Doflein (1916)

Lehrbuch der Protozoenkunde, 4th ed., .

Protozoa

• Plasmodroma
  • Mastigophora
    • Anhang: Ciliatenähnliche Flagellaten
      • Spironemidae [p. 637]

Cavalier-Smith (1993)

From Kingdom Protozoa and its 18 phyla

In Phylum Opalozoa

• Subphylum Hemimastigophora Foissner, Blatterer & Foissner, 1988 stat. nov.
  
  • Class Hemimastigea Foissner, Blatterer & Foissner, 1988
    
    • Order Hemimastigida Foissner, Blatterer & Foissner, 1988
      • Spironema
      • Stereonema
      • Hemimastix

David J. Patterson (1999)

• Patterson, D.J. 1999. The Diversity of Eukaryotes. The American Naturalist 154 (S4): 96–124. DOI: 10.1086/303287 PDF Reference page. 

In Eukaryotes

• Clade Spironemidae
  • Stereonema
  • Spironema
  • Hemimastix

Foissner & Foissner, in Lee et al. (2000)

Foissner, W. & Foissner, I., 2000. Hemimastigophora. In: Lee, J.J., Leedale, G.F. & Bradbury, P. An Illustrated Guide to the Protozoa. Society of Protozoologists/Allen Press: Lawrence, Kansas, U.S.A, 2nd ed., vol. 2, p. 1185-1186, . See Brands, S.J. (1989-2015), .

In “protozoa”, “flagellated protists”

• Hemimastigophora
  • Genus Spironema Klebs, 1892
  • Genus Hemimastix Foissner, Blatterer & Foissner, 1988
  • Genus Stereonema Foissner & Foissner, 1993

Cavalier-Smith (2002)

From The phagotrophic origin of eukaryotes and phylogenetic classification of Protozoa

In Class Thecomonadea

• Order Hemimastigida