Government of Russia
The Government of Russia exercises executive power in the Russian Federation. The members of the government are the prime minister, the deputy prime ministers, and the federal ministers.[1] It has its legal basis in the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the federal constitutional law "On the Government of the Russian Federation".[2] The Apparatus of the Government of Russia is a governmental body which administrates the activities of the government.
Government of the Russian Federation | |
---|---|
Прави́тельство Росси́йской Федера́ции | |
![]() | |
Overview | |
Established | 12 June 1990 (as the Government of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic) 12 December 1993 (current form) |
State | Russia |
Leader | Prime Minister |
Appointed by | President |
Main organ | Council of Ministers |
Ministries | 21 |
Responsible to | State Duma President |
Headquarters | Moscow |
Website | Government.ru |
According to the 1991 amendment to the 1978 constitution, the President of Russia was the head of the executive branch and headed the Council of Ministers of Russia. According to the current 1993 constitution, the president is not a part of the government of Russia, which exercises executive power. However, the president appoints the prime minister.
History
The large body was preceded by Government of the Soviet Union. Since the Russian Federation emerged from 1991 to 1992, the government's structure has undergone several major changes. In the initial years, a large number of government bodies, primarily the different ministries, underwent massive reorganization as the old Soviet governing networks were adapted to the new state. Many reshuffles and renamings occurred.
On 28 November 1991, President of the RSFSR Boris Yeltsin signed presidential decree No.242 "On the reorganization of the government bodies of the RSFSR". Yeltsin officially declared the end of the Soviet Union and became the President of the Russian Federation. Yeltsin was a reformer and promised Western-styled democracy.
In 1993, the new Russian Constitution was adopted. The new Constitution gained legitimacy through its bicameral legislature, an independent judiciary, the position of the president and the prime minister, and democratic features. These democratic features included competitive multi-party elections, separation of powers, federalism, and protection of civil liberties.
In 1999, Yeltsin appointed Vladimir Putin as the Prime Minister. Later in that year, Yeltsin resigned from the presidency and Putin took over as the Acting President. In a highly biased 2000 election,[3] Putin won the presidential election.
The most recent change took place on 21 January 2020, when President Vladimir Putin signed a presidential decree on forming Mikhail Mishustin's Cabinet.[4]
Responsibilities and power
![]() |
---|
![]()
|
The Government is the subject of the 6th chapter of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. According to the constitution, the government of the Russian Federation must:
- Draft and submit the federal budget to the State Duma; ensure the implementation of the budget and report on its implementation to the State Duma;
- Ensure the implementation of a uniform financial, credit and monetary policy in the Russian Federation ;
- Ensure the implementation of a uniform state policy in the areas of culture, science, education, health protection, social security and ecology;
- Manage federal property;
- Adopt measures to ensure the country's defense, state security, and the implementation of the foreign policy of the Russian Federation;
- Implement measures to ensure the rule of law, human rights and freedoms, the protection of property and public order, and crime control;
- Exercise any other powers vested in it by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal laws and presidential decrees.[5]
The government issues its acts in the way of decisions (Постановления) and orders (Распоряжения). These must not contradict the constitution, federal constitutional laws, federal laws, and Presidential decrees, and are signed by the Prime Minister.
The Government, also assists the Prime Minister, in faithfully carrying out the country's domestic and foreign policy as determined by the President, in general.
