دشمن
Azerbaijani
| Other scripts | |
|---|---|
| Cyrillic | дүшмән |
| Roman | düşmən |
| Perso-Arabic | دوشمن, دشمن |
Noun
دشمن (düşmən) (definite accusative دشمنی (düşməni), plural دشمنلر (düşmənlər))
Declension
Declension of دشمن
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | دشمن | دشمنلر |
| definite accusative | دشمنی | دشمنلری |
| dative | دشمنه | دشمنلره |
| locative | دشمنده | دشمنلرده |
| ablative | دشمندن | دشمنلردن |
| definite genitive | دشمنین | دشمنلرین |
Ottoman Turkish
Alternative forms
- دشمن (düşman)
Persian
Etymology
From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (dwšmn'), [Book Pahlavi needed] (dwšmyn'), 𐫅𐫇𐫢𐫖𐫏𐫗 (dwšmyn /dušmēn/, “enemy”), from Proto-Iranian *dušmanah, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dews- (“bad”) + *men- (“mind”).
Pronunciation
- (Iranian Persian) IPA(key): [doʃˈmæn]
Noun
| Dari Persian | دشمن |
|---|---|
| Iranian Persian | دشمن |
| Tajiki Persian | душман (dušman) |
دشمن • (došman) (plural دشمنان (došmanân))
Inflection
basic forms of دشمن
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| bare | دشمن (došmán) | دشمن‌ها (došman-hấ) دشمنا (došmanấ) (colloquial) |
| definitive direct object | دشمن را (došmán râ) دشمن رو (došmáno) (colloquial) |
دشمن‌ها را (došman-hấ râ) دشمنا رو (došmanấ ro) (colloquial) |
| ezâfé | دشمن (došmán-e) | دشمن‌های (došman-hấ-ye) دشمنای (došmanấ-ye) (colloquial) |
| marked indefinite, relative definite |
دشمنی (došmán-i) | دشمن‌هایی (došmanấn-i, došman-hấ-i) دشمنایی (došmanấi) (colloquial) |
possessive forms of دشمن
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| 1st person singular (my) | دشمنم (došmánam) | دشمن‌هایم (došman-hấyam) دشمن‌هام، دشمنام (došmanấm) (colloquial) |
| 2nd person singular (your) | دشمنت (došmánat) (došmánet) (colloquial) |
دشمن‌هایت (došman-hấyat) دشمن‌هات، دشمنات (došmanất) (colloquial) |
| 3rd person singular (his/her/its) | دشمنش (došmánaš) (došmáneš) (colloquial) |
دشمن‌هایش (došman-hấyaš) دشمن‌هاش، دشمناش (došmanấš) (colloquial) |
| 1st person plural (our) | دشمنمان (došmánemân) دشمنمون (došmánemun) (colloquial) |
دشمن‌هایمان (došman-hấyemân) دشمن‌هامون، دشمنامون (došmanấmun) (colloquial) |
| 2nd person plural (your) | دشمنتان (došmánetân) دشمنتون (došmánetun) (colloquial) |
دشمن‌هایتان (došman-hấyetân) دشمن‌هاتون، دشمناتون (došmanấtun) (colloquial) |
| 3rd person plural (their) | دشمنشان (došmánešân) دشمنشون (došmánešun) (colloquial) |
دشمن‌هایشان (došman-hấyešân) دشمن‌هاشون، دشمناشون (došmanấšun) (colloquial) |
predicative forms of دشمن
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| 1st person (I am/we are) | دشمنم (došmánam) | دشمنیم (došmánim) |
| 2nd person (you are) | دشمنی (došmáni) | دشمنید (došmánid) دشمنین (došmánin) (colloquial) |
| 3rd person (he, she, it is/they are) | دشمن است (došmán ast) دشمنه (došmáne) (colloquial) |
دشمنند (došmánand) دشمنن (došmánan) (colloquial) |
Antonyms
- دوست (dust)
Derived terms
- دشمنی (došmani)
Descendants
- → Armenian: դուշման (dušman)
- → Assamese: দুছমন (dusmon)
- → Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: [script needed] (dižmin)
- → Avar: тушман (tušman)
- → Azeri: дүшмән / düşmən
- → Bashkir: дошман (došman)
- → Bengali: দুশমন (duśmôn)
- → Chuvash: тӑшман (tăšman)
- → Eastern Mari: тушман (tušman)
- → Erzya: душман
- → Hindi: दुश्मन (duśman)
- → Kyrgyz: душман (duşman), тушман (tuşman)
- → Moksha: душман (dušman)
- → Ottoman Turkish: دشمن (düşman), دشمن (düşmen)
- → Marathi: दुशमन (duśman)
- → Nepali: दुस्मन (dusman), दुश्मन (duśman)
- → Punjabi: ਦੁਸ਼ਮਣ (dushmaṇ), ਦੁਸਮਣ (dusmaṇ)
- → Romani: dušman
- → Russian: душма́н (dušmán)
- → Santali: ᱫᱩᱥᱢᱚᱱ (dusmôn)
- → Sylheti: ꠖꠥꠡ꠆ꠝꠘ (duśmon)
- → Turkmen: душман / duşman
- → Udi: дуьшмаьн (düšmän)
- → Urdu: دشمن (duśman)
- → Uzbek: душман / dushman
References
- Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1973), “թշնամի”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Dictionary of Armenian Root Words] (in Armenian), volume II, 2nd edition, reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press, pages 191–192
Punjabi
Urdu
Related terms
- دشمنی (duśmanī)
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