πτάρνυμαι
Ancient Greek
Etymology
Presumably imitative or from a Proto-Indo-European root connected to Polish kichać, Russian чихать (čixatʹ), Lithuanian čiáudėti, Sanskrit क्षु (kṣu), Breton strevia and Latin sternuo (“I sneeze”).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ptár.ny.mai̯/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈptar.ny.mɛ/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈptar.ny.mɛ/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈptar.ny.me/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈptar.ni.me/
Conjugation
The present tense πταίρω (ptaírō) also occurs.
Present: πτᾰ́ρνῠμαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | πτᾰ́ρνῠμαι | πτᾰ́ρνῠσαι | πτᾰ́ρνῠται | πτᾰ́ρνῠσθον | πτᾰ́ρνῠσθον | πτᾰρνῠ́μεθα | πτᾰ́ρνῠσθε | πτᾰ́ρνῠνται | ||||
| subjunctive | πτᾰρνῠ́ωμαι | πτᾰρνῠ́ῃ | πτᾰρνῠ́ηται | πτᾰρνῠ́ησθον | πτᾰρνῠ́ησθον | πτᾰρνῠώμεθᾰ | πτᾰρνῠ́ησθε | πτᾰρνῠ́ωνται | |||||
| optative | πτᾰρνῠοίμην | πτᾰρνῠ́οιο | πτᾰρνῠ́οιτο | πτᾰρνῠ́οισθον | πτᾰρνῠοίσθην | πτᾰρνῠοίμεθᾰ | πτᾰρνῠ́οισθε | πτᾰρνῠ́οιντο | |||||
| imperative | πτᾰ́ρνῠσο | πτᾰρνῠ́σθω | πτᾰ́ρνῠσθον | πτᾰρνῠ́σθων | πτᾰ́ρνῠσθε | πτᾰρνῠ́σθων | |||||||
| middle/passive | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | πτᾰ́ρνῠσθαι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | πτᾰρνῠ́μενος | |||||||||||
| f | πτᾰρνῠμένη | ||||||||||||
| n | πτᾰρνῠ́μενον | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Aorist: ἔπτᾰρον
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἔπτᾰρον | ἔπτᾰρες | ἔπτᾰρε(ν) | ἐπτᾰ́ρετον | ἐπτᾰρέτην | ἐπτᾰ́ρομεν | ἐπτᾰ́ρετε | ἔπτᾰρον | ||||
| subjunctive | πτᾰ́ρω | πτᾰ́ρῃς | πτᾰ́ρῃ | πτᾰ́ρητον | πτᾰ́ρητον | πτᾰ́ρωμεν | πτᾰ́ρητε | πτᾰ́ρωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | πτᾰ́ροιμῐ | πτᾰ́ροις | πτᾰ́ροι | πτᾰ́ροιτον | πτᾰροίτην | πτᾰ́ροιμεν | πτᾰ́ροιτε | πτᾰ́ροιεν | |||||
| imperative | πτᾰ́ρε | πτᾰρέτω | πτᾰ́ρετον | πτᾰρέτων | πτᾰ́ρετε | πτᾰρόντων | |||||||
| active | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | πτᾰρεῖν | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | πτᾰρών | |||||||||||
| f | πτᾰροῦσᾰ | ||||||||||||
| n | πτᾰρόν | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Further reading
- πταίρω in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
References
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill
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