Dokham
Le Dokham (tibétain : མདོ་ཁམས, Wylie : mdo khams, THL : dokham), parfois écrit Do-Kham, est un terme qui désigne conjointement les deux régions du Tibet oriental de l'Amdo et du Kham[1].
Description
La région est traversées par différents cours d'eau dont les Salween, Mékong, Yangtse et Yalong[1].
Dans la culture géographique traditionnelle tibétaine, le Tibet est divisé en trois régions, le Tibet occidental ou Tibet septentrional appelé Ngari Korsum (tibétain : མངའ་རི་སྐོར་གསུམ, Wylie : mnga' ri skor gsum, THL : ngari korsum), l'aire central du Tibet-Tsang Ü-Tsang (tibétain : བར་དབུས་གཙང་རུ་བཞི, Wylie : bar dbus gtsang ru bzhi, THL : bar ütsang ru shyi), incluant les vallées et villes de Lhassa, Yarlung, Shigatsé et Gyantsé, et enfin le Tibet oriental et méridional, le Dokham (tibétain : སྨད་མདོ་ཁམས་སྒང་དྲུག, Wylie : smad mdo kham sgang drug, THL : mé dokham gang druk), composé de l'Amdo et du Kham)[2].
Annexes
Notes et références
- (en) Andreas Gruschke, Excerpt of The Cultural Monuments of Tibet's Outer Provinces: Amdo, vol. 1 The Qinghai Part of Amdo (Northeastern Tibet), White Lotus Press, Bangkok : « While the designations Amdo and Kham have become widely used in modern times, it is less known that until the 19th century Tibetan sources only used the composite Tibetan term Do-Kham. As mdo khams it may be found in Tibetan, as duo gansi in Chinese sources, starting in the Mongol-Chinese Yuan dynasty (1274-1368).8 Eastern Tibet, i.e. the region beyond the Central Tibetan provinces of Ü and Tsang, is then generally referred to as Do-Kham Gang-sum (mdo khams sgang sum), or Do-Kham Gang-drug (mdo khams sgang drug): that is to say the 'three, or six, mountains [of] mDo [and] Kham'.9 The term sgang is meant to designate the pasture grounds on the high upland between the great river systems of Salween, Mekong, Yangtse, Yalong Jiang, and their tributaries.10 As a toponym Do-Kham thus seems to represent a comprehensive concept of the eastern part of the Tibetan Plateau or realm, as is stated in Das' Tibetan-English Dictionary: [mdo khams] Mdo and Khams, indicates Am do, the province of Tibet S.E. of KököNor, and Kham.11. »
- (Gelek 2003) « In traditional Tibetan cultural geography, Tibet is divided into three regions: West Tibet or Upper Tibet, called To Ngari Korsum in Tibetan; the middle area of Tibet-Tsang (Bur Dbus Gtsang Ru-zhi) including the central Tibet cities and valleys of Lhasa, Yarlung, Shigatse, and Gyantse; and East Tibet or Lower Tibet-Dokham (Amdo and Kham, Smad Mdo Kham Sgang Drug). Eastern Tibet is traditionally divided into the regions of Kham and Amdo, and these are now are incorporated into parts of Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu, and Yunnan provinces. »
Bibliographie
(en) Lobsang Gelek, « The Washul Sethar », Chinese Sociology and Anthropology, vol. 35, no 1, , p. 3-20 (ISSN 0009-4625, DOI 10.2753/csa0009-462535013)
