ête
Gallo
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Old French estre, from Latin sum.
Conjugation
| infinitive | ête | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gerund | étant | ||||||
| auxiliary | ête or avair | ||||||
| past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
| singular | étë | étëe | |||||
| plural | étës | étëes | |||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| indicative | je (j') | tu (t') | i (il), o (ol) | je | vouz | i (il), o (ol) | |
| present | së | es | est | sons | êtes | sont | |
| imperfect | étais 'tais |
étais 'tais |
était 'tait |
étains 'tains |
étiez 'tiez |
étaint 'taint | |
| preterite (-i) | fus | fus | fut | fumes | futes | futent | |
| future | serai | seras | sera | serons | serez | seront | |
| conditional | serais | serais | serait | serains | seriez | seraint | |
| subjunctive | que je (j') | que tu (t') | qu'i (il), qu'o (ol) | que je | que vouz | qu'i (il), qu'o (ol) | |
| present | seye | seyes | seye | seyions | seyiez | seyent | |
| imperative | — | tu | — | je | vouz | — | |
| present | seye | seyions | seyiez | ||||
Norman
Etymology
From Old French estre, from Latin sum.
Conjugation
| infinitive | ête or être | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gerund | étaunt | ||||||
| auxiliary | ête or aveî | ||||||
| past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
| singular | étaé | étaée | |||||
| plural | étaés | étaées | |||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| indicative | jé (j') | tu (t') | i (il), o (ol), nos |
jé (j') | vos | i (il), olles | |
| present | syis | es | est | soummes | êtes | sount | |
| imperfect | éteis | éteis | éteit | étioums | étiaez | éteient | |
| preterite | feus | feus | feut | feûmes | feûtes | feûtrent | |
| future | serai | seras | sera | seroums | seraez | serount | |
| conditional | sereis | sereis | sereit | serioums | seriaez | sereient | |
| subjunctive | qué je (j') | qué te (t') | qu'i (il), qu'o (ol), qué nos (no-z-) |
qué je | qué vos | qu'i (il), qu'olles | |
| present | seis | seis | seit | séyoums | séyaez | seient | |
| imperfect | feusse | feusses | feusse | feussioums | feussiaez | feussent feûtrent | |
| imperative | — | tu | — | jé | vos | — | |
| present | seis | séyoums | séyaez | ||||
| past | seis étaé | séyoums étaés | séyaez étaés | ||||
Usage notes
- It is common to drop the first letter in the indicative imperfect, replacing it with a sign. Thus you may find ’teis instead of éteis, ’teit instead of éteit, ’tioums instead of étioums etc. In these cases, the pronouns i/il, o/ol and no/no-z- are used as if the vowel hadn’t been dropped, for example : il ‘teit, ol ‘teit, no-z-‘teit instead of the regular forms used before consonants i, o and no.
- Unlike what happens most of the time in oral French, the subjunctive past tense is used in Norman when the verb comes after one at the conditional tense or the past. Thus, where oral French tends to say : Il fallait qu’il soit le premier in the present subjunctive, Norman people would rather say in the past : Falleit qu’i feusse le prémyî.
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