εἴσω

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

ἔσω (ésō)

Etymology

From εἰς (eis, “into”) +‎ -ω (-ō, adverbial suffix). Compare ἄνω (ánō, “upwards”), κάτω (kátō, “downwards”), πρόσω (prósō, “onwards”).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ěː.sɔː/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈi.so/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈi.so/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈi.so/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈi.so/

Adverb

εἴσω • (eísō) (comparative ἐσωτέρω, superlative ἐσωτᾰ́τω)

(of motion) into
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 4.775:
  μή πού τις ἐπαγγείιῃσι καὶ εἴσω
  mḗ poú tis epangeíiēisi kaì eísō
  lest someone may carry the news to within [the house]
(of location) inside, within
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 7.13:
  ἥ οἱ πῦρ ἀνέκαιε καὶ εἴσω δόρπον ἐκόσμει
  hḗ hoi pûr anékaie kaì eísō dórpon ekósmei
  She it was who kindled the fire for her, and made ready her supper inside the chamber.
1. (of time)
  - 161 CE – 180 CE, Hermogenes, On Issues 8

Usage notes

ἔσω was the primary form used in Ionic and old Attic prose, but in other prose and comedy only εἴσω was used. In poetry either form is used as the meter requires. Compare εἰς, ἐς. When εἴσω takes an object, that object is usually in the accusative case, but may be in the genitive. εἴσω generally follows its object.

Synonyms

(within): ἔνδον (éndon), ἔνδοθι (éndothi), ἐντός (entós)

Derived terms

ἐσώτερος (esṓteros)
ἐσώτατος (esṓtatos)

References

εἴσω in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
εἴσω in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
εἴσω in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
εἴσω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
εἴσω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
εἴσω in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2019)
εἴσω in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- door idem, page 247.
- in idem, page 425.
- inside idem, page 444.
- inward idem, page 459.
- within idem, page 984.

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