κλείς

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms
  • κλαΐς (klaḯs) – Doric
  • κλᾶϊς (klâïs) – Aeolic
  • κληΐς (klēḯs) – Ionic
  • κλῄς (klḗis) – Attic

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *klāwī́ds, from Proto-Indo-European *kleh₂us (“nail, pin, hook - instruments, of old use for locking doors”). Cognate with Latin clāvus (“nail, pin”), Old Church Slavonic ключь (ključĭ, “key”).

Pronunciation
 

Noun

κλείς • (kleís) f (genitive κλειδός); third declension

  1. Something used to lock/unlock: key, bolt, bar
  2. A means to something: key
  3. The hook of a clasp
  4. collarbone
  5. The rowing bench of a ship (always in plural)
  6. A narrow strait or pass

Inflection
Third declension of ἡ κλείς; τῆς κλειδός (Attic)
Case / # Singular Dual Plural
Nominative ἡ κλείς
hē kleís		 τὼ κλεῖδε
tṑ kleîde		 αἱ κλεῖδες / κλεῖς
hai kleîdes / kleîs
Genitive τῆς κλειδός
tês kleidós		 τοῖν κλειδοῖν
toîn kleidoîn		 τῶν κλειδῶν
tôn kleidôn
Dative τῇ κλειδῐ́
têi kleidí		 τοῖν κλειδοῖν
toîn kleidoîn		 ταῖς κλεισῐ́ / κλεισῐ́ν
taîs kleisí(n)
Accusative τὴν κλεῖδᾰ / κλεῖν
tḕn kleîda / kleîn		 τὼ κλεῖδε
tṑ kleîde		 τᾱ̀ς κλεῖδᾰς / κλεῖς
tā̀s kleîdas / kleîs
Vocative κλείς
kleís		 κλεῖδε
kleîde		 κλεῖδες / κλεῖς
kleîdes / kleîs
Notes:
  • This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.
  • Nominative singular -ς (-s) arose by reduction of the original cluster *-ds.

Derived terms

Descendants

Further reading
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