μάρτυς

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

μᾰ́ρτῠρ (mártur) – Aeolic
μαίτυρς (maíturs) – Cretan

Etymology

Often assigned to Proto-Indo-European *(s)mer- (“to fall into thinking, remember, care for”)[1][2], which is acknowledged by Beekes, but he finds it unconvincing and instead derives it from Pre-Greek.[3]

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /már.tys/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈmar.tys/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈmar.tys/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈmar.tys/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈmar.tis/

Noun

μᾰ́ρτῠς • (mártus) m or f (genitive μᾰ́ρτῠρος); third declension

Declension

Third declension of ὁ, ἡ μᾰ́ρτῠς; τοῦ, τῆς μᾰ́ρτῠρος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ, ἡ μᾰ́ρτῠς ho, hē mártus	τὼ μᾰ́ρτῠρε tṑ márture	οἱ, αἱ μᾰ́ρτῠρες hoi, hai mártures
Genitive	τοῦ, τῆς μᾰ́ρτῠρος toû, tês márturos	τοῖν μᾰρτῠ́ροιν toîn martúroin	τῶν μᾰρτῠ́ρων tôn martúrōn
Dative	τῷ, τῇ μᾰ́ρτῠρῐ tôi, têi márturi	τοῖν μᾰρτῠ́ροιν toîn martúroin	τοῖς, ταῖς μᾰ́ρτῠρσῐ / μᾰ́ρτῠρσῐν toîs, taîs mártursi(n)
Accusative	τὸν, τὴν μᾰ́ρτῠρᾰ tòn, tḕn mártura	τὼ μᾰ́ρτῠρε tṑ márture	τοὺς, τᾱ̀ς μᾰ́ρτῠρᾰς toùs, tā̀s márturas
Vocative	μᾰ́ρτῠρ mártur	μᾰ́ρτῠρε márture	μᾰ́ρτῠρες mártures
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Descendants

Greek: μάρτυρας (mártyras)
→ Latin: martyr (see there for further descendants)
→ Old Armenian: մարտիրոս (martiros)
- Armenian: մարտիրոս (martiros)
→ Old Georgian: მარტჳლი (marṭwili)
- Georgian: მარტვილი (marṭvili)

References

Roberts, Edward A. (2014) A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Spanish Language with Families of Words based on Indo-European Roots, Xlibris Corporation, →ISBN
“μάρτυς” in The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989, →ISBN.
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill

μάρτυς in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
μάρτυρος in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
μάρτυς in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
μάρτυς in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
μάρτυς in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
G3144 in Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible, 1979
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- authority idem, page 53.
- witness idem, page 985.

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[1] Roberts, Edward A. (2014) A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Spanish Language with Families of Words based on Indo-European Roots, Xlibris Corporation, →ISBN

[2] “μάρτυς” in The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989, →ISBN.

[3] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill