هم
See also: ہم
Arabic
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /hum/
Audio (file)
Pronoun
هُمْ • (hum) m pl
(enclitic form ـهُم (-hum) or ـهِم (-him))
- they (masculine plural subject pronoun)
See also
Arabic personal pronouns
Isolated nominative pronouns | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
singular | dual | plural | ||
1st person | أَنَا (ʾanā) | نَحْنُ (naḥnu) | ||
2nd person | m | أَنْتَ (ʾanta) | أَنْتُمَا (ʾantumā) | أَنْتُمْ (ʾantum) |
f | أَنْتِ (ʾanti) | أَنْتُنَّ (ʾantunna) | ||
3rd person | m | هُوَ (huwa) | هُمَا (humā) | هُمْ (hum) |
f | هِيَ (hiya) | هُنَّ (hunna) | ||
Isolated accusative pronouns | ||||
singular | dual | plural | ||
1st person | إِيَّايَ (ʾiyyāya) | إِيَّانَا (ʾiyyānā) | ||
2nd person | m | إِيَّاكَ (ʾiyyāka) | إِيَّاكُمَا (ʾiyyākumā) | إِيَّاكُم (ʾiyyākum) |
f | إِيَّاكِ (ʾiyyāki) | إِيَّاكُنَّ (ʾiyyākunna) | ||
3rd person | m | إِيَّاهُ (ʾiyyāhu) | إِيَّاهُمَا (ʾiyyāhumā) | إِيَّاهُمْ (ʾiyyāhum) |
f | إِيَّاهَا (ʾiyyāhā) | إِيَّاهُنَّ (ʾiyyāhunna) | ||
Enclitic accusative and genitive pronouns | ||||
singular | dual | plural | ||
1st person | ـنِي (-nī), ـي (-ī), ـيَ (-ya)* | ـنَا (-nā) | ||
2nd person | m | ـكَ (-ka) | ـكُمَا (-kumā) | ـكُم (-kum) |
f | ـكِ (-ki) | ـكُنَّ (-kunna) | ||
3rd person | m | ـهُ (-hu), ـهِ (-hi)** | ـهُمَا (-humā), ـهِمَا (-himā)** | ـهُم (-hum), ـهِم (-him)** |
f | ـهَا (-hā) | ـهُنَّ (-hunna), ـهِنَّ (-hinna)** | ||
* Specifically, ـنِي (-nī, “me”) is attached to verbs, but ـي (-ī) or ـيَ (-ya, “my”) is attached to nouns. In the latter case, ـيَ (-ya) is attached to nouns whose construct state ends in a long vowel or diphthong (e.g. in the sound masculine plural and the dual), while ـي (-ī) is attached to nouns whose construct state ends in a short vowel, in which case that vowel is elided (e.g. in the sound feminine plural, as well as the singular and broken plural of most nouns). Furthermore, -ū of the masculine sound plural is assimilated to -ī before ـيَ (-ya) (presumably, -aw of masculine defective -an plurals is similarly assimilated to -ay). Prepositions use ـِي (-ī) or ـيَ (-ya), even though in this case it has the meaning of “me” rather than “my”. The sisters of inna can use either form (e.g. إِنَّنِي (ʾinnanī) or إِنِّي (ʾinnī)), but the longer form (e.g. إِنَّنِي (ʾinnanī)) is usually preferred. ** ـهِـ (-hi-) occurs after -i, -ī, or -ay, and ـهُـ (-hu-) elsewhere (after -a, -ā, -u, -ū, -aw). |
Etymology 3
From the root ه م م (h-m-m).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ham.ma/
Verb
هَمَّ • (hamma) I, non-past يَهُمُّ (yahummu)
Conjugation
Conjugation of
هَمَّ
(form-I geminate, verbal nouns هَمّ or مَهَمَّة)verbal nouns الْمَصَادِر |
hamm or mahamma | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
hāmm | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
مَهْمُوم mahmūm | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | hamamtu |
hamamta |
هَمَّ hamma |
هَمَمْتُمَا hamamtumā |
hammā |
hamamnā |
hamamtum |
hammū | |||
f | hamamti |
hammat |
هَمَّتَا hammatā |
hamamtunna |
hamamna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع |
m | ʾahummu |
tahummu |
yahummu |
تَهُمَّانِ tahummāni |