Current Cabinet
Portfolio | Minister | Took office | Left office | Party | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Prime Minister | Mikhail Mishustin | 16 January 2020 | Incumbent | Independent | |
First Deputy Prime Minister for Finance, Economy and National Projects | Andrey Belousov | 21 January 2020 | Incumbent | Independent | |
Deputy Prime Minister for Agro-Industrial Complex, Natural Resources and Ecology | Viktoria Abramchenko | 21 January 2020 | Incumbent | United Russia | |
Deputy Prime Minister – Chief of Staff of the Government | Dmitry Grigorenko | 21 January 2020 | Incumbent | Independent | |
Deputy Prime Minister for Construction and Regional Development | Marat Khusnullin | 21 January 2020 | Incumbent | Independent | |
Deputy Prime Minister for Eurasian Integration, cooperation with the CIS, BRICS, G20 and International Events | Alexey Overchuk | 21 January 2020 | Incumbent | Independent | |
Deputy Prime Minister for Fuel–Energy Complex | Alexander Novak | 10 November 2020 | Incumbent | United Russia | |
Deputy Prime Minister for Defense and Space Industry | Denis Manturov | 15 July 2022 | Incumbent | United Russia | |
Deputy Prime Minister – Presidential Envoy to the Far Eastern Federal District | Yury Trutnev | 21 January 2020 | Incumbent | United Russia | |
Deputy Prime Minister for Social Policy | Tatyana Golikova | 21 January 2020 | Incumbent | United Russia | |
Deputy Prime Minister for Tourism, Sport, Culture and Communications | Dmitry Chernyshenko | 21 January 2020 | Incumbent | Independent | |
Minister of Agriculture | Dmitry Patrushev | 21 January 2020 | Incumbent | Independent | |
Minister of Digital Development, Communications and Mass Media | Maxut Shadayev | 21 January 2020 | Incumbent | Independent | |
Minister of Construction, Housing and Utilities | Irek Faizullin | 10 November 2020 | Incumbent | Independent | |
Minister of Culture | Olga Lyubimova | 21 January 2020 | Incumbent | Independent | |
Minister of Defence | Sergei Shoigu | 21 January 2020 | Incumbent | United Russia | |
Minister for the Development of the Russian Far East and Arctic | Aleksey Chekunkov | 10 November 2020 | Incumbent | Independent | |
Minister of Economic Development | Maxim Reshetnikov | 21 January 2020 | Incumbent | United Russia | |
Minister of Education | Sergey Kravtsov | 21 January 2020 | Incumbent | Independent | |
Minister of Emergency Situations | Aleksandr Kurenkov | 25 May 2022 | Incumbent | Independent | |
Minister of Energy | Nikolay Shulginov | 10 November 2020 | Incumbent | Independent | |
Minister of Finance | Anton Siluanov | 21 January 2020 | Incumbent | United Russia | |
Minister of Foreign Affairs | 21 January 2020 | Incumbent | United Russia | ||
Minister of Health | Mikhail Murashko | 21 January 2020 | Incumbent | Independent | |
Minister of Industry and Trade | Denis Manturov | 21 January 2020 | Incumbent | United Russia | |
Minister of Internal Affairs | Vladimir Kolokoltsev | 21 January 2020 | Incumbent | Independent | |
Minister of Justice | Konstantin Chuychenko | 21 January 2020 | Incumbent | United Russia | |
Minister of Labour and Social Protection | Anton Kotyakov | 21 January 2020 | Incumbent | Independent | |
Minister of Natural Resources and Ecology | Alexander Kozlov | 10 November 2020 | Incumbent | United Russia | |
Minister of Science and Higher Education | Valery Falkov | 21 January 2020 | Incumbent | United Russia | |
Minister of Sport | Oleg Matytsin | 21 January 2020 | Incumbent | Independent | |
Minister of Transport | Vitaly Saveliev | 10 November 2020 | Incumbent | United Russia |
Lists of ministers
- List of prime ministers
- List of first deputy prime ministers
- List of deputy prime ministers
- List of defence ministers
- List of economy ministers
- List of finance ministers
- List of justice ministers
- List of foreign ministers
- List of interior ministers
- List of emergency ministers
- List of health ministers
- List of culture ministers
- List of energy ministers
- List of environmental ministers
See also
- Security Council of Russia
- List of heads of government of Russia
- Government of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
- Government of the Soviet Union
- Russian Foreign Services
- Russia under Vladimir Putin
References
- Chapter 6 of the Russian constitution states that the "Government of the Russian Federation consists of the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation [Prime Minister], Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation and federal ministries."
- Russian Government web portal – Text of 1997 Federal Constitutional Law "On the Government of the Russian Federation" (in Russian)
- "Russia's 2000 Presidential Elections: Implications for Russian Democracy and U.S.-Russian Relations".
- "Putin Leaves Cabinet Little-Changed, Brings In Close Ally's Son". RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. Retrieved May 18, 2018.
- The Constitution of the Russian Federation: Chapter 6 Archived October 18, 2008, at the Wayback Machine