тормоз

Russian

Etymology

From Ancient Greek τόρμος (tórmos, “socket into which a pin or peg is inserted”), See Russian etymological dictionary—Terence R. Wade, Terence Leslie Brian Wade.

Oleg Trubachev thinks Greek origin is unlikely. Nikolai Dmitriev suggests adoption from Turkic turmaz ("not stoppable" or "pad for the wheel of waggon"). See «Лексикографический сборник», 3, 1958, p. 45

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈtorməs]
Audio (file)

Noun

то́рмоз • (tórmoz) m inan (genitive то́рмоза, nominative plural тормоза́, genitive plural тормозо́в)

brake, brakes
(figuratively) drag
(figuratively) slow-witted person, retard

Declension

Declension of то́рмоз (inan masc-form hard-stem accent-c irreg)

	singular	plural
nominative	то́рмоз tórmoz	тормоза́^△ tormozá^△
genitive	то́рмоза tórmoza	тормозо́в tormozóv
dative	то́рмозу tórmozu	тормоза́м tormozám
accusative	то́рмоз tórmoz	тормоза́^△ tormozá^△
instrumental	то́рмозом tórmozom	тормоза́ми tormozámi
prepositional	то́рмозе tórmoze	тормоза́х tormozáx

^△Irregular.

Derived terms

тормози́ть (tormozítʹ)
тормозно́й (tormoznój)

Descendants

Armenian: տորմուզ (tormuz)
Azerbaijani: tormoz, tormuz
Kazakh: тормез (tormez)
Kyrgyz: тормоз (tormoz)
Mongolian: тоормос (toormos)
Persian: ترمز‎ (tormoz)
Tajik: тормоз (tormoz)
Turkmen: tormoz
Uzbek: tormoz

References

Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “тормоз”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Trubačóv O. N., Moscow: Progress

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