թեշի
Armenian
Alternative forms
- թէշի (tʿēši) – traditional orthography spelling, dialectological notation
- թեշիկ (tʿešik) – Akhaltsikhe, Erzurum
Etymology
Related to Northern Kurdish teşî, Central Kurdish تەشی (teşî), تەشوو (teşû), Southern Kurdish, Laki تەشی (teşî, “spindle”), dialectal Turkish terşi, teşi, teşik, tişe (“apparatus for skeining wool”), dialectal Azerbaijani teşi (“spindle”), Hulaulá taši (“hand-spindle”), Chaldean Neo-Aramaic ܬܲܫܝܼܵܐ (taššiya, “spindle”). Most of these are usually treated as Armenian borrowings. Possibly also related to Yagnobi ташк (tašk), Ormuri [script needed] (tisk, “spindle”), which are usually connected to another group of Iranian words with an initial č-.[1][2]
The ultimate origin is uncertain.
Martirosyan derives from Proto-Indo-European *tetḱ- (“to cut, hew”), either as an inheritance or a borrowing from the Iranian cognate: compare from that root Persian تیشه (tiše), تش (taš, “hatchet, axe, adze”), Central Kurdish تەشوێ (teşwê), Northern Kurdish tevşo (“adze”). For the semantic relationship between the weaving and hewing activities he adduces Old High German dehsa (“adze”), Middle High German dëhse (“adze”) → German Dechse (“adze”) from Proto-Indo-European *tetḱ- (“to cut, to hew”),[3] which exposes a side-meaning “distaff” in Middle High German, as a distaff is held in the left hand and swung for pulling out the filament, that is spinning it, the verb Middle High German dëhsen, German dechsen from the adze noun meaning “to swing”, also present in Middle Low German dīse, dīsene, dīsne f, dīse, dīsen m (“distaff; flax coiled around the distaff”), German Low German Diesse f (“distaff; wisp of flax for spinning”)[4].
Pronunciation
- (Eastern Armenian, standard) IPA(key): [tʰɛˈʃi]
- Hyphenation: թե‧շի
Declension
| singular | plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | թեշի (tʿeši) | թեշիներ (tʿešiner) | ||
| dative | թեշու (tʿešu) | թեշիների (tʿešineri) | ||
| ablative | թեշուց (tʿešucʿ) | թեշիներից (tʿešinericʿ) | ||
| instrumental | թեշով (tʿešov) | թեշիներով (tʿešinerov) | ||
| locative | թեշում (tʿešum) | թեշիներում (tʿešinerum) | ||
| definite forms | ||||
| nominative | թեշին (tʿešin) | թեշիները/թեշիներն (tʿešinerə/tʿešinern) | ||
| dative | թեշուն (tʿešun) | թեշիներին (tʿešinerin) | ||
| 1st person possessive forms (my) | ||||
| nominative | թեշիս (tʿešis) | թեշիներս (tʿešiners) | ||
| dative | թեշուս (tʿešus) | թեշիներիս (tʿešineris) | ||
| ablative | թեշուցս (tʿešucʿs) | թեշիներիցս (tʿešinericʿs) | ||
| instrumental | թեշովս (tʿešovs) | թեշիներովս (tʿešinerovs) | ||
| locative | թեշումս (tʿešums) | թեշիներումս (tʿešinerums) | ||
| 2nd person possessive forms (your) | ||||
| nominative | թեշիդ (tʿešid) | թեշիներդ (tʿešinerd) | ||
| dative | թեշուդ (tʿešud) | թեշիներիդ (tʿešinerid) | ||
| ablative | թեշուցդ (tʿešucʿd) | թեշիներիցդ (tʿešinericʿd) | ||
| instrumental | թեշովդ (tʿešovd) | թեշիներովդ (tʿešinerovd) | ||
| locative | թեշումդ (tʿešumd) | թեշիներումդ (tʿešinerumd) | ||
References
- Andrejev, M. S.; Peščereva, Je. M. (1957), “tašk”, in Jagnobskije teksty s priloženijem jagnobsko-russkovo slovarja, sostavlennovo M. S. Andrejevym, V. A. Livšicem i A. K. Pisarči [Yagnobi Texts with a Yagnobi–Russian Dictionary Compiled by M. S. Andrejev, V. A. Livšic and A. K. Pisarči] (in Russian), Moscow, Leningrad: USSR Academy of Sciences, page 333a
- Morgenstierne, Georg (1938) Iranian Pamir Languages (Yidgha-Munji, Sanglechi-Ishkashmi and Wakhi) (Indo-Iranian Frontier Languages), volume II, Oslo: H. Aschehoug & Co., page 204a
- Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 286
- Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Althochdeutschen, volume 2, Göttingen und Zürich: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1998, →ISBN, column 565
Further reading
- Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1913), “թեշի”, in Hayerēn gawaṙakan baṙaran [Armenian Provincial Dictionary] (Ēminean azgagrakan žołovacu; 9) (in Armenian), Tiflis: Lazarev Institute of Oriental Languages, page 357b
- Amatuni, Sahak (1912), “առիջկան”, in Hayocʿ baṙ u ban [Armenian Words and Idioms] (in Armenian), Vagharshapat: Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin, page 57a
- Cabolov, R. L. (2010) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ kurdskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Kurdish Language] (in Russian), volume II, Moscow: Russian Academy Press Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 384–385
- Chyet, Michael L. (2003), “tevşo”, in Kurdish–English Dictionary, with selected etymologies by Martin Schwartz, New Haven and London: Yale University Press, page 611b
- Dankoff, Robert (1995) Armenian Loanwords in Turkish (Turcologica; 21), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, pages 47–48
- Gayayan, Harutʿyun (1977), “Gorgagorcutʿyan meǰ kiraṙvoł hayeren pʿoxaṙyal baṙer tʿurkʿerenum [Armenian Borrowings in Turkish, Used in Carpet Making]”, in Lraber Hasarakakan Gitutyunneri [Herald of the Social Sciences] (in Armenian), issue 8, pages 97–98
- Jaba, Auguste; Justi, Ferdinand (1879) Dictionnaire Kurde-Français [Kurdish–French Dictionary], Saint Petersburg: Imperial Academy of Sciences, page 100b
- Nawasardeancʿ, Tigran (1903), “թէշի”, in Baṙgirkʿ Araratean barbaṙi [Dictionary of Ararat Dialect] (in Armenian), Tiflis: Tparan Movsēs Vardaneancʿi, page 41a