καλέω
Ancient Greek
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *kl̥h₁-, zero-grade of *kelh₁- + -έω (-éō). Cognates include Old English hlōwan and English low (verb) (but the similarity to call is coincidental); Latin calō, clāmō, clārus, classis, and concilium; Old Irish cailech; Old Armenian աքաղաղ (akʿałał).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ka.lé.ɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /kaˈlɛ.o/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /kaˈle.o/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /kaˈle.o/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /kaˈle.o/
Verb
κᾰλέω • (kaléō)
Inflection
Present: κᾰλέω, κᾰλέομαι (Uncontracted)
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | κᾰλέω | κᾰλέεις | κᾰλέει | κᾰλέετον | κᾰλέετον | κᾰλέομεν | κᾰλέετε | κᾰλέουσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | κᾰλέω | κᾰλέῃς | κᾰλέῃ | κᾰλέητον | κᾰλέητον | κᾰλέωμεν | κᾰλέητε | κᾰλέωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | κᾰλέοιμῐ | κᾰλέοις | κᾰλέοι | κᾰλέοιτον | κᾰλεοίτην | κᾰλέοιμεν | κᾰλέοιτε | κᾰλέοιεν | |||||
imperative | κᾰ́λεε | κᾰλεέτω | κᾰλέετον | κᾰλεέτων | κᾰλέετε | κᾰλεόντων | |||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | κᾰλέομαι | κᾰλέῃ, κᾰλέει |
κᾰλέεται | κᾰλέεσθον | κᾰλέεσθον | κᾰλεόμεθᾰ | κᾰλέεσθε | κᾰλέονται | ||||
subjunctive | κᾰλέωμαι | κᾰλέῃ | κᾰλέηται | κᾰλέησθον | κᾰλέησθον | κᾰλεώμεθᾰ | κᾰλέησθε | κᾰλέωνται | |||||
optative | κᾰλεοίμην | κᾰλέοιο | κᾰλέοιτο | κᾰλέοισθον | κᾰλεοίσθην | κᾰλεοίμεθᾰ | κᾰλέοισθε | κᾰλέοιντο | |||||
imperative | κᾰλέου | κᾰλεέσθω | κᾰλέεσθον | κᾰλεέσθων | κᾰλέεσθε | κᾰλεέσθων | |||||||
active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
infinitive | κᾰλέειν | κᾰλέεσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | κᾰλέων | κᾰλεόμενος | ||||||||||
f | κᾰλέουσᾰ | κᾰλεομένη | |||||||||||
n | κᾰλέον | κᾰλεόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | κᾰλῶ | κᾰλεῖς | κᾰλεῖ | κᾰλεῖτον | κᾰλεῖτον | κᾰλοῦμεν | κᾰλεῖτε | κᾰλοῦσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | κᾰλῶ | κᾰλῇς | κᾰλῇ | κᾰλῆτον | κᾰλῆτον | κᾰλῶμεν | κᾰλῆτε | κᾰλῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | κᾰλοίην, κᾰλοῖμῐ |
κᾰλοίης, κᾰλοῖς |
κᾰλοίη, κᾰλοῖ |
κᾰλοῖτον, κᾰλοίητον |
κᾰλοίτην, κᾰλοιήτην |
κᾰλοῖμεν, κᾰλοίημεν |
κᾰλοῖτε, κᾰλοίητε |
κᾰλοῖεν, κᾰλοίησᾰν | |||||
imperative | κᾰ́λει | κᾰλείτω | κᾰλεῖτον | κᾰλείτων | κᾰλεῖτε | κᾰλούντων | |||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | κᾰλοῦμαι | κᾰλεῖ, κᾰλῇ |
κᾰλεῖται | κᾰλεῖσθον | κᾰλεῖσθον | κᾰλούμεθᾰ | κᾰλεῖσθε | κᾰλοῦνται | ||||
subjunctive | κᾰλῶμαι | κᾰλῇ | κᾰλῆται | κᾰλῆσθον | κᾰλῆσθον | κᾰλώμεθᾰ | κᾰλῆσθε | κᾰλῶνται | |||||
optative | κᾰλοίμην | κᾰλοῖο | κᾰλοῖτο | κᾰλοῖσθον | κᾰλοίσθην | κᾰλοίμεθᾰ | κᾰλοῖσθε | κᾰλοῖντο | |||||
imperative | κᾰλοῦ | κᾰλείσθω | κᾰλεῖσθον | κᾰλείσθων | κᾰλεῖσθε | κᾰλείσθων | |||||||
active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
infinitive | κᾰλεῖν | κᾰλεῖσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | κᾰλῶν | κᾰλούμενος | ||||||||||
f | κᾰλοῦσᾰ | κᾰλουμένη | |||||||||||