يَهُمَّانِ yahummāni |
nahummu |
tahummūna |
yahummūna | |||
f | tahummīna |
tahummu |
تَهُمَّانِ tahummāni |
tahmumna |
yahmumna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʾahumma |
tahumma |
yahumma |
تَهُمَّا tahummā |
يَهُمَّا yahummā |
nahumma |
تَهُمُّوا tahummū |
يَهُمُّوا yahummū | |||
f | tahummī |
tahumma |
تَهُمَّا tahummā |
tahmumna |
yahmumna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʾahumma or ʾahummi or ʾahmum |
tahumma or tahummi or tahmum |
yahumma or yahummi or yahmum |
تَهُمَّا tahummā |
يَهُمَّا yahummā |
nahumma or nahummi or nahmum |
تَهُمُّوا tahummū |
يَهُمُّوا yahummū | |||
f | tahummī |
tahumma or tahummi or tahmum |
تَهُمَّا tahummā |
tahmumna |
yahmumna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | humma or hummi or uhmum |
hummā |
hummū |
||||||||
f | hummī |
uhmumna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | humimtu |
humimta |
هُمَّ humma |
هُمِمْتُمَا humimtumā |
hummā |
humimnā |
humimtum |
hummū | |||
f | humimti |
hummat |
هُمَّتَا hummatā |
humimtunna |
humimna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع |
m | ʾuhammu |
tuhammu |
yuhammu |
تُهَمَّانِ tuhammāni |
يُهَمَّانِ yuhammāni |
nuhammu |
tuhammūna |
yuhammūna | |||
f | tuhammīna |
tuhammu |
تُهَمَّانِ tuhammāni |
tuhmamna |
yuhmamna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʾuhamma |
tuhamma |
yuhamma |
تُهَمَّا tuhammā |
يُهَمَّا yuhammā |
nuhamma |
تُهَمُّوا tuhammū |
يُهَمُّوا yuhammū | |||
f | tuhammī |
tuhamma |
تُهَمَّا tuhammā |
tuhmamna |
yuhmamna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʾuhamma or ʾuhammi or ʾuhmam |
tuhamma or tuhammi or tuhmam |
yuhamma or yuhammi or yuhmam |
تُهَمَّا tuhammā |
يُهَمَّا yuhammā |
nuhamma or nuhammi or nuhmam |
تُهَمُّوا tuhammū |
يُهَمُّوا yuhammū | |||
f | tuhammī |
tuhamma or tuhammi or tuhmam |
تُهَمَّا tuhammā |
tuhmamna |
yuhmamna |
Etymology 4
From the root ه م م (h-m-m).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /hamm/
Noun
هَمّ • (hamm) m (plural هُمُوم (humūm))
Declension
Declension of noun هَمّ (hamm)
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | هَمّ hamm |
الْهَمّ al-hamm |
هَمّ hamm |
Nominative | هَمٌّ hammun |
الْهَمُّ al-hammu |
هَمُّ hammu |
Accusative | هَمًّا hamman |
الْهَمَّ al-hamma |
هَمَّ hamma |
Genitive | هَمٍّ hammin |
الْهَمِّ al-hammi |
هَمِّ hammi |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | هَمَّيْن hammayn |
الْهَمَّيْن al-hammayn |
هَمَّيْ hammay |
Nominative | هَمَّانِ hammāni |
الْهَمَّانِ al-hammāni |
هَمَّا hammā |
Accusative | هَمَّيْنِ hammayni |
الْهَمَّيْنِ al-hammayni |
هَمَّيْ hammay |
Genitive | هَمَّيْنِ hammayni |
الْهَمَّيْنِ al-hammayni |
هَمَّيْ hammay |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | هُمُوم humūm |
الْهُمُوم al-humūm |
هُمُوم humūm |
Nominative | هُمُومٌ humūmun |
الْهُمُومُ al-humūmu |
هُمُومُ humūmu |
Accusative | هُمُومًا humūman |
الْهُمُومَ al-humūma |
هُمُومَ humūma |
Genitive | هُمُومٍ humūmin |
الْهُمُومِ al-humūmi |
هُمُومِ humūmi |
Etymology 5
From the root ه م م (h-m-m).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /himm/
Adjective
هِمّ • (himm) (feminine هِمَّة (himma), masculine plural أَهْمَام (ʾahmām), feminine plural هَمَائِم (hamāʾim) or هِمَّات (himmāt))
Declension
Declension of adjective هِمّ (himm)
Singular | Masculine | Feminine | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
basic singular triptote | singular triptote in ـَة (-a) | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Informal | هِمّ himm |
الْهِمّ al-himm |
هِمَّة himma |
الْهِمَّة al-himma |
Nominative | هِمٌّ himmun |
الْهِمُّ al-himmu |
هِمَّةٌ himmatun |
الْهِمَّةُ al-himmatu |
Accusative | هِمًّا himman |
الْهِمَّ al-himma |
هِمَّةً himmatan |
الْهِمَّةَ al-himmata |
Genitive | هِمٍّ himmin |
الْهِمِّ al-himmi |
هِمَّةٍ himmatin |
الْهِمَّةِ al-himmati |
Dual | Masculine | Feminine | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Informal | هِمَّيْن himmayn |
الْهِمَّيْن al-himmayn |
هِمَّتَيْن himmatayn |
الْهِمَّتَيْن al-himmatayn |
Nominative | هِمَّانِ himmāni |
الْهِمَّانِ al-himmāni |
هِمَّتَانِ himmatāni |
الْهِمَّتَانِ al-himmatāni |
Accusative | هِمَّيْنِ himmayni |
الْهِمَّيْنِ al-himmayni |
هِمَّتَيْنِ himmatayni |
الْهِمَّتَيْنِ al-himmatayni |
Genitive | هِمَّيْنِ himmayni |
الْهِمَّيْنِ al-himmayni |
هِمَّتَيْنِ himmatayni |
الْهِمَّتَيْنِ al-himmatayni |
Plural | Masculine | Feminine | ||
basic broken plural triptote | basic broken plural diptote; sound feminine plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Informal | أَهْمَام ʾahmām |
الْأَهْمَام al-ʾahmām |
هَمَائِم; هِمَّات hamāʾim; himmāt |
الْهَمَائِم; الْهِمَّات al-hamāʾim; al-himmāt |
Nominative | أَهْمَامٌ ʾahmāmun |
الْأَهْمَامُ al-ʾahmāmu |
هَمَائِمُ; هِمَّاتٌ hamāʾimu; himmātun |
الْهَمَائِمُ; الْهِمَّاتُ al-hamāʾimu; al-himmātu |
Accusative | أَهْمَامًا ʾahmāman |
الْأَهْمَامَ al-ʾahmāma |
هَمَائِمَ; هِمَّاتٍ hamāʾima; himmātin |
الْهَمَائِمَ; الْهِمَّاتِ al-hamāʾima; al-himmāti |
Genitive | أَهْمَامٍ ʾahmāmin |
الْأَهْمَامِ al-ʾahmāmi |
هَمَائِمَ; هِمَّاتٍ hamāʾima; himmātin |
الْهَمَائِمِ; الْهِمَّاتِ al-hamāʾimi; al-himmāti |
References
- Wehr, Hans (1979), “هم”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
Declension
Declension of noun هِمّ (himm)
Singular | Masculine | Feminine | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
basic singular triptote | singular triptote in ـَة (-a) | |||||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | هِمّ himm |
الْهِمّ al-himm |
هِمّ himm |
هِمَّة himma |
الْهِمَّة al-himma |
هِمَّة himmat |
Nominative | هِمٌّ himmun |
الْهِمُّ al-himmu |
هِمُّ himmu |
هِمَّةٌ himmatun |
الْهِمَّةُ al-himmatu |
هِمَّةُ himmatu |
Accusative | هِمًّا himman |
الْهِمَّ al-himma |
هِمَّ himma |
هِمَّةً himmatan |
الْهِمَّةَ al-himmata |
هِمَّةَ himmata |
Genitive | هِمٍّ himmin |
الْهِمِّ al-himmi |
هِمِّ himmi |
هِمَّةٍ himmatin |
الْهِمَّةِ al-himmati |
هِمَّةِ himmati |
Dual | Masculine | Feminine | ||||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | هِمَّيْن himmayn |
الْهِمَّيْن al-himmayn |
هِمَّيْ himmay |
هِمَّتَيْن himmatayn |
الْهِمَّتَيْن al-himmatayn |
هِمَّتَيْ himmatay |
Nominative | هِمَّانِ himmāni |
الْهِمَّانِ al-himmāni |
هِمَّا himmā |
هِمَّتَانِ himmatāni |
الْهِمَّتَانِ al-himmatāni |
هِمَّتَا himmatā |
Accusative | هِمَّيْنِ himmayni |
الْهِمَّيْنِ al-himmayni |
هِمَّيْ himmay |
هِمَّتَيْنِ himmatayni |
