ἀλέξω
Ancient Greek
Alternative forms
- ἀλέκω (alékō)
Etymology
From Proto-Hellenic *aléksō (“to protect”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂lek- (“to defend”), same source as Sanskrit रक्षति (rákṣati), Old Armenian loanword երաշխիք (erašxikʿ), and Old English ealgian (“to protect, defend”).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /a.lék.sɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /aˈlɛk.so/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /aˈlek.so/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /aˈlek.so/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /aˈlek.so/
Verb
ἀλέξω • (aléxō)
Inflection
Many of the forms seem to be formed as if from *ἀλεξέω (*alexéō), e.g. ἀλεξήσω (alexḗsō), while other seem to be formed from ἀλέκω (alékō), e.g. ἤλεξα (ḗlexa).
Present: ᾰ̓λέξω, ᾰ̓λέξομαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ᾰ̓λέξω | ᾰ̓λέξεις | ᾰ̓λέξει | ᾰ̓λέξετον | ᾰ̓λέξετον | ᾰ̓λέξομεν | ᾰ̓λέξετε | ᾰ̓λέξουσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | ᾰ̓λέξω | ᾰ̓λέξῃς | ᾰ̓λέξῃ | ᾰ̓λέξητον | ᾰ̓λέξητον | ᾰ̓λέξωμεν | ᾰ̓λέξητε | ᾰ̓λέξωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | ᾰ̓λέξοιμῐ | ᾰ̓λέξοις | ᾰ̓λέξοι | ᾰ̓λέξοιτον | ᾰ̓λεξοίτην | ᾰ̓λέξοιμεν | ᾰ̓λέξοιτε | ᾰ̓λέξοιεν | |||||
imperative | ᾰ̓́λεξε | ᾰ̓λεξέτω | ᾰ̓λέξετον | ᾰ̓λεξέτων | ᾰ̓λέξετε | ᾰ̓λεξόντων | |||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ᾰ̓λέξομαι | ᾰ̓λέξῃ, ᾰ̓λέξει |
ᾰ̓λέξεται | ᾰ̓λέξεσθον | ᾰ̓λέξεσθον | ᾰ̓λεξόμεθᾰ | ᾰ̓λέξεσθε | ᾰ̓λέξονται | ||||
subjunctive | ᾰ̓λέξωμαι | ᾰ̓λέξῃ | ᾰ̓λέξηται | ᾰ̓λέξησθον | ᾰ̓λέξησθον | ᾰ̓λεξώμεθᾰ | ᾰ̓λέξησθε | ᾰ̓λέξωνται | |||||
optative | ᾰ̓λεξοίμην | ᾰ̓λέξοιο | ᾰ̓λέξοιτο | ᾰ̓λέξοισθον | ᾰ̓λεξοίσθην | ᾰ̓λεξοίμεθᾰ | ᾰ̓λέξοισθε | ᾰ̓λέξοιντο | |||||
imperative | ᾰ̓λέξου | ᾰ̓λεξέσθω | ᾰ̓λέξεσθον | ᾰ̓λεξέσθων | ᾰ̓λέξεσθε | ᾰ̓λεξέσθων | |||||||
active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
infinitive | ᾰ̓λέξειν | ᾰ̓λέξεσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | ᾰ̓λέξων | ᾰ̓λεξόμενος | ||||||||||
f | ᾰ̓λέξουσᾰ | ᾰ̓λεξομένη | |||||||||||
