Aliados (Primera Guerra Mundial)

En el contexto de la Primera Guerra Mundial, se entiende por Aliados a los países en conflicto con las Potencias Centrales. El bloque aliado tuvo su origen en la Triple Entente, integrada por: Francia, el Reino Unido y Rusia. En sentido estricto comenzaron a llamarse así tras la firma del Pacto de Londres, el 5 de septiembre de 1914, por el que los beligerantes se comprometían a no firmar una paz por separado.[1]

Mapamundi que muestra los participantes durante la Primera Guerra Mundial.      Entente y los Aliados (algunos entraron en la guerra y otros se mantuvieron neutral pero apoyaron a sus aliados)      Potencias Centrales      Países neutrales
Evolución de las alianzas durante la Primera Guerra Mundial:      Entente      Colonia, dominio y/o territorios ocupados por la Entente      Potencias centrales      Territorio ocupado por las potencias centrales y/o sus colonias      Neutral

Principales países aliados

Otros países aliados

Otros países que tuvieron participación militar:

Aliados nominales

Países que declararon la guerra a las Potencias Centrales pero que no participaron militarmente:

  • Bandera de Andorra Principado de Andorra (Desde 1914)[2]
  • Bandera de la República de China República de China (a partir de agosto de 1917, pero un año antes los ingleses los reclutaron para trabajos detrás de la Línea del Frente)[3]
  • Bandera de Costa Rica Costa Rica (a partir de mayo de 1918)
  • Bandera de Cuba Cuba (a partir de abril de 1917)
  • Bandera de Guatemala Guatemala (a partir de abril de 1918)
  • Bandera de Liberia Liberia (a partir de agosto de 1917)
  • Bandera de Haití Haití (a partir de julio de 1918)
  • Bandera de Honduras Honduras (a partir de julio de 1918)
  • Bandera de Panamá Panamá (en abril de 1917 declaró la guerra a Alemania, en diciembre de 1917 al Imperio Austrohúngaro).

Fuerzas y pérdidas de las potencias aliadas
Gráfica circular mostrando las bajas de las fuerzas aliadas.
País Fuerzas movilizadas Muertos en combate Heridos en combate Pérdidas totales Porcentaje de pérdidas respecto al total de fuerzas movilizadas
Australia412 95361 928[4]152 171214 09952%
Bélgica267 00038 172[5]44 68682 85831%
Canadá28 96456 639[6]149 732214 67634%
Estados Unidos4 355 000116 708[7]205 690322 3987%
Francia8 410 0001 186 000[8]4 266 0005 663 80067%
Grecia230 00026 000[9]21 00047 00020%
India1 440 43774 187[10]143 401217 58815%
Italia5 615 000651 010[11]953 8861 604 89629%
Japón800 000415[12]9071322<1%
Montenegro50 000300010 00013 00026%
Nueva Zelanda128 52518 050[13]41 31759 36746%
Terranova11 9221204[14]2314351830%
Portugal100 0007222[15]13 75120 97321%
Reino Unido6 200 000885 138[16]1 663 4352 548 57341%
Rumanía750 000250 000[17]120 000370 00043%
Rusia12 000 0001 811 000[18]4 950 0006 761 00059%
Serbia707 343275 000[19]133 148408 14820%
Sudáfrica136 0709463[20]12 02921 49216%
Total42 243 2145 691 24112 809 28018 500 52144%
Estadísticas de los principales aliados[21]
Rusia 173,2 21.700 
km²
 257,7
Francia 39,8 500.000 km² 138,7
Reino Unido 46 300.000 km² 226,4
Italia 35.6 300.000 km² 93,3
Estados Unidos 95,5 7.800.000 km² 511,6
Total 793,3 67.500.000 km² 1.096,5

