ϫⲱ
Coptic
Conjugation
| infinitive | ⲉϫⲱ ejō |
negative infinitive | ⲉϣⲧⲉⲙϫⲱ eštemjō | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| imperative | ϫⲱ jō |
negative imperative | ⲙⲡⲉⲣϫⲱ mperjō | |||||||
| singular | plural | Nominative | ||||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||||
| masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | |||||||
| Durative sentences | ||||||||||
| ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛⲑⲟ | ⲛⲑⲟϥ | ⲛⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - | ||
| present | simple present | ϯϫⲱ tijō |
ⲕϫⲱ kjō |
ⲧⲉϫⲱ tejō |
ϥϫⲱ fjō |
ⲥϫⲱ sjō |
ⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ tenjō |
ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ tetenjō |
ⲥⲉϫⲱ sejō |
ϫⲱ jō |
| circumstantial | ⲉⲓϫⲱ eijō |
ⲉⲕϫⲱ ekjō |
ⲉⲣⲉϫⲱ erejō |
ⲉϥϫⲱ efjō |
ⲉⲥϫⲱ esjō |
ⲉⲛϫⲱ enjō |
ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ eretenjō |
ⲉⲩϫⲱ eujō |
ⲉⲣⲉ - ϫⲱ ere - jō | |
| focalising | ⲁⲓϫⲱ aijō |
ⲁⲕϫⲱ akjō |
ⲁⲣⲉϫⲱ arejō |
ⲁϥϫⲱ afjō |
ⲁⲥϫⲱ asjō |
ⲁⲛϫⲱ anjō |
ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ aretenjō |
ⲁⲩϫⲱ aujō |
ⲁⲣⲉ - ϫⲱ are - jō | |
| preterite | ⲛⲁⲓϫⲱ naijō |
ⲛⲁⲕϫⲱ nakjō |
ⲛⲁⲣⲉϫⲱ narejō |
ⲛⲁϥϫⲱ nafjō |
ⲛⲁⲥϫⲱ nasjō |
ⲛⲁⲛϫⲱ nanjō |
ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ naretenjō |
ⲛⲁⲩϫⲱ naujō |
ⲛⲁⲣⲉ - ϫⲱ nare - jō | |
| relative | ⲉϯϫⲱ etijō |
ⲉⲧⲉⲕϫⲱ etekjō |
ⲉⲧⲉϫⲱ etejō |
ⲉⲧⲉϥϫⲱ etefjō |
ⲉⲧⲉⲥϫⲱ etesjō |
ⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ etenjō |
ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ etetenjō |
ⲉⲧⲟⲩϫⲱ etoujō |
ⲉⲧⲉ - ϫⲱ ete - jō | |
| future | simple future | ϯⲛⲁϫⲱ tinajō |
ⲭⲛⲁϫⲱ khnajō |
ⲧⲉⲛⲁϫⲱ tenajō |
ϥⲛⲁϫⲱ fnajō |
ⲥⲛⲁϫⲱ snajō |
ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϫⲱ tennajō |
ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁϫⲱ tetenajō |
ⲥⲉⲛⲁϫⲱ senajō |
ⲛⲁϫⲱ najō |
| circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲛⲁϫⲱ einajō |
ⲉⲭⲛⲁϫⲱ ekhnajō |
ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁϫⲱ erenajō |
ⲉϥⲛⲁϫⲱ efnajō |
ⲉⲥⲛⲁϫⲱ esnajō |
ⲉⲛⲛⲁϫⲱ ennajō |
ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϫⲱ eretennajō |
ⲉⲩⲛⲁϫⲱ eunajō |
ⲉⲣⲉ - ⲛⲁϫⲱ ere - najō | |
| focalising | ⲁⲓⲛⲁϫⲱ ainajō |
ⲁⲭⲛⲁϫⲱ akhnajō |
ⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁϫⲱ arenajō |
ⲁϥⲛⲁϫⲱ afnajō |
ⲁⲥⲛⲁϫⲱ asnajō |
ⲁⲛⲛⲁϫⲱ annajō |
ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϫⲱ aretennajō |
ⲁⲩⲛⲁϫⲱ aunajō |
ⲁⲣⲉ - ⲛⲁϫⲱ are - najō | |
| preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲛⲁϫⲱ nainajō |
ⲛⲁⲭⲛⲁϫⲱ nakhnajō |
ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁϫⲱ narenajō |
ⲛⲁϥⲛⲁϫⲱ nafnajō |
ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲁϫⲱ nasnajō |
ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲁϫⲱ nannajō |
ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϫⲱ naretennajō |
ⲛaⲩⲛⲁϫⲱ naunajō |
ⲛaⲣⲉ - ⲛⲁϫⲱ nare - najō | |
| unreal conditional | ⲉⲛⲁⲓⲛⲁϫⲱ enainajō |
ⲉⲛⲁⲭⲛⲁϫⲱ enakhnajō |
ⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁϫⲱ enarenajō |
ⲉⲛⲁϥⲛⲁϫⲱ enafnajō |
ⲉⲛⲁⲥⲛⲁϫⲱ enasnajō |
ⲉⲛⲁⲛⲛⲁϫⲱ enannajō |
ⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϫⲱ enaretennajō |
ⲉⲛaⲩⲛⲁϫⲱ enaunajō |
ⲉⲛaⲣⲉ - ⲛⲁϫⲱ enare - najō | |
| relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁϫⲱ etinajō |
ⲉⲧⲉⲭⲛⲁϫⲱ etekhnajō |
ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁϫⲱ etenajō |
ⲉⲧⲉϥⲛⲁϫⲱ etefnajō |
ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲛⲁϫⲱ etesnajō |
ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϫⲱ etennajō |
ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϫⲱ etetennajō |
ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁϫⲱ etounajō |
ⲉⲧⲉ - ⲛⲁϫⲱ ete - najō | |
| Non-durative sentences | ||||||||||
| ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛⲑⲟ | ⲛⲑⲟϥ | ⲛⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - | ||
| past | affirmative | ⲁⲓϫⲱ aijō |
ⲁⲕϫⲱ akjō |
ⲁⲣⲉϫⲱ arejō |
ⲁϥϫⲱ afjō |
ⲁⲥϫⲱ asjō |
ⲁⲛϫⲱ anjō |
ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ aretenjō |
ⲁⲩϫⲱ aujō |
ⲁ - ϫⲱ a - jō |
| negative | ⲙⲡⲓϫⲱ mpijō |
ⲙⲡⲉⲕϫⲱ mpekjō |
ⲙⲡⲉϫⲱ mpejō |
ⲙⲡⲉϥϫⲱ mpefjō |
ⲙⲡⲉⲥϫⲱ mpesjō |
ⲙⲡⲉⲛϫⲱ mpenjō |
ⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ mpetenjō |
ⲙⲡⲟⲩϫⲱ mpoujō |
ⲙⲡⲉ - ϫⲱ mpe - jō | |
| affirmative preterite | ⲛⲉⲁⲓϫⲱ neaijō |
ⲛⲉⲁⲕϫⲱ neakjō |
ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉϫⲱ nearejō |
ⲛⲉⲁϥϫⲱ neafjō |
ⲛⲉⲁⲥϫⲱ neasjō |
ⲛⲉⲁⲛϫⲱ neanjō |
ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ nearetenjō |
ⲛⲉⲁⲩϫⲱ neaujō |
ⲛⲉⲁ - ϫⲱ nea - jō | |
| negative preterite | ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲓϫⲱ nempijō |
ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕϫⲱ nempekjō |
ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉϫⲱ nempejō |
ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉϥϫⲱ nempefjō |
ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥϫⲱ nempesjō |
ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛϫⲱ nempenjō |
ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ nempetenjō |
ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲟⲩϫⲱ nempoujō |
ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉ - ϫⲱ nempe - jō | |