n | ᾰ̓λέξον | ᾰ̓λεξόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Present: ᾰ̓λέκω, ᾰ̓λέκομαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ᾰ̓λέκω | ᾰ̓λέκεις | ᾰ̓λέκει | ᾰ̓λέκετον | ᾰ̓λέκετον | ᾰ̓λέκομεν | ᾰ̓λέκετε | ᾰ̓λέκουσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | ᾰ̓λέκω | ᾰ̓λέκῃς | ᾰ̓λέκῃ | ᾰ̓λέκητον | ᾰ̓λέκητον | ᾰ̓λέκωμεν | ᾰ̓λέκητε | ᾰ̓λέκωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | ᾰ̓λέκοιμῐ | ᾰ̓λέκοις | ᾰ̓λέκοι | ᾰ̓λέκοιτον | ᾰ̓λεκοίτην | ᾰ̓λέκοιμεν | ᾰ̓λέκοιτε | ᾰ̓λέκοιεν | |||||
imperative | ᾰ̓́λεκε | ᾰ̓λεκέτω | ᾰ̓λέκετον | ᾰ̓λεκέτων | ᾰ̓λέκετε | ᾰ̓λεκόντων | |||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ᾰ̓λέκομαι | ᾰ̓λέκῃ, ᾰ̓λέκει |
ᾰ̓λέκεται | ᾰ̓λέκεσθον | ᾰ̓λέκεσθον | ᾰ̓λεκόμεθᾰ | ᾰ̓λέκεσθε | ᾰ̓λέκονται | ||||
subjunctive | ᾰ̓λέκωμαι | ᾰ̓λέκῃ | ᾰ̓λέκηται | ᾰ̓λέκησθον | ᾰ̓λέκησθον | ᾰ̓λεκώμεθᾰ | ᾰ̓λέκησθε | ᾰ̓λέκωνται | |||||
optative | ᾰ̓λεκοίμην | ᾰ̓λέκοιο | ᾰ̓λέκοιτο | ᾰ̓λέκοισθον | ᾰ̓λεκοίσθην | ᾰ̓λεκοίμεθᾰ | ᾰ̓λέκοισθε | ᾰ̓λέκοιντο | |||||
imperative | ᾰ̓λέκου | ᾰ̓λεκέσθω | ᾰ̓λέκεσθον | ᾰ̓λεκέσθων | ᾰ̓λέκεσθε | ᾰ̓λεκέσθων | |||||||
active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
infinitive | ᾰ̓λέκειν | ᾰ̓λέκεσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | ᾰ̓λέκων | ᾰ̓λεκόμενος | ||||||||||
f | ᾰ̓λέκουσᾰ | ᾰ̓λεκομένη | |||||||||||
n | ᾰ̓λέκον | ᾰ̓λεκόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Imperfect: ἤλεξον, ἠλεξόμην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἤλεξον | ἤλεξες | ἤλεξε(ν) | ἠλέξετον | ἠλεξέτην | ἠλέξομεν | ἠλέξετε | ἤλεξον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἠλεξόμην | ἠλέξου | ἠλέξετο | ἠλέξεσθον | ἠλεξέσθην | ἠλεξόμεθᾰ | ἠλέξεσθε | ἠλέξοντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Imperfect: ἤλεκον, ἠλεκόμην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἤλεκον | ἤλεκες | ἤλεκε(ν) | ἠλέκετον | ἠλεκέτην | ἠλέκομεν | ἠλέκετε | ἤλεκον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἠλεκόμην | ἠλέκου | ἠλέκετο | ἠλέκεσθον | ἠλεκέσθην | ἠλεκόμεθᾰ | ἠλέκεσθε | ἠλέκοντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Future: ᾰ̓λεξήσω, ᾰ̓λεξήσομαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ᾰ̓λεξήσω | ᾰ̓λεξήσεις | ᾰ̓λεξήσει | ᾰ̓λεξήσετον | ᾰ̓λεξήσετον | ᾰ̓λεξήσομεν | ᾰ̓λεξήσετε | ᾰ̓λεξήσουσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | ᾰ̓λεξήσοιμῐ | ᾰ̓λεξήσοις | ᾰ̓λεξήσοι | ᾰ̓λεξήσοιτον | ᾰ̓λεξησοίτην | ᾰ̓λεξήσοιμεν | ᾰ̓λεξήσοιτε | ᾰ̓λεξήσοιεν | |||||
