شرك
Arabic
Etymology 1
From the root ش ر ك (š-r-k).
Verb
شَرِكَ • (šarika) I, non-past يَشْرَكُ (yašraku)
- (obsolete) to have the shoe strings broken
- (transitive) to share, to participate with (someone)
- to become partner, to be a participant, to be an associate
Conjugation
Conjugation of
شَرِكَ
(form-I sound, verbal nouns شِرْك or شِرْكَة or شَرِكَة)verbal nouns الْمَصَادِر |
širk or širka or šarika | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
šārik | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
مَشْرُوك mašrūk | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | šariktu |
šarikta |
شَرِكَ šarika |
شَرِكْتُمَا šariktumā |
شَرِكَا šarikā |
šariknā |
šariktum |
šarikū | |||
f | šarikti |
šarikat |
شَرِكَتَا šarikatā |
šariktunna |
šarikna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع |
m | ʾašraku |
tašraku |
yašraku |
تَشْرَكَانِ tašrakāni |
يَشْرَكَانِ yašrakāni |
našraku |
tašrakūna |
yašrakūna | |||
f | tašrakīna |
tašraku |
تَشْرَكَانِ tašrakāni |
tašrakna |
yašrakna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʾašraka |
tašraka |
yašraka |
تَشْرَكَا tašrakā |
يَشْرَكَا yašrakā |
našraka |
تَشْرَكُوا tašrakū |
يَشْرَكُوا yašrakū | |||
f | tašrakī |
tašraka |
تَشْرَكَا tašrakā |
tašrakna |
yašrakna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʾašrak |
tašrak |
yašrak |
تَشْرَكَا tašrakā |
يَشْرَكَا yašrakā |
našrak |
تَشْرَكُوا tašrakū |
يَشْرَكُوا yašrakū | |||
f | tašrakī |
tašrak |
تَشْرَكَا tašrakā |
tašrakna |
yašrakna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | išrak |
اِشْرَكَا išrakā |
اِشْرَكُوا išrakū |
||||||||
f | išrakī |
išrakna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | šuriktu |
šurikta |
شُرِكَ šurika |
شُرِكْتُمَا šuriktumā |
شُرِكَا šurikā |
šuriknā |
šuriktum |
šurikū | |||
f | šurikti |
šurikat |
شُرِكَتَا šurikatā |
šuriktunna |
šurikna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع |
m | ʾušraku |
tušraku |
yušraku |
تُشْرَكَانِ tušrakāni |
يُشْرَكَانِ yušrakāni |
nušraku |
tušrakūna |
yušrakūna | |||
f | tušrakīna |
tušraku |
تُشْرَكَانِ tušrakāni |
tušrakna |
yušrakna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʾušraka |
tušraka |
yušraka |
تُشْرَكَا tušrakā |
يُشْرَكَا yušrakā |
nušraka |
تُشْرَكُوا tušrakū |
يُشْرَكُوا yušrakū | |||
f | tušrakī |
tušraka |
تُشْرَكَا tušrakā |
tušrakna |
yušrakna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʾušrak |
tušrak |
yušrak |
تُشْرَكَا tušrakā |
يُشْرَكَا yušrakā |
nušrak |
تُشْرَكُوا tušrakū |
يُشْرَكُوا yušrakū | |||
f | tušrakī |
tušrak |
تُشْرَكَا tušrakā |
tušrakna |
yušrakna |
Etymology 2
From the root ش ر ك (š-r-k). The meaning of associating partners to a god or sharing allegiance across multiple gods is, according to Jeffery 1938, a semantic loan from Old South Arabian 𐩦𐩧𐩫.
Noun
شِرْك • (širk) m (usually uncountable)
- verbal noun of شَرِكَ (šarika) (form I)
- (Islam) polytheism, idolatry
Declension
Declension of noun شِرْك (širk)
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | شِرْك širk |
الشِّرْك aš-širk |
شِرْك širk |
Nominative | شِرْكٌ širkun |
الشِّرْكُ aš-širku |
شِرْكُ širku |
Accusative | شِرْكًا širkan |
الشِّرْكَ aš-širka |
شِرْكَ širka |
Genitive | شِرْكٍ širkin |
الشِّرْكِ aš-širki |
شِرْكِ širki |
Etymology 3
From the root ش ر ك (š-r-k).
