial forces:

Central Directorate (direct responsibility over Kyiv and Kyiv Oblast) (MU А2100), Kyiv

• Bila Tserkva Zonal Office, Bila Tserkva, Kyiv Oblast
• Zhytomyr Zonal Unit (AOR: Zhytomyr Oblast), Zhytomyr, Zhytomyr Oblast
  • Novohrad-Volynsky Office
• Poltava Zonal Unit (AOR: Poltava and Sumy Oblasts), Poltava, Poltava Oblast
  • Sumy Zonal Office
  • Konotop VSP Group
• Cherkasy Zonal Unit (AOR: Cherkasy Oblast), Cherkasy, Cherkasy Oblast
  • Uman VSP Group, Uman, Cherkasy Oblast
• Chernihiv Zonal Unit (AOR: Chernihiv Oblast), Chernihiv, Chernihiv Oblast
  • Desna VSP Group, Desna, Chernihiv Oblast

Western Territorial Directorate (direct responsibility over Lviv Oblast) (MU А0583), Lviv, Lviv Oblast

• Special Purpose Unit
• Yavoriv Zonal Office
• 3rd Special Unit (MU А2736), Lviv, Lviv Oblast
• Rivne Zonal Unit (AOR: Rivne and Volyn Oblasts), Rivne, Rivne Oblast
  • Volodymyr-Volynskyi Zonal Office
• Ternopil Zonal Unit (AOR: Ternopil and Ivano-Frankivsk Oblasts), Ternopil, Ternopil Oblast
  • Ivano-Frankivsk Zonal Office
• Uzhhorod Zonal Unit (AOR: Zakarpattia Oblast), Uzhhorod
  • Mukachevo Zonal Office
• Khmelnytskyi Zonal Unit (AOR: Khmelnytskyi Oblast), Khmelnytskyi, Khmelnytskyi Oblast

Southern Territorial Directorate (direct responsibility over Odessa Oblast) (MU А1495), Odessa, Odessa Oblast

• Special Purpose Unit
• VSP Office Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi
• Vinnytsia Zonal Unit (AOR: Vinnytsia Oblast), Vinnytsia, Vinnytsia Oblast
  • Special Purpose Office
• Mykolaiv Zonal Unit (AOR: Mykolaiv and Kirovohrad Oblast), Mykolaiv, Mykolaiv Oblast
  • Kirovohrad Zonal Office
• Kherson Zonal Unit (AOR: Kherson Oblast), Kherson, Kherson Oblast

Eastern Territorial Directorate (direct responsibility over Dnipropetrovsk Oblast) (MU А2256), Dnipro, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast

• Kryvyi Rih Zonal Office
• VSP Office Cherkasy
• Special Unit 'Sarmat' (MU А2176), Zaporizhzhia, Zaporizhzhia Oblast
• Donetsk Zonal Unit (AOR: Donetsk Oblast), Kramatorsk, Donetsk Oblast
• Zaporizhzhia Zonal Unit (AOR: Zaporizhzhia Oblast), Zaporizhzhia, Zaporizhzhia Oblast
• Luhansk Zonal Unit (AOR: Luhansk Oblast), Severodonetsk, Luhansk Oblast
• Kharkiv Zonal Unit (AOR: Kharkiv Oblast), Kharkiv, Kharkiv Oblast
  • Chuhuiv Office

Cadets of the NDUU marching in the 2017 Kyiv Independence Day Parade

A number of universities have specialized military institutes, such as the Faculty of Military Legal Studies at Kharkiv's National Yaroslav Mudryi Law Academy of Ukraine. The primary Ukrainian military academies are:

• Hetman Petro Sahaidachnyi National Ground Forces Academy, Lviv
• Admiral Pavel Nakhimov Naval Academy, Sevastopol
  • transferred to Mykolaiv
• Ivan Kozhedub National Air Force University, Kharkiv

In addition the Ivan Chernyakhovsky National Defense University of Ukraine is in Kyiv.[80]

The Central Hospital of the Armed Forces is located in Kyiv.[81]

The armed forces' military high school is located in Kyiv – the Ivan Bohun Military High School.