n | κᾰλοῦν | κᾰλούμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Imperfect: ἐκάλεον, ἐκαλεόμην (Uncontracted)
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐκάλεον | ἐκάλεες | ἐκάλεε(ν) | ἐκαλέετον | ἐκαλεέτην | ἐκαλέομεν | ἐκαλέετε | ἐκάλεον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐκαλεόμην | ἐκαλέου | ἐκαλέετο | ἐκαλέεσθον | ἐκαλεέσθην | ἐκαλεόμεθᾰ | ἐκαλέεσθε | ἐκαλέοντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Imperfect: ἐκάλουν, ἐκαλούμην (Contracted)
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐκάλουν | ἐκάλεις | ἐκάλει | ἐκαλεῖτον | ἐκαλείτην | ἐκαλοῦμεν | ἐκαλεῖτε | ἐκάλουν | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐκαλούμην | ἐκαλοῦ | ἐκαλεῖτο | ἐκαλεῖσθον | ἐκαλείσθην | ἐκαλούμεθᾰ | ἐκαλεῖσθε | ἐκαλοῦντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Future: κᾰλέω, κᾰλέομαι, κεκλήσομαι (Uncontracted)
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | κᾰλέω | κᾰλέεις | κᾰλέει | κᾰλέετον | κᾰλέετον | κᾰλέομεν | κᾰλέετε | κᾰλέουσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | κᾰλέοιμῐ | κᾰλέοις | κᾰλέοι | κᾰλέοιτον | κᾰλεοίτην | κᾰλέοιμεν | κᾰλέοιτε | κᾰλέοιεν | |||||
middle | indicative | κᾰλέομαι | κᾰλέῃ, κᾰλέει |
κᾰλέεται | κᾰλέεσθον | κᾰλέεσθον | κᾰλεόμεθᾰ | κᾰλέεσθε | κᾰλέονται | ||||
optative | κᾰλεοίμην | κᾰλέοιο | κᾰλέοιτο | κᾰλέοισθον | κᾰλεοίσθην | κᾰλεοίμεθᾰ | κᾰλέοισθε | κᾰλέοιντο | |||||
passive | indicative | κεκλήσομαι | κεκλήσῃ | κεκλήσεται | κεκλήσεσθον | κεκλήσεσθον | κεκλησόμεθᾰ | κεκλήσεσθε | κεκλήσονται | ||||
optative | κεκλησοίμην | κεκλήσοιο | κεκλήσοιτο | κεκλήσοισθον | κεκλησοίσθην | κεκλησοίμεθᾰ | κεκλήσοισθε | κεκλήσοιντο | |||||
active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
infinitive | κᾰλέειν | κᾰλέεσθαι | κεκλήσεσθαι | ||||||||||
participle | m | κᾰλέων | κᾰλεόμενος | κεκλησόμενος | |||||||||
f | κᾰλέουσᾰ | κᾰλεομένη | κεκλησομένη | ||||||||||
n | κᾰλέον | κᾰλεόμενον | κεκλησόμενον | ||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | κᾰλῶ | κᾰλεῖς | κᾰλεῖ | κᾰλεῖτον | κᾰλεῖτον | κᾰλοῦμεν | κᾰλεῖτε | κᾰλοῦσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | κᾰλοίην, κᾰλοῖμῐ |
κᾰλοίης, κᾰλοῖς |
κᾰλοίη, κᾰλοῖ |
κᾰλοῖτον, κᾰλοίητον |
κᾰλοίτην, κᾰλοιήτην |
κᾰλοῖμεν, κᾰλοίημεν |
κᾰλοῖτε, κᾰλοίητε |
κᾰλοῖεν, κᾰλοίησᾰν | |||||
middle | indicative | κᾰλοῦμαι | κᾰλῇ | κᾰλεῖται | κᾰλεῖσθον | κᾰλεῖσθον | κᾰλούμεθᾰ | κᾰλεῖσθε | κᾰλοῦνται | ||||
optative | κᾰλοίμην | κᾰλοῖο | κᾰλοῖτο | κᾰλοῖσθον | κᾰλοίσθην | κᾰλοίμεθᾰ | κᾰλοῖσθε | κᾰλοῖντο | |||||
passive | indicative | κεκλήσομαι | κεκλήσῃ | κεκλήσεται | κεκλήσεσθον | κεκλήσεσθον | κεκλησόμεθᾰ | κεκλήσεσθε | κεκλήσονται | ||||
optative | κεκλησοίμην | κεκλήσοιο | κεκλήσοιτο | κεκλήσοισθον | κεκλησοίσθην | κεκλησοίμεθᾰ | κεκλήσοισθε | κεκλήσοιντο | |||||
active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
infinitive | κᾰλεῖν | κᾰλεῖσθαι | κεκλήσεσθαι | ||||||||||
participle | m | κᾰλῶν | κᾰλούμενος | κεκλησόμενος | |||||||||
f | κᾰλοῦσᾰ | κᾰλουμένη | κεκλησομένη | ||||||||||