الْهِمَّتَيْنِ al-himmatayni |
هِمَّتَيْ himmatay |
Genitive | هِمَّيْنِ himmayni |
الْهِمَّيْنِ al-himmayni |
هِمَّيْ himmay |
هِمَّتَيْنِ himmatayni |
الْهِمَّتَيْنِ al-himmatayni |
هِمَّتَيْ himmatay |
Plural | Masculine | Feminine | ||||
basic broken plural triptote | basic broken plural diptote; sound feminine plural | |||||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | أَهْمَام ʾahmām |
الْأَهْمَام al-ʾahmām |
أَهْمَام ʾahmām |
هَمَائِم; هِمَّات hamāʾim; himmāt |
الْهَمَائِم; الْهِمَّات al-hamāʾim; al-himmāt |
هَمَائِم; هِمَّات hamāʾim; himmāt |
Nominative | أَهْمَامٌ ʾahmāmun |
الْأَهْمَامُ al-ʾahmāmu |
أَهْمَامُ ʾahmāmu |
هَمَائِمُ; هِمَّاتٌ hamāʾimu; himmātun |
الْهَمَائِمُ; الْهِمَّاتُ al-hamāʾimu; al-himmātu |
هَمَائِمُ; هِمَّاتُ hamāʾimu; himmātu |
Accusative | أَهْمَامًا ʾahmāman |
الْأَهْمَامَ al-ʾahmāma |
أَهْمَامَ ʾahmāma |
هَمَائِمَ; هِمَّاتٍ hamāʾima; himmātin |
الْهَمَائِمَ; الْهِمَّاتِ al-hamāʾima; al-himmāti |
هَمَائِمَ; هِمَّاتِ hamāʾima; himmāti |
Genitive | أَهْمَامٍ ʾahmāmin |
الْأَهْمَامِ al-ʾahmāmi |
أَهْمَامِ ʾahmāmi |
هَمَائِمَ; هِمَّاتٍ hamāʾima; himmātin |
الْهَمَائِمِ; الْهِمَّاتِ al-hamāʾimi; al-himmāti |
هَمَائِمِ; هِمَّاتِ hamāʾimi; himmāti |
References
- Freytag, Georg (1837), “هم”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 4, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 406
- Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860), “هم”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc (in French), volume 2, Paris: Maisonneuve et Cie, page 1442
- Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884), “هم”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary, London: W.H. Allen, page 1181
- Wehr, Hans (1979), “هم”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
- Wehr, Hans; Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985), “هم”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 1355–1356
Hijazi Arabic
Pronunciation 1
- IPA(key): /ˈhumːa/
Pronunciation 2
- IPA(key): /ˈhum/
Etymology 2
From Arabic هَمّ (hamm); from the root ه م م (h-m-m); "to be concerned" or "to worry".
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈhamː/
Persian
Alternative forms
- ـم (-am) (colloquial)
Etymology
From Middle Persian hm (ham, “also, same”), from Old Persian 𐏃𐎶 (ham(a), “same, together”), from Proto-Iranian [Term?], from Proto-Indo-Iranian [Term?], from Proto-Indo-European *somHós (“same”) (compare English same).
Pronunciation
- (Iranian Persian, Dari) IPA(key): [hæm]
- (colloquial) IPA(key): [æm]
Adverb
هم • (ham)
Usage notes
هم (ham) directly follows the word or phrase it modifies.
- از این کتاب هم خوشم میآید.
- Az in ketâb ham xošam mi-âyad.
- I like this book, also. (In addition to another book that I like, I like this one.)
- Az in ketâb ham xošam mi-âyad.
- من هم از این کتاب خوشم میآید.
- Man ham az in ketâb xošam mi-âyad.
- I also like this book. (In addition to someone else who likes this book, I do.)
- Man ham az in ketâb xošam mi-âyad.
Derived terms
Descendants
- Bashkir: һәм (häm, “and”).
References
- MacKenzie, D. N. (1971), “ham”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 39
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