بغل

Arabic

Etymology

In view of the Sabaean Old South Arabian 𐩨𐩶𐩡‎, attested once from the 1^st century CE, Arabic has probably borrowed thence and not from Ge'ez በቅል (bäḳl) as formerly claimed.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /baɣl/

Noun

بَغْل • (baḡl) m (plural بِغَال‎ (biḡāl) or أَبْغَال‎ (ʾabḡāl), feminine بَغْلَة‎ (baḡla))

mule
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 16:8:
  
  ‏وَخَلَقَ اللَّٰهُ الْخَيْلَ وَالْبِغَالَ وَالْحَمِيرَ لِتَرْكَبُوهَا وَزِينَةً‎
  wa-ḵalaqa llāhu l-ḵayla wa-l-biḡāla wa-l-ḥamīra li-tarkabū-hā wa-zīnatan
  And God created horses, mules, and asses for you to ride on and as an embellishment.

Declension

Declension of noun بَغْل (baḡl)

Singular	Masculine			Feminine
	basic singular triptote			singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	بَغْل baḡl	الْبَغْل‎ al-baḡl	بَغْل baḡl	بَغْلَة‎ baḡla	الْبَغْلَة‎ al-baḡla	بَغْلَة‎ baḡlat
Nominative	بَغْلٌ baḡlun	الْبَغْلُ‎ al-baḡlu	بَغْلُ baḡlu	بَغْلَةٌ‎ baḡlatun	الْبَغْلَةُ‎ al-baḡlatu	بَغْلَةُ‎ baḡlatu
Accusative	بَغْلًا‎ baḡlan	الْبَغْلَ‎ al-baḡla	بَغْلَ baḡla	بَغْلَةً‎ baḡlatan	الْبَغْلَةَ‎ al-baḡlata	بَغْلَةَ‎ baḡlata
Genitive	بَغْلٍ baḡlin	الْبَغْلِ‎ al-baḡli	بَغْلِ baḡli	بَغْلَةٍ‎ baḡlatin	الْبَغْلَةِ‎ al-baḡlati	بَغْلَةِ‎ baḡlati
Dual	Masculine			Feminine
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	بَغْلَيْن‎ baḡlayn	الْبَغْلَيْن‎ al-baḡlayn	بَغْلَيْ‎ baḡlay	بَغْلَتَيْن‎ baḡlatayn	الْبَغْلَتَيْن‎ al-baḡlatayn	بَغْلَتَيْ‎ baḡlatay
Nominative	بَغْلَانِ‎ baḡlāni	الْبَغْلَانِ‎ al-baḡlāni	بَغْلَا‎ baḡlā	بَغْلَتَانِ‎ baḡlatāni	الْبَغْلَتَانِ‎ al-baḡlatāni	بَغْلَتَا‎ baḡlatā
Accusative	بَغْلَيْنِ‎ baḡlayni	الْبَغْلَيْنِ‎ al-baḡlayni	بَغْلَيْ‎ baḡlay	بَغْلَتَيْنِ‎ baḡlatayni	الْبَغْلَتَيْنِ‎ al-baḡlatayni	بَغْلَتَيْ‎ baḡlatay
Genitive	بَغْلَيْنِ‎ baḡlayni	الْبَغْلَيْنِ‎ al-baḡlayni	بَغْلَيْ‎ baḡlay	بَغْلَتَيْنِ‎ baḡlatayni	الْبَغْلَتَيْنِ‎ al-baḡlatayni	بَغْلَتَيْ‎ baḡlatay
Plural	Masculine			Feminine
	basic broken plural triptote			sound feminine plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	بِغَال‎‎; أَبْغَال‎ biḡāl‎; ʾabḡāl	الْبِغَال‎‎; الْأَبْغَال‎ al-biḡāl‎; al-ʾabḡāl	بِغَال‎‎; أَبْغَال‎ biḡāl‎; ʾabḡāl	بَغَلَات‎ baḡalāt	الْبَغَلَات‎ al-baḡalāt	بَغَلَات‎ baḡalāt
Nominative	بِغَالٌ‎‎; أَبْغَالٌ‎ biḡālun‎; ʾabḡālun	الْبِغَالُ‎‎; الْأَبْغَالُ‎ al-biḡālu‎; al-ʾabḡālu	بِغَالُ‎‎; أَبْغَالُ‎ biḡālu‎; ʾabḡālu	بَغَلَاتٌ‎ baḡalātun	الْبَغَلَاتُ‎ al-baḡalātu	بَغَلَاتُ‎ baḡalātu
Accusative	بِغَالًا‎‎; أَبْغَالًا‎ biḡālan‎; ʾabḡālan	الْبِغَالَ‎‎; الْأَبْغَالَ‎ al-biḡāla‎; al-ʾabḡāla	بِغَالَ‎‎; أَبْغَالَ‎ biḡāla‎; ʾabḡāla	بَغَلَاتٍ‎ baḡalātin	الْبَغَلَاتِ‎ al-baḡalāti	بَغَلَاتِ‎ baḡalāti
Genitive	بِغَالٍ‎‎; أَبْغَالٍ‎ biḡālin‎; ʾabḡālin	الْبِغَالِ‎‎; الْأَبْغَالِ‎ al-biḡāli‎; al-ʾabḡāli	بِغَالِ‎‎; أَبْغَالِ‎ biḡāli‎; ʾabḡāli	بَغَلَاتٍ‎ baḡalātin	الْبَغَلَاتِ‎ al-baḡalāti	بَغَلَاتِ‎ baḡalāti

Descendants

Maltese: bagħal
→ Classical Syriac: ܒܰܓܠܳܐ‎ (baglā)
→ Swahili: baghala

References

Jeffery, Arthur (1938) The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qurʾān (Gaekwad’s Oriental Series; 79), Baroda: Oriental Institute, page 82
Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 110
Hommel, Fritz (1879) Die Namen der Säugethiere bei den südsemitischen Völkern als Beiträge zur arabischen und äthiopischen Lexicographie, zur semitischen Kulturforschung und Sprachvergleichung und zur Geschichte der Mittelmeerfauna. Mit steter Berücksichtigung auch der assyrischen und hebräischen Thiernamen und geographischen und literaturgeschichtlichen Excursen‎ (in German), Leipzig: J. C. Hinrichs’sche Buchhandlung, pages 112–117
Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860), “بغل”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et C^ie, page 146
Lane, Edward William (1863), “بغل”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, page 230
Leslau, Wolf (1991) Comparative Dictionary of Geʿez (Classical Ethiopic), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 101
Militarev, Alexander; Kogan, Leonid (2000–2005) Semitic Etymological Dictionary, Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, pages 77–78
Nöldeke, Theodor (1910) Neue Beiträge zur semitischen Sprachwissenschaft‎ (in German), Straßburg: Karl J. Trübner, page 58

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