List of largest cities
The United Nations uses three definitions for what constitutes a city, as not all cities in all jurisdictions are classified using the same criteria. Cities may be defined as the cities proper, the extent of their urban area, or their metropolitan regions. The largest city by population using the city proper definition, which is the area under the administrative boundaries of a local government, is Chongqing, China. The largest city by population using the metropolitan area definition, which is a loose term referring to urban area and its primary commuter areas, is Tokyo, Japan. The largest city by population using the urban area definition, which is a loose term referring to a contiguous area with a certain population density, is also Tokyo, Japan.
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Definitions
City proper (administrative)
A city can be defined by its administrative boundaries (city proper). UNICEF defines city proper as "the population living within the administrative boundaries of a city or controlled directly from the city by a single authority." A city proper is a locality defined according to legal or political boundaries and an administratively recognised urban status that is usually characterised by some form of local government.[1][2][3] Cities proper and their boundaries and population data may not include suburbs.[4]
The use of city proper as defined by administrative boundaries may not include suburban areas where an important proportion of the population working or studying in the city lives.[4] Because of this definition, the city proper population figure may differ greatly with the urban area population figure, as many cities are amalgamations of smaller municipalities (Australia), and conversely, many Chinese cities govern territories that extend well beyond the traditional "city proper" into suburban and rural areas.[5] The Chinese municipality of Chongqing, which claims the largest city proper in the world by population, comprises a huge administrative area of 82,403 km2, around the size of Austria. However, more than 70% of its 30-million population are actually agricultural workers living in a rural setting.[6][7]
Urban area
A city can be defined as a conditionally contiguous urban area, without regard to territorial or other boundaries inside an urban area. UNICEF defines urban area as follows:
The definition of "urban" varies from country to country, and, with periodic reclassification, can also vary within one country over time, making direct comparisons difficult. An urban area can be defined by one or more of the following: administrative criteria or political boundaries (e.g., area within the jurisdiction of a municipality or town committee), a threshold population size (where the minimum for an urban settlement is typically in the region of 2,000 people, although this varies globally between 200 and 50,000), population density, economic function (e.g., where a significant majority of the population is not primarily engaged in agriculture, or where there is surplus employment) or the presence of urban characteristics (e.g., paved streets, electric lighting, sewerage).
According to Demographia, an urban area is a continuously built up land mass of urban development that is within a labor market (metropolitan area or metropolitan region) and contains no rural land.[8]
Metropolitan area
Tokyo is widely considered the world's largest city (by urban area and metropolitan area). The satellite image shows that its urbanization has exceeded its city limits.
A city can be defined by the inhabitants of its demographic population, as by metropolitan area, or labour market area. UNICEF defines metropolitan area as follows:
A formal local government area comprising the urban area as a whole and its primary commuter areas, typically formed around a city with a large concentration of people (i.e., a population of at least 100,000). In addition to the city proper, a metropolitan area includes both the surrounding territory with urban levels of residential density and some additional lower-density areas that are adjacent to and linked to the city (e.g., through frequent transport, road linkages or commuting facilities).
In many countries, metropolitan areas are established either with an official organisation or only for statistical purposes. In the United States, metropolitan statistical area (MSA) is defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget (OMB) for statistical purposes.[9] In the Philippines, metropolitan areas have an official agency, such as Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA) which manages Manila metropolitan area.[10] Similar agencies exist in Indonesia such as Jabodetabekjur Development Cooperation Agency for Jakarta metropolitan area.[11]
List
There are 81 cities with a population over 5 million people according to the United Nations 2018 estimates. The UN figures are a mixture of city proper, metropolitan area, and urban area. Several cities such as Jakarta and Seoul have significantly larger metropolitan/urban population figures which are excluded in the UN data.
