до-

From Proto-Slavic *do.

• IPA^(key): [də]
• IPA^(key): [ˈdo] (when stressed)

до- • (do-)

1. (used with verbs) up to

   ‎до- (do-) + ‎-йти́ (-jtí, “to go”) → ‎дойти́ (dojtí, “to go up to, to reach”)

2. (used with verbs) completely (describing a completion of an action to its end)

   ‎до- (do-) + ‎чита́ть (čitátʹ, “to read”) → ‎дочита́ть (dočitátʹ, “to finish reading”)

• The stressed variant is found in the following situations:
  1. the past participle of verbs with a one-syllable root ending in -ать: e.g. до́сланный (dóslannyj) from досла́ть (doslátʹ), до́рванный (dórvannyj) from дорва́ть (dorvátʹ);
  2. the past tense of some verbs with a one-syllable root: e.g. до́лил, доли́л (dólil, dolíl, masculine singular past tense) from доли́ть (dolítʹ, “to fill by pouring, to pour more”);
  3. some deverbal nouns: e.g. до́говор (dógovor, “contract, agreement, treaty”) from договори́ться (dogovorítʹsja, “to agree”), до́мысел (dómysel, “guesswork, speculation”) from домы́слить (domýslitʹ), до́пуск (dópusk, “access, admittance”) from допуска́ть (dopuskátʹ, “to admit”);
  4. some adverbs: e.g. до́низу (dónizu, “to the bottom”), до́чиста (dóčista, “until spotless”).

• до (do)