Véase también

Referencias
  1. Stevenson, 2013, p. 106.
  2. https://adadabsurdum.blogspot.com/2015/03/andorra-vs-alemania-39-anos-en-guerra.html
  3. https://www.lavanguardia.com/internacional/20150405/54429433004/el-olvidado-papel-de-los-chinos-en-la-i-guerra-mundial.html
  4. Pérdidas australianas
    Included in total are 55,000 killed or missing in action and died of wounds-.
    The Commonwealth War Graves Commission Annual Report 2005-2006 is the source of total military dead.-
    Totals include 2,005 military deaths during 1919-21-. The 1922 War Office report listed 59,330 Army war dead.
  5. Belgium casualties
    Included in total are 35,000 killed or missing in action and died of wounds Figures include 13,716 killed and 24,456 missing up until Nov.11, 1918. "These figures are approximate only, the records being incomplete.".
  6. Canada casualties
    Included in total are 53,000 killed or missing in action and died of wounds.
    The Commonwealth War Graves Commission Annual Report 2005-2006 is the source of total military dead.
    Totals include 3,789 military deaths during 1919-21 and 150 Merchant Navy deaths-. The losses of Newfoundland are listed separately on this table. The 1922 War Office report listed 56,639 Army war dead.
  7. United States casualties
    Official military war deaths listed by the US Dept. of Defense for the period ending Dec. 31, 1918 are 116,516; which includes 53,402 battle deaths and 63,114 other deaths., The US Coast Guard lost an additional 192 dead.
  8. France casualties
    Included in total are 1,186,000 killed or missing in action and died of wounds. Totals include the deaths of 71,100 French colonial troops. -Figures include war related military deaths of 28,600 from 11/11/1918 to 6/1/1919.
  9. Greece casualties
    Jean Bujac in a campaign history of the Greek Army in World War One listed 8,365 combat related deaths and 3,255 missing, The Soviet researcher Boris Urlanis estimated total dead of 26,000 including 15,000 military deaths due disease
  10. India casualties
    British India included present-day India, Pakistán and Bangladés.
    Included in total are 27,000 killed or missing in action and died of wounds.
    The Commonwealth War Graves Commission Annual Report 2005-2006 is the source of total military dead.
    Totals include 15,069 military deaths during 1919-21 and 1,841 Canadian Merchant Navy dea. The 1922 War Office report listed 64,454 Army war dead
  11. Italy casualties
    Included in total are 433,000 killed or missing in action and died of wounds
    Figures of total military dead are from a 1925 Italian report using official data.
  12. War dead figure is from a 1991 history of the Japanese Army.
  13. New Zealand casualties
    Included in total are 14,000 killed or missing in action and died of wounds.
    The Commonwealth War Graves Commission Annual Report 2005-2006 is the source of total military dead.
    Totals include 702 military deaths during 1919-21. The 1922 War Office report listed 16,711 Army war dead.
  14. Newfoundland casualties
    Newfoundland was a Dominion at the time, and not part of Canadá. The 1922 War Office report listed 1,204 Army war dead
  15. Portugal casualties
    Figures include the following killed and died of other causes up until Jan.1, 1920; 1,689 in France and 5,332 in Africa. Figures do not include an additional 12,318 listed as missing and POW.
  16. UK and Crown Colonies casualties
    Included in total are 624,000 killed or missing in action and died of wounds.
    The Commonwealth War Graves Commission Annual Report 2005-2006 is the source of total military dead.
    Military dead total includes 34,663 deaths during 1919-21 and 13,632 British Merchant Navy deaths. The losses of Newfoundland are listed separately on this table. The 1922 War Office report listed 702,410 war dead for the UK, 507 from "Other colonies" and the Royal Navy (32,287).
    The British Merchant Navy losses of 14,661 were listed separately; The 1922 War Office report detailed the deaths of 310 military personnel due to air and sea bombardment of the UK.
  17. Romania casualties
    Military dead is "The figure reported by the Rumanian Government in reply to a questionnaire from the International Labour Office". Included in total are 177,000 killed or missing in action and died of wounds.
  18. Russia casualties
    Included in total are 1,451,000 killed or missing in action and died of wounds. The estimate of total Russian military losses was made by the Soviet researcher Boris Urlanis.
  19. Serbia casualties
    Included in total are 165,000 killed or missing in action and died of wounds.The estimate of total combined Serbian and Montenegrin military losses of 278,000 was made by the Soviet researcher Boris Urlanis
  20. South Africa casualties
    Included in total are 5,000 killed or missing in action and died of wounds
    The Commonwealth War Graves Commission Annual Report 2005-2006 is the source of total military dead.
    Totals include 380 military deaths during 1919-21. The 1922 War Office report listed 7,121 Army war dead.
  21. S.N. Broadberry, Mark Harrison. The Economics of World War I. illustrated ed. Cambridge University Press, 2005, pgs. 7-8.

Bibliografía
  • Ellis, John and Mike Cox. The World War I Databook: The Essential Facts and Figures for All the Combatants (2002)
  • Espositons, Vincent J. The West Point Atlas of American Wars: 1900-1918 (1997) despite the title covers entire war; online maps from this atlas
  • Falls, Cyril. nkxiei

(1960), general military history

  • Higham, Robin and Dennis E. Showalter, eds. Researching World War I: A Handbook (2003), historiography, stressing military themes
  • Pope, Stephen and Wheal, Elizabeth-Anne, eds. The Macmillan Dictionary of the First World War (1995)
  • Stevenson, David (2013). 1914-1918. Historia de la Primera Guerra Mundial. Barcelona: Círculo de Lectores/Penguin Random House. ISBN 978-84-672-5794-6.
  • Strachan, Hew. The First World War: Volume I: To Arms (2004)
  • Trask, David F. The United States in the Supreme War Council: American War Aims and Inter-Allied Strategy, 1917-1918 (1961)
  • Tucker, Spencer, ed. The Encyclopedia of World War I: A Political, Social, and Military History (5 volumes) (2005), online at eBook.com
  • Tucker, Spencer, ed. European Powers in the First World War: An Encyclopedia (1999)
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