[12]
Tokyo has a population of 39 million (urban area)
Jakarta has a population of 35 million (urban area)
Chongqing has a population of 32 million (city proper)
Delhi has a population of a 28 million (urban area)
Shanghai has a population of 25.58 million (city proper).jpg.webp)
Seoul has a population of 25.51 million (metropolitan area)
Mumbai has a population of 24 million (metropolitan area)_(Manila)(2018-02-07).jpg.webp)
Manila has a population of 23.97 million (urban area)
New York City has a population of 23.58 million (urban area)
São Paulo has a population of 22.50 million (urban area).jpg.webp)
Beijing has a population of 21.89 million (city proper)_(cropped).jpg.webp)
Mexico City has a population of 21.80 million (metropolitan area)
| City[lower-alpha 1] | Country | UN 2018 population estimates[lower-alpha 2] | City proper[lower-alpha 3] | Urban area[8] | Metropolitan area[lower-alpha 4] | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Definition | Population | Area (km2) |
Density (/km2) |
Population | Area (km2) |
Density (/km2) |
Population | Area (km2) |
Density (/km2) | |||
| Tokyo |  Japan |
37,468,000 | Metropolis prefecture | 13,515,271 | 2,191 | 6,169 [13] |
39,105,000 | 8,231 | 4,751 [lower-alpha 5] |
37,274,000 | 13,452 | 2,771 [14] |
| Delhi |  India |
28,514,000 | Capital City | 16,753,235 | 1,484 | 11,289 [15] |
31,870,000 | 2,233 | 14,272 [lower-alpha 6] |
29,000,000 | 3,483 | 8,326 [16] |
| Shanghai |  China |
25,582,000 | Municipality | 24,870,895 | 6,341 | 3,922 [17][18] |
22,118,000 | 4,069 | 5,436 [lower-alpha 7] |
— | — | — |
| São Paulo |  Brazil |
21,650,000 | Municipality | 12,252,023 | 1,521 | 8,055 [19] |
22,495,000 | 3,237 | 6,949 [lower-alpha 8] |
21,734,682 | 7,947 | 2,735 [20] |
| Mexico City |  Mexico |
21,581,000 | City-state | 9,209,944 | 1,485 | 6,202 [21] |
21,505,000 | 2,385 | 9,017 | 21,804,515 | 7,866 | 2,772 [22] |
| Cairo |  Egypt |
20,076,000 | Urban governorate | 9,500,000 | 3,085 | 3,079 [23] |
19,787,000 | 2,010 | 9,844 | — | — | — |
| Mumbai | India |
19,980,000 | Municipal corporation | 12,478,447 | 603 | 20,694 [24] |
22,186,000 | 1,008 | 22,010 [25][lower-alpha 9] |
24,400,000 | 4,355 | 5,603 [26] |
| Beijing | China |
19,618,000 | Municipality | 21,893,095 | 16,411 | 1,334 [17][18] |
19,437,000 | 4,172 | 4,659 | — | — | — |
| Dhaka |  Bangladesh |
19,578,000 | Capital city | 8,906,039 | 338 | 26,349 [27][28] |
16,839,000 | 456 | 36,928 | 14,543,124 [29] |
— | — |
| Osaka | Japan |
19,281,000 | Designated city | 2,725,006 | 225 | 12,111 [13] |
15,490,000 | 3,020 | 5,129 [lower-alpha 10] |
19,303,000 | 13,228 | 1,459 [14] |
| New York |  United States |
18,819,000 | City | 8,804,190 | 778 | 11,316 [30] |
23,582,649 | 34,493 | 684 [lower-alpha 11] |
20,140,470 | 12,093 | 1,665 [31] |
| Karachi |  Pakistan |
15,400,000 | Metropolitan city | 14,910,352 | 3,530 | 4,224 [32][33] |