Noun
شَرَك • (šarak) m (plural شُرُك (šuruk) or أَشْرَاك (ʾašrāk) or شِرَاك (širāk))
- net, snare, trap, booby trap
Declension
Declension of noun شَرَك (šarak)
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | شَرَك šarak |
الشَّرَك aš-šarak |
شَرَك šarak |
Nominative | شَرَكٌ šarakun |
الشَّرَكُ aš-šaraku |
شَرَكُ šaraku |
Accusative | شَرَكًا šarakan |
الشَّرَكَ aš-šaraka |
شَرَكَ šaraka |
Genitive | شَرَكٍ šarakin |
الشَّرَكِ aš-šaraki |
شَرَكِ šaraki |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | شَرَكَيْن šarakayn |
الشَّرَكَيْن aš-šarakayn |
شَرَكَيْ šarakay |
Nominative | شَرَكَانِ šarakāni |
الشَّرَكَانِ aš-šarakāni |
شَرَكَا šarakā |
Accusative | شَرَكَيْنِ šarakayni |
الشَّرَكَيْنِ aš-šarakayni |
شَرَكَيْ šarakay |
Genitive | شَرَكَيْنِ šarakayni |
الشَّرَكَيْنِ aš-šarakayni |
شَرَكَيْ šarakay |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | شُرُك; أَشْرَاك; شِرَاك šuruk; ʾašrāk; širāk |
الشُّرُك; الْأَشْرَاك; الشِّرَاك aš-šuruk; al-ʾašrāk; aš-širāk |
شُرُك; أَشْرَاك; شِرَاك šuruk; ʾašrāk; širāk |
Nominative | شُرُكٌ; أَشْرَاكٌ; شِرَاكٌ šurukun; ʾašrākun; širākun |
الشُّرُكُ; الْأَشْرَاكُ; الشِّرَاكُ aš-šuruku; al-ʾašrāku; aš-širāku |
شُرُكُ; أَشْرَاكُ; شِرَاكُ šuruku; ʾašrāku; širāku |
Accusative | شُرُكًا; أَشْرَاكًا; شِرَاكًا šurukan; ʾašrākan; širākan |
الشُّرُكَ; الْأَشْرَاكَ; الشِّرَاكَ aš-šuruka; al-ʾašrāka; aš-širāka |
شُرُكَ; أَشْرَاكَ; شِرَاكَ šuruka; ʾašrāka; širāka |
Genitive | شُرُكٍ; أَشْرَاكٍ; شِرَاكٍ šurukin; ʾašrākin; širākin |
الشُّرُكِ; الْأَشْرَاكِ; الشِّرَاكِ aš-šuruki; al-ʾašrāki; aš-širāki |
شُرُكِ; أَشْرَاكِ; شِرَاكِ šuruki; ʾašrāki; širāki |
Etymology 4
See the etymology of the main entry. From the root ش ر ك (š-r-k).
Noun
شُرُك • (šuruk) m pl
Etymology 5
From the root ش ر ك (š-r-k).
Declension
Declension of adjective شُرُك (šuruk)
Singular | Masculine | Feminine | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
basic singular triptote | singular triptote in ـَة (-a) | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Informal | شُرُك šuruk |
الشُّرُك aš-šuruk |
شُرُكَة šuruka |
الشُّرُكَة aš-šuruka |
Nominative | شُرُكٌ šurukun |
الشُّرُكُ aš-šuruku |
شُرُكَةٌ šurukatun |
الشُّرُكَةُ aš-šurukatu |
Accusative | شُرُكًا šurukan |
الشُّرُكَ aš-šuruka |
شُرُكَةً šurukatan |
الشُّرُكَةَ aš-šurukata |
Genitive | شُرُكٍ šurukin |
الشُّرُكِ aš-šuruki |
شُرُكَةٍ šurukatin |
الشُّرُكَةِ aš-šurukati |
Dual | Masculine | Feminine | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Informal | شُرُكَيْن šurukayn |
الشُّرُكَيْن aš-šurukayn |
شُرُكَتَيْن šurukatayn |
الشُّرُكَتَيْن aš-šurukatayn |
Nominative | شُرُكَانِ šurukāni |
الشُّرُكَانِ aš-šurukāni |
شُرُكَتَانِ šurukatāni |
الشُّرُكَتَانِ aš-šurukatāni |
Accusative | شُرُكَيْنِ šurukayni |
الشُّرُكَيْنِ aš-šurukayni |
شُرُكَتَيْنِ šurukatayni |
الشُّرُكَتَيْنِ aš-šurukatayni |
Genitive | شُرُكَيْنِ šurukayni |
الشُّرُكَيْنِ aš-šurukayni |
شُرُكَتَيْنِ šurukatayni |
الشُّرُكَتَيْنِ aš-šurukatayni |
Plural | Masculine | Feminine | ||
plural unknown | sound feminine plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Informal | ? ? |
? ? |
شُرُكَات šurukāt |
الشُّرُكَات aš-šurukāt |
Nominative | ? ? |
? ? |
شُرُكَاتٌ šurukātun |
الشُّرُكَاتُ aš-šurukātu |
Accusative | ? ? |
? ? |
شُرُكَاتٍ šurukātin |
الشُّرُكَاتِ aš-šurukāti |
Genitive | ? ? |
? ? |
شُرُكَاتٍ šurukātin |
الشُّرُكَاتِ aš-šurukāti |
References
- Freytag, Georg (1833), “شرك”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 415–416
- Jeffery, Arthur (1938) The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qurʾān (Gaekwad’s Oriental Series; 79), Baroda: Oriental Institute, page 185–186
- Wehr, Hans; Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985), “شرك”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 651
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