Óscar Saavedra San Martín

1966-1968 Director del Laboratorio de Física Cósmica de Chacaltaya.[3]

Vicepresidente del Instituto de Estudios Geofísicos de Bolivia.

Interior del Detector de Neutrinos

1970-1974 Italia-Alemania-Francia. Colaboración con la Universidad de Kiel, Alemania, para el estudio de la “Chubascos atmosféricos extensos]” (EAS, Extensive Air Shower) con "Radiación de Cherenkov" en el Observatorio en Pic du Midi de Bigorre, Francia.

1972-1979 Italia-EE. UU. Colaboración con universidades de Pensilvania y Texas para buscar “Ráfagas de neutrinos de origen extraterrestre” (Burst of neutrinos from extraterrestial origin).

1986-1991 En el Experimento NUSEX[4] (Nucleon Stability Experiment[5]) para estudiar la “Estabilidad del nucleón”[6] (posibles anomalías en los flujos de neutrinos atmosféricos) en el Laboratorio de Mont Blanc. NUSEX comenzó en 1982 y la actividad de Saavedra como responsable de la participación italiana concluyó en 1986. De 1987 a 1991 fue expositor de la colaboración entre Milán, Frascati, Turín y la CERN (Organización Europea para la Investigación Nuclear).

1976-2000 En el Experimento LSD (Liquid Scintillator Detector) sobre la Astronomía de neutrinos para la detección de “Neutrinos de baja energía[7]” (LSD, Low Energy Neutrino[8]), en el Laboratorio de Mont Blanc[9] con la colaboración de la Academia de Ciencias de la URSS.[10]

1985-2000 Con varias universidades de Japón, entre ellas de Tokio, Saitama y Okayama, para la “Búsqueda de partículas súper lentas y súper masivas” con el TLS (Thermo Luminescence Experiment[11]).

1989-1996 Con el Instituto de Investigación de Rayos Cósmicos de Investigación (ICCR, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research[12]) de la Universidad de Tokio, Japón, para la búsqueda de la “Materia extraña en los quark", strange matter (SQM, Strange Quark Matter) en la radiación cósmica mediante globos aerostáticos desde Trapani, Italia.

1991-2018. Con el Instituto de Ingeniería Física de Moscú para el estudio del “Componente horizontal de la radiación cósmica” mediante el Experimento DÉCOR. Status of the NEVOD-EAS experiment.

1995-2002 Con el Laboratorio de Física Cósmica de Chacaltaya, Bolivia , “Búsqueda de componentes de alta energía en Brotes de Rayos Gamma” (GRB, Search of the High Energy Component of Gamma Ray Bursts) en el Experimento INCA.

Hasta 1968 Experimento sobre la “Cascada atmósférica” (BASJE Bolivian Air Shower] Joint Experimen) en Chacaltaya, Bolivia, para la búsqueda astronómica de rayos gamma de alta energía.

Experimento EAS-TOP en el Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Italia, hasta 2002, para el estudio de las características de la “Cascada atmosférica extensa” (EAS Extensive Air Shower) a 2000 m s. n. m.

Estudio de “Neutrinos en el colapso de estrellas” con el Detector de Gran Volumen (LVD Large Volume Detector), LVD y On-line recognition of supernova neutrino bursts in the LVD detector del Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Italia. Trabajo aún en curso

"Búsqueda de Monopolos magnéticos ligero]”, (SLIM, Search for Light Magnetic Monopoles) y de “Materia extraña en los quark”, (SQM, Strange Quark Matter) en el Laboratorio de Física Cósmica de Chacaltaya, Bolivia.

Experimento LAGO para la búsqueda de “Brotes de Rayos Gamma” en laboratorios de gran altitud. Looking for the high energy component of GRBs at the Large Aperture GRB Observatory

• 1. - “Observation of a Possible antineutrino pulse of Extraterrestrial Origen” by K. Lande, G. Bozoki, W.Frati C.K.Lee E. Fenives and O. Saavedra, Nature 251,485 (1974) represents the first possible observation in the world of a neutrino burst from collapsing star (see Physics to Day, July 1974 for comments)

• 2. - The paper: “On the event observed in the Mt. Blanc Underground Neutrino during the occurrence of the SN 1987a” by LSD Collaboration (Atrophies. Lett. 3, 1321,1987) was the report of the first observation of pulses that could be due to neutrinos from a collapsing star.