15,292,000 | 1,044 | 14,648 [34] |
16,051,521 | 3,780 | 4,246 [35] |
| Buenos Aires |  Argentina |
14,967,000 | Autonomous city | 3,054,300 | 203 | 15,046 [36] |
16,216,000 | 3,222 | 5,033 | 12,806,866 [37] |
— | — |
| Chongqing | China |
14,838,000 | Municipality | 32,054,159 | 82,403 | 389 [38][18] |
8,261,000 | 1,536 | 5,378 | — | — | — |
| Istanbul |  Turkey |
14,751,000 | Metropolitan municipality | 15,519,267 | 5,196 | 2,987 [39] |
15,311,000 | 1,375 | 11,135 | — | — | — |
| Kolkata | India |
14,681,000 | Municipal corporation | 4,496,694 | 205 | 21,935 [40] |
18,698,000 | 1,352 | 13,830 [41] |
14,035,959 | 1,851 | 7,583 [42] |
| Manila |  Philippines |
13,482,000 | Capital city | 1,780,148 | 43 | 41,399 [43] |
23,971,000 | 1,873 | 12,798 [lower-alpha 12] |
12,877,253 | 620 | 20,770 [43] |
| Lagos |  Nigeria |
13,463,000 | Metropolitan city | — | — | — | 15,487,000 | 1,966 | 7,877 | 21,000,000 | 1,171 | 17,933 [44] |
| Rio de Janeiro | Brazil |
13,293,000 | Municipality | 6,520,000 | 1,221 | 5,340 [45] |
12,486,000 | 2,020 | 6,181 | 12,644,321 | 5,327 | 2,374 [46] |
| Tianjin | China |
13,215,000 | Municipality | 13,866,009 | 11,920 | 1,163 [17][18] |
10,932,000 | 2,813 | 3,886 | — | — | — |
| Kinshasa |  DR Congo |
13,171,000 | City-province | 11,462,000 | 9,965 | 1,150 [47] |
15,056,000 | 466 | 32,309 | — | — | — |
| Guangzhou | China |
12,638,000 | City (sub-provincial) | 14,498,400 | 7,434 | 1,950 [17] |
21,489,000 | 4,341 | 4,950 [lower-alpha 13] |
— | — | — |
| Los Angeles | United States |
12,458,000 | City | 3,990,456 | 1,214 | 3,287 [30] |
15,477,000 | 6,351 | 2,437 | 13,291,486 | 12,559 | 1,058 [48] |
| Moscow |  Russia |
12,410,000 | Federal city | 13,200,000 | 2,511 | 5,257 [49][50] |
17,693,000 | 5,879 | 3,010 | 20,004,462 [51] |
— | — |
| Shenzhen | China |
11,908,000 | City (sub-provincial) | 12,528,300 | 2,050 | 6,111 [17] |
14,678,000 | 1,803 | 8,141 | — | — | — |
| Lahore | Pakistan |
11,738,000 | Metropolitan city | 11,126,000 | 1,772 | 6,279 [32] |
11,148,000 | 852 | 13,085 | — | — | — |
| Bangalore | India |
11,440,000 | Municipal corporation | 8,443,675 | 709 | 11,909 [52] |
13,999,000 | 1,204 | 11,627 | — | — | — |
| Paris |  France |
10,901,000 | Commune | 2,148,271 | 105 | 20,460 [53] |
11,027,000 | 2,844 | 3,877 | 12,244,807 | — | — |
| Bogotá |  Colombia |
10,574,000 | Capital District | 7,963,000 | 1,587 | 5,018 [54] |
9,274,000 | 562 | 16,502 | 12,545,272 | 5,934 | 2,114 [55] |
| Jakarta |  Indonesia |
10,517,000 | Special capital region | 10,154,134 | 664 | 15,292 [56] |
35,362,000 | 3,541 | 9,986 [lower-alpha 14] |
33,430,285 | 7,063 | 4,733 [57] |
| Chennai | India |
10,456,000 | Municipal corporation | 6,727,000 | 426 | 15,791 [58][59] |
11,564,000 | 1,085 | 10,658 | — | — | — |
| Lima |  Peru |
10,391,000 | Metropolitan municipality | 8,894,000 | 2,672 | 3,329 [60] |
