शत

From Sanskrit शत (śata). Doublet of सौ (sau).

• IPA^(key): /ʃət̪/

शत • (śat)

1. (literary, in compounds) (one) hundred

   Synonym: सौ (sau)

• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), “शत”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *śatám, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ĉatám, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm. Cognate with Avestan 𐬯𐬀𐬙𐬀‎ (sata), Ancient Greek ἑκατόν (hekatón), Latin centum, Old Church Slavonic съто (sŭto), Lithuanian šimtas, Tocharian A känt, Old English hundred (whence English hundred).

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɕɐ.t̪ɐ́/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈɕɐ.t̪ɐ/

शत • (śatá) n, rarely m, at the end of a compound f(ī)

1. hundred, used with numerals thus:

   एकाधिकं शतम् (ekā*dhikaṃ śatam) or एकशतम् (eka-śatam) — a hundred one, 101

   विंशत्यधिकं शतम् (viṃśaty-adhikaṃ śatam) or विंशं शतम् (viṃśaṃ śatam) — a hundred twenty, 120

   शते (śate) or द्वे शते (dve śate) or द्विशतम् (dvi-śatam) or शतद्वयम् (śata-dvayam) — 200

   त्रीणि शतानि (trīṇi śatāni) or त्रिशतानि (tri-śatāni) or शतत्रयम् (śata-trayam) — 300

   षट्शतम् (ṣaṭ-śatam) — 600

   1. or the compound becomes an ordinal

      द्विशत (dvi-śata) — the 200th

      द्विकं शतम् (dvikaṃ śatam), त्रिकं शतम् (trikaṃ śatam) — 2, 3 per cent

      शतात्पर (śatātpara) — beyond a hundred, exceeding 100

   2. the counted object is added either in the genitive, or in the same case as śata, or at the beginning of a compound

      शतम् पितरः (śatam pitaraḥ) or शतम् पितॄणाम् (śatam pitṝṇām) or पितृशतम् (pitṛ-śatam) — a hundred ancestors

   3. rarely śatam is used as an indeclinable with an instrumental

      • RV 1.48.7c

      एषायुक्त परावतः सूर्यस्योदयनादधि |

      शतं रथेभिः सुभगोषा इयं वि यात्यभि मानुषान ||

      eṣāyukta parāvataḥ sūryasyodayanādadhi |

      śataṃ rathebhiḥ subhaghoṣā iyaṃ vi yātyabhi mānuṣān ||

      This Dawn hath yoked her steeds afar, beyond the rising of the Sun:

      Borne on a hundred chariots she, auspicious Dawn, advances on her way to Men.

   4. rarely occurs a masculine form in plural e.g. पञ्चशता रथान् (pañca-śatā rathān)
   5. and śata n rarely in compounds of the following kind:

      चतुर्वर्षशतम् (catur-varṣa-śatam) or चतुर्वर्षशतानि (catur-varṣa-śatamtāni) — 400 years

2. any very large number

   शतपत्त्र (śata-pattra) — a hundred leaves etc.

• Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀰𑀢 (śata), 𑀱𑀢 (ṣata)
  • Magadhi Prakrit:
    • Assamese: শ (xo)
    • Bhojpuri: सौ (sau)
  • Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀲𑀅 (saä), 𑀲𑀬 (saya)
    • Old Marathi: श्ये (śye), सें (seṃ)
      • Konkani: -शे
      • Marathi: -शे (-śe)
  • Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀲𑀤 (sada)
    • Old Gujarati: सउ
      • Gujarati: સો (so)
    • Hindustani:
      • Hindi: सौ (sau)
      • Urdu: سو‎ (sau)
    • Nepali: सय (saya)
    • Punjabi: ਸੌ (sau)
    • Romani: шэл, šel
• Dardic: *šatá
  • Kashmiri: şath
• Pali: sata
• → Bengali: শত (śôt)
  • → Rohingya: cót
• → Hindi: शत (śat)

• Monier Williams (1899), “शत”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, OCLC 458052227, page 1048.