In 2017 more than 14 thousand people signed up for contract service with the Armed Forces.[82]

For participating in the war in Donbas, (in May 2017 7.5 thousand) soldiers on the front line receive an average salary of ₴16,000.[82] The minimum maintenance for a contract soldier is ₴7,000.[82]

West Ukraine supplies the fewest people for contract service.[82]

The Soviet Union required all able-bodied male citizens to serve two years in the armed forces (three years if drafted into the navy), although the draft could be postponed due to continued higher education. It was possible to be drafted into non-Ministry of Defense military forces, such as the KGB Border Guards, the Militsiya, or the Internal Troops. When Ukraine gained its independence, it retained the policy of conscription, although the time in service was reduced to 18 months in the navy and one year in all other services. Ukraine also gradually began recruiting professional soldiers, although in almost all cases a person had to serve as a conscript prior to becoming a professional soldier. The Ukrainian Naval Infantry was the first service to convert to being staffed by fully professional marines.

In October 2013, President Viktor Yanukovych ended conscription in Ukraine. At the time 60% of Ukraine's forces were composed of professional soldiers.[83] However, due to the Russo-Ukrainian War, conscription, as well as a partial mobilization, was reinstated in 2014.[84] Ukraine modified the age group of males eligible for conscription for 2015 from 18–25 to the 20–27 age group.[85]

After serving out the term of service Ukraine's conscripts become part of the inactive reserve and are eligible to be recalled for mobilization until they reach age 55, age 60 for officers. Due to the War in Donbas, Ukraine has instated a partial mobilization to fill needed positions in its armed forces, recalling conscripts who have served before, because of the war many conscripts have also been forced to serve longer than their original 18-month term of service.[86] It was planned that in 2015 Ukraine would undergo three waves of partial mobilization, this would have allowed new troops to replace those serving longer than their original term of service.[87]

Due to the reintroduction of conscription, and partial mobilization, Ukraine's armed forces is expected to nearly double from approximately 130,000 personnel in December 2014 to approximately 250,000 personnel in 2015.

All medical workers in Ukraine, regardless of gender, are eligible to be called up for service in case of a national emergency.

Draft dodging is present in Ukraine, as with most nations using the draft. It was reported that between April and August 2014, over 1,000 criminal inquires into draft evasion were opened in Ukraine.[88] Draft evasion can be problematic because, unless a male citizen was unable to serve for medical reasons, an application to receive an international passport of Ukraine may be denied due to a lack of military service, thus preventing the individual from traveling abroad.[89]

In the autumn of 2016, longer deployment of mobilized servicemen to combat area in the east of Ukraine was ceased.[90]

On 1 February 2022, President Volodymyr Zelenskyy announced the changing of the military training system, leading to the end of conscription by 1 January 2024.[91] By the same date, there would be an increase in the number of professional servicemen by 100,000, to be achieved by better pay, with all military personnel to be guaranteed at least three times the minimum wage, and better housing provision.[92] However, the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine has upended these plans, along with massive popular mobilization into the Territorial Defence Forces. On 28 February 2022, President Zelenskyy offered release for prisoners with combat experience if they join the fight against Russia.[93]

Female military personnel at the Kyiv Independence Day Parade on 24 August 2018

On 3 June 2016, Defense Ministry's Order No. 292 allowed women to serve in combat units.[94]

According to Defense Ministry figures early June 2016 some 49,500 women served in and worked in the Ukrainian military; more than 17,000 were military servicewomen, of which more than 2,000 officers.[94] In 2020 58,000 women served in the Armed Forces of Ukraine.[95]