8,992,000 | 891 | 10,092 | 9,569,468 | 2,819 | 3,395 [61] |
| Bangkok |  Thailand |
10,156,000 | Special administrative area | 8,305,218 | 1,569 | 5,293 [62] |
17,573,000 | 3,199 | 5,493 [63] |
16,255,900 | 7,762 | 2,094 [64] |
| Seoul |  South Korea |
9,963,000 | Special city | 10,013,781 | 605 | 16,552 [65] |
22,394,000 | 2,769 | 8,087 | 25,514,000 | 11,704 | 2,180 [65] |
| Nagoya | Japan |
9,507,000 | Designated city | 2,320,361 | 326 | 7,118 [13] |
9,522,000 | 3,704 | 2,571 | 9,363,000 | 7,271 | 1,288 [14] |
| Hyderabad | India |
9,482,000 | Municipal corporation | 6,993,262 | 650 | 10,759 [66][67] |
9,840,000 | 1,274 | 7,724 | — | — | — |
| London |  United Kingdom |
9,046,000 | Capital city | 8,825,001 | 1,572 | 5,614 [68] |
11,120,000 | 1,738 | 6,398 | 14,372,596 [69] |
8,382 | 1,715 |
| Tehran |  Iran |
8,896,000 | Capital city | 9,033,003 | 751 | 12,028 [70][71] |
13,819,000 | 1,704 | 8,110 | — | — | — |
| Chicago | United States |
8,864,000 | City | 2,746,388 | 589 | 4,663 [30] |
9,013,000 | 7,006 | 1,286 | 9,618,502 | 18,640 | 516 [72] |
| Chengdu | China |
8,813,000 | City (sub-provincial) | 16,044,700 | 14,378 | 1,116 [17] |
11,920,000 | 1,829 | 6,517 | — | — | — |
| Nanjing | China |
8,245,000 | City (sub-provincial) | 7,260,000 | 6,582 | 1,103 [73] |
7,729,000 | 1,614 | 4,789 | — | — | — |
| Wuhan | China |
8,176,000 | City (sub-provincial) | 10,892,900 | 8,494 | 1,282 [17] |
9,729,000 | 1,722 | 5,650 | — | — | — |
| Ho Chi Minh City |  Vietnam |
8,145,000 | Municipality | 7,431,000 | 2,061 | 3,606 [74] |
13,954,000 | 1,637 | 8,524 | — | — | — |
| Luanda |  Angola |
7,774,000 | Municipality | 2,165,867 | 116 | 18,671 [75] |
8,883,000 | 1,005 | 8,839 | — | — | — |
| Ahmedabad | India |
7,681,000 | Municipal corporation | 5,570,585 | 464 | 12,006 [76] |
7,717,000 | 360 | 21,436 | 6,300,000 [77] |
— | — |
| Kuala Lumpur |  Malaysia |
7,564,000 | City | 1,768,000 | 243 | 7,276 [78] |
8,639,000 | 2,163 | 3,994 | 7,200,000 | 2,793 | 2,578 [79] |
| Xi'an | China |
7,444,000 | City (sub-provincial) | 8,989,000 | 10,135 | 887 [17] |
7,090,000 | 1,093 | 6,487 | — | — | — |
| Hong Kong | China |
7,429,000 | Special administrative region | 7,298,600 | 1,104 | 6,611 [80][81] |
7,398,000 | 290 | 25,510 | — | — | — |
| Dongguan | China |
7,360,000 | Prefecture-level city | 8,342,500 | 2,465 | 3,384 [17] |
8,142,000 | 1,759 | 4,629 | — | — | — |
| Hangzhou | China |
7,236,000 | City (sub-provincial) | 9,468,000 | 16,596 | 570 [17] |
6,713,000 | 1,445 | 4,646 | — | — | — |
| Foshan | China |
7,236,000 | Prefecture-level city | 7,197,394 | 3,848 | 1,870 [17] |
— [lower-alpha 15] |
— | — | — | — | — |
| Shenyang | China |
6,921,000 | City (sub-provincial) | 8,294,000 | 12,980 | 639 [17] |
7,208,000 | 1,515 | 4,758 [lower-alpha 16] |
— | — | — |
| Riyadh |  Saudi Arabia |
6,907,000 | Municipality | 6,694,000 | 1,913 | 3,499 [82] |
6,889,000 | 1,673 | 4,118 | — | — | — |