n | κᾰλοῦν | κᾰλούμενον | κεκλησόμενον | ||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Future: κᾰλέσω, κᾰλέσομαι, κληθήσομαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | κᾰλέσω | κᾰλέσεις | κᾰλέσει | κᾰλέσετον | κᾰλέσετον | κᾰλέσομεν | κᾰλέσετε | κᾰλέσουσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | κᾰλέσοιμῐ | κᾰλέσοις | κᾰλέσοι | κᾰλέσοιτον | κᾰλεσοίτην | κᾰλέσοιμεν | κᾰλέσοιτε | κᾰλέσοιεν | |||||
middle | indicative | κᾰλέσομαι | κᾰλέσῃ, κᾰλέσει |
κᾰλέσεται | κᾰλέσεσθον | κᾰλέσεσθον | κᾰλεσόμεθᾰ | κᾰλέσεσθε | κᾰλέσονται | ||||
optative | κᾰλεσοίμην | κᾰλέσοιο | κᾰλέσοιτο | κᾰλέσοισθον | κᾰλεσοίσθην | κᾰλεσοίμεθᾰ | κᾰλέσοισθε | κᾰλέσοιντο | |||||
passive | indicative | κληθήσομαι | κληθήσῃ | κληθήσεται | κληθήσεσθον | κληθήσεσθον | κληθησόμεθᾰ | κληθήσεσθε | κληθήσονται | ||||
optative | κληθησοίμην | κληθήσοιο | κληθήσοιτο | κληθήσοισθον | κληθησοίσθην | κληθησοίμεθᾰ | κληθήσοισθε | κληθήσοιντο | |||||
active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
infinitive | κᾰλέσειν | κᾰλέσεσθαι | κληθήσεσθαι | ||||||||||
participle | m | κᾰλέσων | κᾰλεσόμενος | κληθησόμενος | |||||||||
f | κᾰλέσουσᾰ | κᾰλεσομένη | κληθησομένη | ||||||||||
n | κᾰλέσον | κᾰλεσόμενον | κληθησόμενον | ||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Aorist: ἐκᾰ́λεσᾰ, ἐκᾰλεσᾰ́μην, ἐκλήθην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐκᾰ́λεσᾰ | ἐκᾰ́λεσᾰς | ἐκᾰ́λεσε(ν) | ἐκᾰλέσᾰτον | ἐκᾰλεσᾰ́την | ἐκᾰλέσᾰμεν | ἐκᾰλέσᾰτε | ἐκᾰ́λεσᾰν | ||||
subjunctive | κᾰλέσω | κᾰλέσῃς | κᾰλέσῃ | κᾰλέσητον | κᾰλέσητον | κᾰλέσωμεν | κᾰλέσητε | κᾰλέσωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | κᾰλέσαιμῐ | κᾰλέσειᾰς, κᾰλέσαις |
κᾰλέσειε(ν), κᾰλέσαι |
κᾰλέσαιτον | κᾰλεσαίτην | κᾰλέσαιμεν | κᾰλέσαιτε | κᾰλέσειᾰν, κᾰλέσαιεν | |||||
imperative | κᾰ́λεσον | κᾰλεσᾰ́τω | κᾰλέσᾰτον | κᾰλεσᾰ́των | κᾰλέσᾰτε | κᾰλεσᾰ́ντων | |||||||
middle | indicative | ἐκᾰλεσᾰ́μην | ἐκᾰλέσω | ἐκᾰλέσᾰτο | ἐκᾰλέσᾰσθον | ἐκᾰλεσᾰ́σθην | ἐκᾰλεσᾰ́μεθᾰ | ἐκᾰλέσᾰσθε | ἐκᾰλέσᾰντο | ||||
subjunctive | κᾰλέσωμαι | κᾰλέσῃ | κᾰλέσηται | κᾰλέσησθον | κᾰλέσησθον | κᾰλεσώμεθᾰ | κᾰλέσησθε | κᾰλέσωνται | |||||
optative | κᾰλεσαίμην | κᾰλέσαιο | κᾰλέσαιτο | κᾰλέσαισθον | κᾰλεσαίσθην | κᾰλεσαίμεθᾰ | κᾰλέσαισθε | κᾰλέσαιντο | |||||
imperative | κᾰ́λεσαι | κᾰλεσᾰ́σθω | κᾰλέσᾰσθον | κᾰλεσᾰ́σθων | κᾰλέσᾰσθε | κᾰλεσᾰ́σθων | |||||||
passive | indicative | ἐκλήθην | ἐκλήθης | ἐκλήθη | ἐκλήθητον | ἐκληθήτην | ἐκλήθημεν | ἐκλήθητε | ἐκλήθησᾰν | ||||
subjunctive | κληθῶ | κληθῇς | κληθῇ | κληθῆτον | κληθῆτον | κληθῶμεν | κληθῆτε | κληθῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | κληθείην | κληθείης | κληθείη | κληθεῖτον, κληθείητον |
κληθείτην, κληθειήτην |
κληθεῖμεν, κληθείημεν |
κληθεῖτε, κληθείητε |
κληθεῖεν, κληθείησᾰν | |||||
imperative | κλήθητῐ | κληθήτω | κλήθητον | κληθήτων | κλήθητε | κληθέντων | |||||||
active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
infinitive | κᾰλέσαι | κᾰλέσᾰσθαι | κληθῆναι | ||||||||||
participle | m | κᾰλέσᾱς | κᾰλεσᾰ́μενος | κληθείς | |||||||||
f | κᾰλέσᾱσᾰ | κᾰλεσᾰμένη | κληθεῖσᾰ | ||||||||||