Women have also joined the various volunteer territorial defense battalions before the order for women's integration in the armed forces was enacted.[94] Women are eligible to be drafted into the military as officers.[96] In 2009 women comprised almost 13% of the armed forces (18,000 personnel) but with few females holding high rank (2.9% or 1,202 women).[97] Contractual military service accounted for almost 44% of women. However, this being closely linked to the low salary of such positions: men refuse to serve in these conditions while women accept them.[97]

For the first time in 27 years, a battalion of 120 female military personnel, comprising cadets from the Taras Shevchenko National University Military Institute and the Military Institute of Telecommunications and Information Technologies, participated in the Kyiv Independence Day Parade in August 2018.[98][99] Their appearance as they marched along Khreshchatyk was greeted with loud applause from the spectators.[100]

In September 2018, legislation was passed to make both women and men equal in the military and law enforcement agencies.[101] The following month Liudmyla Shugaley became Ukraine's first female general (she was appointed the head of the Military Medical Directorate of the Security Service of Ukraine).[101]

Since 2019, the Ivan Bohun Military High School accepts both male and female cadets.

Nadiya Savchenko is perhaps one of the most well-known female Ukrainian soldiers, and was held as a prisoner in Russia from July 2014 until May 2016.[102]

•  Democratic Republic of the Congo: (MONUSCO) – 12 Experts on Mission and four Mi-24 helicopters[107][111][112][113]
•  Kosovo: (KFOR) – 128 Soldiers[107][114]
•  Kosovo: (UNMIK) – 1 Military Liaison Component Chief of Staff, 1 liaison officer[107][111]
•  Liberia: (UNMIL) – 277 Contingent Troops, 2 Experts on Mission[107][111]
•  Moldova: (Transnistria) – 10 Military Observers[107]
•  Sudan: (UNMIS) – 9 Experts on Mission[107][111]
•  Mali (20)

On 2 March 2014, the Ukrainian Armed Forces were placed on full alert following a Russian military intervention in Crimea.[115]

On 19 March 2014, Ukraine drew plans to withdraw all its troops and their families to the mainland "quickly and efficiently".[116]

(Defense budget only, not "Security and Defense" combined)[133][134]

• 2003: $1.01 Billion (UAH 5.06 billion @5.0 exchange rate)[135]
• 2004: $1.29 Billion (UAH 6.46 billion @5.0 exchange rate)[135]
• 2005: $1.23 Billion (UAH 6.16 billion @5.0 exchange rate)[135]
• 2006: $1.47 Billion (UAH 7.35 billion @5.0 exchange rate)[135]
• 2007: $2.12 Billion (UAH 10.6 billion @5.0 exchange rate)[135]
• 2008: $1.78 Billion (UAH 8.926 billion @5.0 exchange rate)[136]
• 2009: $0.93 Billion (UAH 7.4 billion @8.0 exchange rate)[137]
• 2010: $1.63 Billion (UAH 13.1 billion @8.0 exchange rate)[138]
• 2011: $1.82 Billion (UAH 14.6 billion @8.0 exchange rate)[139]
• 2012: $2.05 Billion (UAH 16.4 billion @8.0 exchange rate)[140]
• 2013: $1.88 Billion (UAH 15.3 billion @8.1 exchange rate)[141]
• 2014: $1.37 Billion (UAH 15.1 billion @11.0 exchange rate)[142]
• 2015: $1.91 Billion (UAH 40.2 billion @21.0 exchange rate)[142]
• 2016: $2.11 Billion (UAH 56 billion)[143]
• 2017: $2.65 Billion (UAH 69 billion)[144]
• 2018: $3.20 Billion (UAH 83.3 billion)[144]
• 2019: $4.08 Billion (UAH 102 billion)[144]
• 2020: $5.2 billion (UAH 130 billion)[145]
• 2021: $4.9 billion (UAH 121.7 billion)[146]
• 2022: $8.3 billion[147]

"Security and Defense" combined budget apart from Department of Defense (Defense Ministry) for Armed Forces of Ukraine, also includes expenses for Police, Customs, and Border Control.