κράτος

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

κάρτος (kártos) – Ionic, Epic
κρέτος (krétos) – Aeolic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *kret-. Cognates include Sanskrit क्रतु (krátu), Avestan 𐬑𐬭𐬀𐬙𐬎‎ (xratu-), and Old English heard (“hard”). More at hard.

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /krá.tos/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈkra.tos/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈkra.tos/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈkra.tos/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈkra.tos/

Noun

κρᾰ́τος • (krátos) n (genitive κρᾰ́τεος or κρᾰ́τους); third declension

might, strength
act of strength, act of valour
(in the plural) acts of violence
dominion, power
- 66-90 CE, Jude, Epistle of Jude 1.25:
  μόνῳ σοφῷ Θεῷ σωτῆρι ἡμῶν δόξα καὶ μεγαλωσύνη, κράτος καὶ ἐξουσία, καὶ νῦν καὶ εἰς πάντας τοὺς αἰῶνας Ἀμήν
  mónōi sophôi Theôi sōtêri hēmôn dóxa kaì megalōsúnē, krátos kaì exousía, kaì nûn kaì eis pántas toùs aiônas Amḗn
  To God, our saviour, who alone is wise, be glory and majesty, power and authority, both now and in every age, amen.

Inflection

Third declension of τὸ κρᾰ́τος; τοῦ κρᾰ́τους (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ κρᾰ́τος tò krátos	τὼ κρᾰ́τει tṑ krátei	τᾰ̀ κρᾰ́τη tà krátē
Genitive	τοῦ κρᾰ́τους toû krátous	τοῖν κρᾰτοῖν toîn kratoîn	τῶν κρᾰτῶν tôn kratôn
Dative	τῷ κρᾰ́τει tôi krátei	τοῖν κρᾰτοῖν toîn kratoîn	τοῖς κρᾰ́τεσῐ / κρᾰ́τεσῐν toîs krátesi(n)
Accusative	τὸ κρᾰ́τος tò krátos	τὼ κρᾰ́τει tṑ krátei	τᾰ̀ κρᾰ́τη tà krátē
Vocative	κρᾰ́τος krátos	κρᾰ́τει krátei	κρᾰ́τη krátē
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Third declension of κρᾰ́τος; κρᾰ́τεος (Epic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	κρᾰ́τος krátos	κρᾰ́τει / κρᾰ́τεε krátei / krátee	κρᾰ́τεᾰ krátea
Genitive	κρᾰ́τεος kráteos	κρᾰτέοιν kratéoin	κρᾰτέων kratéōn
Dative	κρᾰ́τει / κρᾰ́τεῐ̈ krátei / kráteï	κρᾰτέοιν kratéoin	κρᾰ́τεσῐ / κρᾰ́τεσῐν krátesi(n)
Accusative	κρᾰ́τος krátos	κρᾰ́τει / κρᾰ́τεε krátei / krátee	κρᾰ́τεᾰ krátea
Vocative	κρᾰ́τος krátos	κρᾰ́τει / κρᾰ́τεε krátei / krátee	κρᾰ́τεᾰ krátea
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Derived terms

ἀκρατής (akratḗs)
Ᾰ̓μφῐκρᾰ́της (Amphikrátēs)
Ᾰ̓νᾰξῐκρᾰ́της (Anaxikrátēs)
Ᾰ̓ντῐκρᾰ́της (Antikrátēs)
Δεινοκράτης (Deinokrátēs)
Δημοκράτης (Dēmokrátēs)
δικρατής (dikratḗs)
ἐγκρατής (enkratḗs)
ἐπικρατής (epikratḗs)
Ἑρμοκρᾰ́της (Hermokrátēs)
Εὐρυκράτης (Eurukrátēs)
Ἐχεκράτης (Ekhekrátēs)
Ῐ̔πποκρᾰ́της (Hippokrátēs)
ἰσοκρατής (isokratḗs)
Ἰσοκράτης (Isokrátēs)
Ῑ̓φῐκρᾰ́της (Īphikrátēs)
κρᾰ́ταιγος (krátaigos)
κρατέω (kratéō)
Κράτης (Krátēs)
Κράτιππος (Krátippos)
Κρᾰτῠ́λος (Kratúlos)
Μενεκρᾰ́της (Menekrátēs)
Ναύκρᾰτῐς (Naúkratis)
Ξενοκρᾰ́της (Xenokrátēs)
παγκρατής (pankratḗs)
περικρατής (perikratḗs)
πολυκρατής (polukratḗs)
Πολῠκρᾰ́της (Polukrátēs)
Σωκράτης (Sōkrátēs)
Τῑμοκρᾰ́της (Tīmokrátēs)
Τισικράτης (Tisikrátēs)
Φῐλοκρᾰ́της (Philokrátēs)

References

κράτος in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
κράτος in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
κράτος in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
κράτος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
κράτος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
κράτος in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
G2904 in Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible, 1979
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- Victory idem, page 1029.
- ascendency idem, page 43.
- authority idem, page 53.
- chieftainship idem, page 129.
- command idem, page 146.
- conquest idem, page 161.
- control idem, page 170.
- crown idem, page 186.
- direction idem, page 226.
- dominance idem, page 247.
- domination idem, page 247.
- empire idem, page 269.
- government idem, page 368.
- governorship idem, page 368.
- greatness idem, page 372.
- kingship idem, page 470.
- lordship idem, page 500.
- mastery idem, page 517.
- might idem, page 528.
- paramountcy idem, page 592.
- power idem, page 630.
- predominance idem, page 634.
- principality idem, page 641.
- reign idem, page 688.
- royalty idem, page 724.
- rule idem, page 725.
- sceptre idem, page 738.
- sovereignty idem, page 797.
- strength idem, page 824.
- superiority idem, page 839.
- supremacy idem, page 842.
- supreme idem, page 842.
- sway idem, page 847.
- throne idem, page 870.
- triumph idem, page 896.
- victory idem, page 951.

Greek

Etymology

From Ancient Greek κράτος (krátos, “might, power”), from Proto-Indo-European *kret-.

Noun

κράτος • (krátos) n (plural κράτη)

state, sovereign country

Declension

declension of κράτος

	singular	plural
nominative	κράτος •	κράτη •
genitive	κράτους •	κρατών •
accusative	κράτος •	κράτη •
vocative	κράτος •	κράτη •

Related terms

κρατικός (kratikós, “state, government”, adjective)
κρατώ (krató, “to detain, to hold”)
κρατιστής m (kratistís, “statist”)
κρατούμενος m (kratoúmenos, “prisoner, detainee”)
κρατούμενη f (kratoúmeni, “prisoner, detainee”)

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