γόνυ
Ancient Greek
Etymology
From Proto-Hellenic *gónu, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵónu. Cognates include Sanskrit जानु (jānu), Latin genu, Old Armenian ծունգք (cungkʿ), Gothic 𐌺𐌽𐌹𐌿 (kniu), and Old English cnēo (English knee).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ɡó.ny/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈɡo.ny/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈɣo.ny/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈɣo.ny/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈɣo.ni/
Inflection
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | τὸ γόνῠ tò gónu |
τὼ γόνᾰτε tṑ gónate |
τᾰ̀ γόνᾰτᾰ tà gónata | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ γόνᾰτος toû gónatos |
τοῖν γονᾰ́τοιν toîn gonátoin |
τῶν γονᾰ́των tôn gonátōn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ γόνᾰτῐ tôi gónati |
τοῖν γονᾰ́τοιν toîn gonátoin |
τοῖς γόνᾰσῐ / γόνᾰσῐν toîs gónasi(n) | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸ γόνῠ tò gónu |
τὼ γόνᾰτε tṑ gónate |
τᾰ̀ γόνᾰτᾰ tà gónata | ||||||||||
Vocative | γόνῠ gónu |
γόνᾰτε gónate |
γόνᾰτᾰ gónata | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | τὸ γόνῠ tò gónu |
τὼ γούνᾰτε tṑ goúnate |
τᾰ̀ γούνᾰτᾰ tà goúnata | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ γούνᾰτος toû goúnatos |
τοῖν γουνᾰ́τοιν toîn gounátoin |
τῶν γουνᾰ́των tôn gounátōn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ γούνᾰτῐ tôi goúnati |
τοῖν γουνᾰ́τοιν toîn gounátoin |
τοῖσῐ / τοῖσῐν γούνᾰσῐ / γούνᾰσσῐ toîsi(n) goúnasi / goúnassi | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸ γόνῠ tò gónu |
τὼ γούνᾰτε tṑ goúnate |
τᾰ̀ γούνᾰτᾰ tà goúnata | ||||||||||
Vocative | γόνῠ gónu |
γούνᾰτε goúnate |
γούνᾰτᾰ goúnata | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
- Poetic: genitive singular: γουνός (gounós), dative singular: γουνί (gouní), plural (nom, acc, voc): γοῦνα (goûna), genitive plural: γούνων (goúnōn)
- Aeolic: plural (nom, acc, voc): γόνα (góna), plural genitive: γόνων (gónōn)
Derived terms
- γονῠαλγής (gonualgḗs, “suffering pain in the knee”)
- γονῠκαμψεπίκυρτος (gonukampsepíkurtos, “twisting the knee awry”)
- γονῠκαυσαγρύπνα (gonukausagrúpna, “keeping awake by inflammation of the knee”)
- γονῠκλινέω (gonuklinéō, “bend the knee”)
- γονῠκλινής (gonuklinḗs, “on bended knee”)
- γονῠκλιτέω (gonuklitéō)
- γονύκροτος (gonúkrotos, “knocking the knees together”)
- γονῠπετής (gonupetḗs, “falling on the knee”) (Hellenistic Koine)
- γονῠπετέω/-ῶ (“fall on the knee”)
- γονῠπλήξ (gonuplḗx, “ruscus”)
Descendants
- Greek: γόνατο (gónato)
References
- γόνυ in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- γόνυ in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- γόνυ in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- γόνυ in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- γόνυ in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- γόνυ in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2019)
- γόνυ in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G1119 in Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible, 1979
- γόνυ in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- knee idem, page 470.
Greek
Alternative forms
- γόνατο (gónato) (standard form)
Etymology
From Ancient Greek γόνυ (gónu).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɣoni/
- Hyphenation: γό‧νυ
Noun
γόνυ • (góny) n (plural γόνατα)
- (archaic, expression) knee. Used in the set phrase (in indication of respect):
- κλίνω το γόνυ ― klíno to góny ― I show respect (literally:I bend the knee).
Declension
- As in Ancient Greek
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