n | κᾰλέσᾰν | κᾰλεσᾰ́μενον | κληθέν | ||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Perfect: κέκληκᾰ, κέκλημαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | κέκληκᾰ | κέκληκᾰς | κέκληκε(ν) | κεκλήκᾰτον | κεκλήκᾰτον | κεκλήκᾰμεν | κεκλήκᾰτε | κεκλήκᾱσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | κεκλήκω | κεκλήκῃς | κεκλήκῃ | κεκλήκητον | κεκλήκητον | κεκλήκωμεν | κεκλήκητε | κεκλήκωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | κεκλήκοιμῐ, κεκληκοίην |
κεκλήκοις, κεκληκοίης |
κεκλήκοι, κεκληκοίη |
κεκλήκοιτον | κεκληκοίτην | κεκλήκοιμεν | κεκλήκοιτε | κεκλήκοιεν | |||||
imperative | κέκληκε | κεκληκέτω | κεκλήκετον | κεκληκέτων | κεκλήκετε | κεκληκόντων | |||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | κέκλημαι | κέκλησαι | κέκληται | κέκλησθον | κέκλησθον | κεκλήμεθᾰ | κέκλησθε | κέκληνται | ||||
subjunctive | κεκλημένος ὦ | κεκλημένος ᾖς | κεκλημένος ᾖ | κεκλημένω ἦτον | κεκλημένω ἦτον | κεκλημένοι ὦμεν | κεκλημένοι ἦτε | κεκλημένοι ὦσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | κεκλημένος εἴην | κεκλημένος εἴης | κεκλημένος εἴη | κεκλημένοι εἴητον/εἶτον | κεκλημένω εἰήτην/εἴτην | κεκλημένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν | κεκλημένοι εἴητε/εἶτε | κεκλημένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν | |||||
imperative | κέκλησο | κεκλήσθω | κέκλησθον | κεκλήσθων | κέκλησθε | κεκλήσθων | |||||||
active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
infinitive | κεκληκέναι | κεκλῆσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | κεκληκώς | κεκλημένος | ||||||||||
f | κεκληκυῖᾰ | κεκλημένη | |||||||||||
n | κεκληκός | κεκλημένον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Pluperfect: ἐκεκλήκειν, ἐκεκλήμην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐκεκλήκειν, ἐκεκλήκη |
ἐκεκλήκεις, ἐκεκλήκης |
ἐκεκλήκει(ν) | ἐκεκλήκετον | ἐκεκληκέτην | ἐκεκλήκεμεν | ἐκεκλήκετε | ἐκεκλήκεσᾰν | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐκεκλήμην | ἐκέκλησο | ἐκέκλητο | ἐκέκλησθον | ἐκεκλήσθην | ἐκεκλήμεθᾰ | ἐκέκλησθε | ἐκέκληντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Derived terms
- ἀνακαλέω (anakaléō)
- ἀντικαλέω (antikaléō)
- ἀποκαλέω (apokaléō)
- ἐγκαλέω (enkaléō)
- εἰσκαλέω (eiskaléō)
- ἐκκαλέω (ekkaléō)
- ἐπικαλέω (epikaléō)
- κατακαλέω (katakaléō)
- κέκλομαι (kéklomai)
- κικλήσκω (kiklḗskō)
- κλήδην (klḗdēn)
- κλητέος (klētéos)
- κλητήρ (klētḗr)
- κλητός (klētós)
- κλῆσις (klêsis)
- κλῄζω (klḗizō)
- μετακαλέω (metakaléō)
- παρακαλέω (parakaléō)
- προκαλέω (prokaléō)
- προσκαλέω (proskaléō)
- συγκαλέω (sunkaléō)
Descendants
- Greek: καλώ (kaló)
Related terms
- κλέω (kléō)
Further reading
- καλέω in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- καλέω in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- καλέω in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- καλέω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- καλέω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- καλέω in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G2564 in Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible, 1979
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill
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