| circumstantial | ⲉⲁⲓϫⲱ eaijō |
ⲉⲁⲕϫⲱ eakjō |
ⲉⲁϫⲱ eajō |
ⲉⲁϥϫⲱ eafjō |
ⲉⲁⲥϫⲱ easjō |
ⲉⲁⲛϫⲱ eanjō |
ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ eatetenjō |
ⲉⲁⲩϫⲱ eaujō |
ⲉⲁ - ϫⲱ ea - jō | |
| focalising, relative, precursive | ⲉⲧⲁⲓϫⲱ etaijō |
ⲉⲧⲁⲕϫⲱ etakjō |
ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉϫⲱ etarejō |
ⲉⲧⲁϥϫⲱ etafjō |
ⲉⲧⲁⲥϫⲱ etasjō |
ⲉⲧⲁⲛϫⲱ etanjō |
ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ etaretenjō |
ⲉⲧⲁⲩϫⲱ etaujō |
ⲉⲧⲁ - ϫⲱ eta - jō | |
| aorist | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓϫⲱ šaijō |
ϣⲁⲕϫⲱ šakjō |
ϣⲁⲣⲉϫⲱ šarejō |
ϣⲁϥϫⲱ šafjō |
ϣⲁⲥϫⲱ šasjō |
ϣⲁⲛϫⲱ šanjō |
ϣⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ šaretenjō |
ϣⲁⲩϫⲱ šaujō |
ϣⲁⲣⲉ - ϫⲱ šare - jō |
| negative | ⲙⲡⲁⲓϫⲱ mpaijō |
ⲙⲡⲁⲕϫⲱ mpakjō |
ⲙⲡⲁⲣⲉϫⲱ mparejō |
ⲙⲡⲁϥϫⲱ mpafjō |
ⲙⲡⲁⲥϫⲱ mpasjō |
ⲙⲡⲁⲛϫⲱ mpanjō |
ⲙⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ mparetenjō |
ⲙⲡⲁⲩϫⲱ mpaujō |
ⲙⲡⲁⲣⲉ - ϫⲱ mpare - jō | |
| optative | affirmative | ⲉⲓⲉϫⲱ eiejō |
ⲉⲕⲉϫⲱ ekejō |
ⲉⲣⲉϫⲱ erejō |
ⲉϥⲉϫⲱ efejō |
ⲉⲥⲉϫⲱ esejō |
ⲉⲛⲉϫⲱ enejō |
ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉϫⲱ eretenejō |
ⲉⲩⲉϫⲱ euejō |
ⲉⲣⲉ - ϫⲱ ere - jō |
| negative | ⲛⲛⲁϫⲱ nnajō |
ⲛⲛⲉⲕϫⲱ nnekjō |
ⲛⲛⲉϫⲱ nnejō |
ⲛⲛⲉϥϫⲱ nnefjō |
ⲛⲛⲉⲥϫⲱ nnesjō |
ⲛⲛⲉⲛϫⲱ nnenjō |
ⲛⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ nnetenjō |
ⲛⲛⲟⲩϫⲱ nnoujō |
ⲛⲛⲉ - ϫⲱ nne - jō | |
| jussive, causative | affirmative jussive | ⲙⲁⲣⲓϫⲱ marijō |
ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲕϫⲱ marekjō |
ⲙⲁⲣⲉϫⲱ marejō |
ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥϫⲱ marefjō |
ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥϫⲱ maresjō |
ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲛϫⲱ marenjō |
ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ maretenjō |
ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩϫⲱ maroujō |
ⲙⲁⲣⲉ - ϫⲱ mare - jō |
| affirmative causative | ⲑⲣⲓϫⲱ thrijō |
ⲑⲣⲉⲕϫⲱ threkjō |
ⲑⲣⲉϫⲱ threjō |
ⲑⲣⲉϥϫⲱ threfjō |
ⲑⲣⲉⲥϫⲱ thresjō |
ⲑⲣⲉⲛϫⲱ threnjō |
ⲑⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ thretenjō |
ⲑⲣⲟⲩϫⲱ throujō |
ⲑⲣⲉ - ϫⲱ thre - jō | |
| negative jussive, negative causative |
ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲓϫⲱ mpenthrijō |
ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲕϫⲱ mpenthrekjō |
ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉϫⲱ mpenthrejō |
ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉϥϫⲱ mpenthrefjō |
ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲥϫⲱ mpenthresjō |
ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲛϫⲱ mpenthrenjō |
ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ mpenthretenjō |
ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲟⲩϫⲱ mpenthroujō |
ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉ - ϫⲱ mpenthre - jō | |
| Subordinate clause | ||||||||||
| ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛⲑⲟ | ⲛⲑⲟϥ | ⲛⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - | ||
| real conditional | affirmative | ⲁⲓϣⲁⲛϫⲱ aišanjō |
ⲁⲕϣⲁⲛϫⲱ akšanjō |
ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛϫⲱ arešanjō |
ⲁϥϣⲁⲛϫⲱ afšanjō |
ⲁⲥϣⲁⲛϫⲱ asšanjō |
ⲁⲛϣⲁⲛϫⲱ anšanjō |
ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲛϫⲱ aretenšanjō |
ⲁⲩϣⲁⲛϫⲱ aušanjō |
ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛ - ϫⲱ arešan - jō |
| negative | ⲁⲓϣⲧⲉⲙϫⲱ aištemjō |
ⲁⲕϣⲧⲉⲙϫⲱ akštemjō |
ⲁⲣⲉϣⲧⲉⲙϫⲱ areštemjō |
ⲁϥϣⲧⲉⲙϫⲱ afštemjō |
ⲁⲥϣⲧⲉⲙϫⲱ asštemjō |
ⲁⲛϣⲧⲉⲙϫⲱ anštemjō |
ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲧⲉⲙϫⲱ aretenštemjō |
ⲁⲩϣⲧⲉⲙϫⲱ auštemjō |
ⲁⲣⲉϣⲧⲉⲙ - ϫⲱ areštem - jō | |
| conjunctive | affirmative | ⲛⲧⲁϫⲱ ntajō |
ⲛⲧⲉⲕϫⲱ ntekjō |
ⲛⲧⲉϫⲱ ntejō |
ⲛⲧⲉϥϫⲱ ntefjō |
ⲛⲧⲉⲥϫⲱ ntesjō |
ⲛⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ ntenjō |
ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ ntetenjō |
ⲛⲥⲉϫⲱ, ⲛⲧⲟⲩϫⲱ nsejō, ntoujō |
ⲛⲧⲉ - ϫⲱ nte - jō |
| negative | ⲛⲧⲁϣⲧⲉⲙϫⲱ ntaštemjō |
ⲛⲧⲉⲕϣⲧⲉⲙϫⲱ ntekštemjō |
ⲛⲧⲉϣⲧⲉⲙϫⲱ nteštemjō |
ⲛⲧⲉϥϣⲧⲉⲙϫⲱ ntefštemjō |
ⲛⲧⲉⲥϣⲧⲉⲙϫⲱ ntesštemjō |
ⲛⲧⲉⲛϣⲧⲉⲙϫⲱ ntenštemjō |
ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲧⲉⲙϫⲱ ntetenštemjō |
ⲛⲧⲟⲩϣⲧⲉⲙϫⲱ ntouštemjō |
ⲛⲧⲉϣⲧⲉⲙ - ϫⲱ nteštem - jō | |
| limitive, expectative | limitative | ϣⲁϯϫⲱ šatijō |
ϣⲁⲧⲉⲕϫⲱ šatekjō |
ϣⲁⲧⲉϫⲱ šatejō |
ϣⲁⲧⲉϥϫⲱ šatefjō |
ϣⲁⲧⲉⲥϫⲱ šatesjō |
ϣⲁⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ šatenjō |
ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ šatetenjō |
ϣⲁⲧⲟⲩϫⲱ šatoujō |
ϣⲁⲧⲉ - ϫⲱ šate - jō |
| expectative | ⲙⲡⲁϯϫⲱ mpatijō |
ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕϫⲱ mpatekjō |
ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϫⲱ mpatejō |
ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϥϫⲱ mpatefjō |
ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϫⲱ mpatesjō |
ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ mpatenjō |
ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ mpatetenjō |
ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϫⲱ mpatoujō |
ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉ - ϫⲱ mpate - jō | |
References
- Černý, Jaroslav (1976) Coptic Etymological Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN
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