đã
Vietnamese
Alternative forms
- (literary) đà
Pronunciation
- (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [ʔɗaː˦ˀ˥]
- (Huế) IPA(key): [ʔɗaː˧˨]
- (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA(key): [ʔɗaː˨˩˦]
Particle
Usage notes
- In most natural contexts, đã is formal. A Vietnamese would formally say "Anh ấy đã chết trong chiến tranh" ("He died in the war"), but not casually say *"Cháu đã ăn cơm" ("I had a meal") or *"Hôm qua tao đã thấy nó ở đường Yersin" ("I saw him yesterday on Yersin Street"). Instead, they would say "Cháu ăn cơm rồi" and "Hôm qua tao thấy nó ở đường Yersin".
- Otherwise, it is used artificially in common awkward translation work; or casually in very few patterns only for emphasis, and in these cases, it can be considered equivalent to the use of the English present perfect tense. For example:
- Con đã ăn cơm chưa?
- Have you eaten yet?
- Mày có biết bờ biển Nha Trang đẹp thế nào hông? ・ Tao đã đi Nha Trang bao giờ đâu mà biết!
- Do you have any idea how beautiful the Nha Trang beaches are? ・ How am I supposed to know? I've never been to Nha Trang!
See also
Adjective
đã
- (colloquial) satisfied; pleasurable; refreshing; cool
- 2011, Dưới bóng cây [In the Shade of Trees], link (0:40)
- Ếch, cua. Lại đây chuột cho coi cái này đã lắm nè!
- Frog! Crab! Come here, I will show you something. It's really cool!
- 2011, Dưới bóng cây [In the Shade of Trees], link (0:40)
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