Yucca schidigera

Yucca schidigera, aussi connu sous le nom de mojave yucca ou, en espagnol, dagger, est une plante à fleur de la famille des Agavaceae selon la classification classique de Cronquist (1981)[2] ou des Asparagaceae selon la classification phylogénétique. Elle est originaire des déserts de Mojave, du Chihuahua et Sonora respectivement situés dans le sud-est de la Californie, la Basse-Californie, le Nouveau-Mexique, le sud du Nevada et l'Arizona.

Yucca schidigera
Yucca schidigera
Classification de Cronquist (1981)
Règne Plantae
Sous-règne Tracheobionta
Division Magnoliophyta
Classe Liliopsida
Sous-classe Liliidae
Ordre Liliales
Famille Agavaceae
Genre Yucca

Espèce

Yucca schidigera
Ortgies, 1871[1]

Classification APG III (2009)

Ordre Asparagales
Famille Asparagaceae
Yucca schidigera

Cette espèce de yucca pousse généralement sur les pentes rocheuses désertiques et créosotes sises à une altitude d'environ 300 à 1 200 mètres et dépassant rarement plus de 2 500 mètres. Elle prospère en plein soleil et dans la terre abreuvée par un drainage optimal sans nécessiter d'apport aqueux supplémentaire en été. Elle appartient à la famille du Yucca baccata qui croit dans la même zone. Il existe également çà et là quelques plantes hybrides prévalant entre les deux espèces.

Description
Texte à traduire
Portion de texte anglais à traduire en français

Texte anglais à traduire :
Yucca schidigera is a small evergreen tree growing to 5 metres (16 ft) tall, with a dense crown of spirally arranged bayonet-like leaves on top of a conspicuous basal trunk. The bark is gray-brown, being covered with brown dead leaves near the top, becoming irregularly rough and scaly-to-ridged closer to the ground. The leaves are 30–150 cm long and 4–11 cm broad at the base, concavo-convex, thick, very rigid, and yellow-green to blue-green in color.

The flowers are white, sometimes having a purple tinge, bell-shaped, 3–5 cm long (rarely to 7.5 cm), produced in a compact, bulbous cluster 60–120 cm tall at the top of the stem. The fruit is an elongate berry, up to 11.5 cm long[3],[4].

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Utilisation

Les fibres contenues dans les feuilles de Yucca schidigera étaient autrefois utilisées par les Amérindiens pour confectionner des cordes, des sandales et du tissu. Les fleurs et les fruits sont comestibles et les graines noires peuvent être moulues pour être transformées en farine. Le recours aux racines de la plante permet de fabriquer du savon.

Certains écrits rapportent que les Amérindiens se lavaient les cheveux avec du yucca pour combattre les pellicules et l'alopécie (perte des cheveux). Parmi les autres affections mentionnées dans la médecine amérindienne figurent également les céphalées (maux de tête), l'épistaxis (saignement de nez), la gonorrhée, l'arthrite et les rhumatismes[5].

Bibliographie
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  • Fritz Hochstätter (ed.): Yucca (Agavaceae). Band 3 Mexico , Selbst Verlag, 2004. (ISBN 3-00-013124-8)
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Notes et références
  1. IPNI. International Plant Names Index. Published on the Internet http://www.ipni.org, The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries and Australian National Botanic Gardens., consulté le 29 juillet 2020
  2. (en) Arthur Cronquist, An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants, New York, Columbia University Press, (ISBN 0-231-03880-1, OCLC 1136076363, lire en ligne)
  3. « Flora of North America: Yucca schidigera »
  4. Ortgies, Karl Eduard. 1871. Gartenflora. Monatschrift für deutsche und schweizerische Garten- und Blumenkunde. Erlangen, Stuttgart, Berlin. 20: 110
  5. (en) PR Cheeke (Department of Animal Sciences, Oregon State University / Desert King International), S Piacente (Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Salerno) et W Oleszek (Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, Pulawy, Poland), « Anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic effects of yucca schidigera: A review », Journal of Inflammation, vol. 3, no 6,‎ (PMCID PMC1440857, DOI 10.1186/1476-9255-3-6, lire en ligne)

Liens externes
  • Portail de la botanique
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