• 3. - LSD allows setting limits on:

a) “Limits on low energy neutrino fluxes with Mt. Blanc LSD” Astro. Part. Phys 1,1 (1992)
b) “Hadrons and other secondaries generated by cosmic muons underground” Nuovo Cimento 18C, 517 (1995) This paper was awarded by the Academy of Science of USSR.
c) “Search for low energy and antineutrinos in coincidence with BATSE GRBs” Astrophys. And Space Science 231 355 (1995)
d) “Upper limit on the solar antineutrino flux according to LSD data” JEPT lett. 63, 10 (1996)

• 4. - NUSEX experiment was collaboration between Frascati, Milano, Torino and CERN on Proton decay.

a) “Nucleon stability, magnetic monopoles and atmospheric neutrinos observed at Mt. Blanc NUSEX experiment”: Phys. Lett. B133,454 (1983)
b) “Experimental study of atmospheric neutrino flux in the NUSEX neutrino experiment”: Europhys.Lett.8:611-614 (1989)
c) “Observation of a time modulated muon fluxes in the direction of Cygnus X-3” Phys.Lett.B155:465 (1985)

• 5. - With INCA experiment at Chacaltaya we set the best limits up to now on detection of GRBs at very low energy (~10 GeV) at ground level: “Search for GeV gamma ray burst at Mt. Chacaltaya” procc. of ICRC, 2735, Hamburg, Germany (2001).

• 6. - With SLIM experiment (still in progress) we set the best limits on Light magnetic monopoles and SQM search at Chacaltaya: TAUP2005, in press, also: Radiat.Meas.40:405-4090 (2005)

• 7.- With the DECOR-NEVOD Italian Russian collaboration:

a) ”New approach to cosmic ray energy spectrum investigation in récord energy interval from 10^15 up to 10^19 eV EPJ Web Conf. 53 (2013) 08001 , It was made by means of relatively small detector for inclined muon bundle registration and it was the first observation of energy dependence of muon bundle excess compared with simulations, which was confirmed in other experiments, including Auger.
b) ”Observation of electromagnetic interaction of high energy muons deep underground” Phys. Rev. 52D, 2673 (1995)
c) “Multiple interaction of muons in the NUSEX detector and muon energy spectrum at deep underground” Astrop. Phys.6, 187 (1999)

• I.A. Shulzhenko et al. Russian-Italian collaboration DECOR-NEVOD experiment. Published in Bull.Russ.Acad.Sci.Phys. 79 (2015) 3, 389-391, Izv.Ross.Akad.Nauk Ser.Fiz. 79 (2015) 3, 423–426

1. Investigation of cascade showers in the Cherenkov water detector NEVOD
2. EAS array of the NEVOD Experimental Complex
3. Measuring module of the Cherenkov water detector NEVOD
4. Status of the NEVOD-EAS experiment
5. Application of the URAGAN muon hodoscope to calibrate charged particle detectors
6. Measuring the spectrum of the local density of charged particles on the SCT setup
7. Study of cascade showers generated by near-horizontal muons in the water Cherenkov detector with a dense array of optical modules
8. A proposed NEVOD-EAS installation for the detection of extensive air showers

• Search of the "second knee" by means of muon bundles in inclined EAS I.I. Yashin, et al. Russian-Italian collaboration DECOR-NEVOD. Experiment DOI (enlace roto disponible en Internet Archive; véase el historial, la primera versión y la última).

• Implication for the Core-collapse Supernova Rate From 21 Years of Data of the Large Volume Detector. LVD. Collaboration N.Yu. Agafonova et al. Published in Astrophys.J. 802 (2015) 1, 47

• Measurement of cosmic muon charge ratio with the Large Volume Detector. LVD Collaboration N.Yu. Agafonova et al. Nov 27, 2013. 14 pp. e-Print

• New technique and results of cosmic ray investigations in the energy interval 10¹⁵−10¹⁹ eV A.A. Petrukhin et al. Russian-Italian collaboration DECOR-NEVOD experiment. Published in EPJ Web Conf. 53 (2013) 08001

• CTA contributions to the 33rd International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC2013). O. Abril, Bet al Jul 8, 2013. Conference: C13-07-02 Proceedings. http://arxiv.org/abs/1311.6995 e-Print] [astro-ph.HE]

• A proposed NEVOD-EAS installation for the detection of extensive air showers. I.A. Shulzhenko et al. 2013. 3 pp. Published in Bull.Russ.Acad.Sci.Phys. 77 (2013) 641-643, Izv.Ross.Akad.Nauk. 77 (2013) 710-712

• Measurement of the velocity of neutrinos from the CNGS beam with the Large Volume Detector. LVD. Collaboration N.Yu. Agafonova et al. Aug 2012. 5 pp. Published in Phys.Rev.Lett. 109 (2012) 070801

• Investigation of the properties of the flux and interaction of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays by the method of local-muon-density spectra. A.G. Bogdanov et al. 2010. 17 pp. Phys.Atom.Nucl. 73 (2010) 1852-1869, Yad.Fiz. 73 (2010) 1904-1920