| Baghdad |  Iraq |
6,812,000 | Urban governorate | 8,126,755 | 5,200 | 1,563 [83] |
6,107,000 | 694 | 8,800 | — | — | — |
| Santiago |  Chile |
6,680,000 | City (commune) | 236,453 | 22 | 10,748 [84] |
7,026,000 | 1,147 | 6,126 | 7,112,808 | 15,403 | 462 [85] |
| Surat | India |
6,564,000 | Municipal corporation | 4,466,826 | 327 | 13,660 [86] |
4,875,000 | 238 | 20,483 | — | — | — |
| Madrid |  Spain |
6,497,000 | Municipality | 3,266,126 | 606 | 5,390 [87] |
6,006,000 | 1,365 | 4,400 | 6,641,649 | — | — |
| Suzhou | China |
6,339,000 | Prefecture-level city | 10,721,700 | 8,488 | 1,263 [17] |
5,103,000 | 1,386 | 3,682 | — | — | — |
| Pune | India |
6,276,000 | Municipal corporation | 3,124,458 | 276 | 11,321 [88] |
7,948,000 | 650 | 12,228 | 7,276,000 | 7,256 | 1,003 [89] |
| Harbin | China |
6,115,000 | City (sub-provincial) | 10,635,971 | 53,068 | 200 [17] |
4,583,000 | 671 | 6,830 | — | — | — |
| Houston | United States |
6,115,000 | City | 2,325,502 | 1,553 | 1,497 [30] |
6,529,000 | 4,931 | 1,324 | 6,997,384 | 21,395 | 327 [90] |
| Dallas | United States |
6,099,000 | City | 1,345,047 | 882 | 1,525 [30] |
6,960,000 | 5,278 | 1,319 [lower-alpha 17] |
7,470,158 | 22,463 | 333 [91] |
| Toronto | .svg.png.webp){kind=small} Canada |
6,082,000 | City | 2,731,571 | 630 | 4,336 [92][93] |
6,985,000 | 2,300 | 3,037 | 5,928,040 | 5,906 | 1,004 [94] |
| Dar es Salaam |  Tanzania |
6,048,000 | City | 4,364,541 | 1,393 | 3,133 | 7,461,000 | 961 | 7,764 | — | — | — |
| Miami | United States |
6,036,000 | City | 470,914 | 93 | 5,069 [30] |
6,212,000 | 3,313 | 1,875 | 6,158,824 | 15,890 | 388 |
| Belo Horizonte | Brazil |
5,972,000 | City | 2,502,557 | 331 | 7,563 | 5,159,000 | 1,288 | 4,005 | 5,156,217 | 9,459 | 545 |
| Singapore |  Singapore |
5,792,000 | Country | 5,638,700 | 726 | 7,770 | 5,271,000 | 1,287 | 4,096 | — | — | — |
| Philadelphia | United States |
5,695,000 | Consolidated city-county | 1,526,006 | 370 | 4,129 | 5,697,000 | 5,429 | 1,049 | 6,096,120 | — | — |
| Atlanta | United States |
5,572,000 | City | 420,003 | 354 | 1,186 | 5,434,000 | 7,400 | 734 | 5,949,951 | 21,690 | 274 |
| Fukuoka | Japan |
5,551,000 | Designated city | 1,588,924 | 343 | 4,627 | 2,280,000 | 505 | 4,515 | — | — | — |
| Khartoum |  Sudan |
5,534,000 | — | 639,598 | 22,142 | 29 | 6,017,000 | 1,031 | 5,836 | 5,274,321 | — | — |
| Barcelona | Spain |
5,494,000 | Municipality | 1,620,343 | 101 | 15,980 [95] |
4,735,000 | 1,072 | 4,417 | 5,474,482 [96] |
— | — |
| Johannesburg |  South Africa |
5,486,000 | Metropolitan municipality | — | — | — | 14,167,000 | 4,040 | 3,507 [97] |
— | — | — |
| Saint Petersburg | Russia |
5,383,000 | Federal city | — | — | — | 5,207,000 | 1,373 | 3,792 | — | — | — |
| Qingdao | China |
5,381,000 | City (sub-provincial) | — | — | — | 6,232,000 | 1,655 | 3,766 | — | — | — |
| Dalian | China |
5,300,000 | City (sub-provincial) | — | — | — | 3,994,000 | 987 | 4,047 | — | — | — |
| Washington | United States |
5,207,000 | Federal district | 702,455 | 177 | 3,969 [30] |
7,583,000 | 5,501 | 1,378 [lower-alpha 18] |
6,263,245 | 17,009 | 368 [98] |
| Yangon |  Myanmar |
5,157,000 | City | — | — | — | 6,497,000 | 603 | 10,774 | — | — | — |
| Alexandria | Egypt |
5,086,000 | Urban governorate | — | — | — | 4,857,000 | 293 | 16,577 | — | — | — |
| Jinan | China |
5,052,000 | City (sub-provincial) | 8,700,000 | 10,244 | 849 | 4,381,000 | 798 | 5,490 | — | — | — |
| Guadalajara | Mexico |
5,023,000 | Municipality | 1,385,621 | 151 | 9,176 [21] |
5,437,000 | 313 | 17,371 [22] |
5,286,642 | 3,560 | 1,485 |
See also
- Historical urban community sizes
- List of largest cities throughout history
- List of towns and cities with 100,000 or more inhabitants
- Number of urban areas by country
Notes
- For urban/metropolitan areas that have more than one core city, the figure for their city proper should use either the most populous one (e.g. Dallas for Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex) or the best-known one (e.g. Manila for Metro Manila, instead of Quezon City).
- UN figures for each cities are varied between city proper, metropolitan area, and urban agglomeration.
[12] - Figures taken from official census when possible
- Figures taken from official census when possible
- Includes large areas Tokyo, Kanagawa, Chiba and Saitama prefectures and smaller areas of Gunma, Tochigi and Ibaraki prefectures.
- Includes Faridabad, Ghaziabad, Noida, Gurgaon and Bahadurgarh urban areas and New Delhi.
- Includes Taicang
- Includes Francisco Morato
- Includes Kalyan and urban areas of Panvel, Bhiwandi and Vasai-Virar.
- Includes major cities of Kobe and Kyoto, collectively also known as Keihanshin area.
- Includes Bridgeport, New Haven, Trenton, Danbury, Waterbury and Twin Rivers urban areas.
- The continuous urbanization of Manila extends outward its Metro Manila into other neighbouring provinces such as Bulacan, Cavite, Laguna, Rizal, Pampanga and Batangas provinces.
- Includes the city of Foshan.
- Includes Tangerang, South Tangerang, Bogor, Bekasi and Karawang.
- Included in Guangzhou
- Includes the city of Fushun.
- Includes the city of Fort Worth, collectively known as Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex.
- Includes the city of Baltimore.
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{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - Population on 1 January by broad age group, sex and metropolitan regions Archived 22 August 2016 at the Wayback Machine - Eurostat, 2017
- Includes Pretoria
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External links
- UNSD Demographics Statistics – City population by sex, city and city type
- Nordpil World Database of Large Urban Areas, 1950–2050
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