middle | indicative | ᾰ̓λεξήσομαι | ᾰ̓λεξήσῃ, ᾰ̓λεξήσει |
ᾰ̓λεξήσεται | ᾰ̓λεξήσεσθον | ᾰ̓λεξήσεσθον | ᾰ̓λεξησόμεθᾰ | ᾰ̓λεξήσεσθε | ᾰ̓λεξήσονται | ||||
optative | ᾰ̓λεξησοίμην | ᾰ̓λεξήσοιο | ᾰ̓λεξήσοιτο | ᾰ̓λεξήσοισθον | ᾰ̓λεξησοίσθην | ᾰ̓λεξησοίμεθᾰ | ᾰ̓λεξήσοισθε | ᾰ̓λεξήσοιντο | |||||
active | middle | ||||||||||||
infinitive | ᾰ̓λεξήσειν | ᾰ̓λεξήσεσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | ᾰ̓λεξήσων | ᾰ̓λεξησόμενος | ||||||||||
f | ᾰ̓λεξήσουσᾰ | ᾰ̓λεξησομένη | |||||||||||
n | ᾰ̓λεξῆσον | ᾰ̓λεξησόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Future: ᾰ̓λέξω, ᾰ̓λέξομαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ᾰ̓λέξω | ᾰ̓λέξεις | ᾰ̓λέξει | ᾰ̓λέξετον | ᾰ̓λέξετον | ᾰ̓λέξομεν | ᾰ̓λέξετε | ᾰ̓λέξουσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | ᾰ̓λέξοιμῐ | ᾰ̓λέξοις | ᾰ̓λέξοι | ᾰ̓λέξοιτον | ᾰ̓λεξοίτην | ᾰ̓λέξοιμεν | ᾰ̓λέξοιτε | ᾰ̓λέξοιεν | |||||
middle | indicative | ᾰ̓λέξομαι | ᾰ̓λέξῃ, ᾰ̓λέξει |
ᾰ̓λέξεται | ᾰ̓λέξεσθον | ᾰ̓λέξεσθον | ᾰ̓λεξόμεθᾰ | ᾰ̓λέξεσθε | ᾰ̓λέξονται | ||||
optative | ᾰ̓λεξοίμην | ᾰ̓λέξοιο | ᾰ̓λέξοιτο | ᾰ̓λέξοισθον | ᾰ̓λεξοίσθην | ᾰ̓λεξοίμεθᾰ | ᾰ̓λέξοισθε | ᾰ̓λέξοιντο | |||||
active | middle | ||||||||||||
infinitive | ᾰ̓λέξειν | ᾰ̓λέξεσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | ᾰ̓λέξων | ᾰ̓λεξόμενος | ||||||||||
f | ᾰ̓λέξουσᾰ | ᾰ̓λεξομένη | |||||||||||
n | ᾰ̓λέξον | ᾰ̓λεξόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Aorist: ἤλεξᾰ, ἠλεξᾰ́μην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἤλεξᾰ | ἤλεξᾰς | ἤλεξε(ν) | ἠλέξᾰτον | ἠλεξᾰ́την | ἠλέξᾰμεν | ἠλέξᾰτε | ἤλεξᾰν | ||||
subjunctive | ᾰ̓λέξω | ᾰ̓λέξῃς | ᾰ̓λέξῃ | ᾰ̓λέξητον | ᾰ̓λέξητον | ᾰ̓λέξωμεν | ᾰ̓λέξητε | ᾰ̓λέξωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | ᾰ̓λέξαιμῐ | ᾰ̓λέξειᾰς, ᾰ̓λέξαις |
ᾰ̓λέξειε(ν), ᾰ̓λέξαι |
ᾰ̓λέξαιτον | ᾰ̓λεξαίτην | ᾰ̓λέξαιμεν | ᾰ̓λέξαιτε | ᾰ̓λέξειᾰν, ᾰ̓λέξαιεν | |||||
imperative | ᾰ̓́λεξον | ᾰ̓λεξᾰ́τω | ᾰ̓λέξᾰτον | ᾰ̓λεξᾰ́των | ᾰ̓λέξᾰτε | ᾰ̓λεξᾰ́ντων | |||||||
middle | indicative | ἠλεξᾰ́μην | ἠλέξω | ἠλέξᾰτο | ἠλέξᾰσθον | ἠλεξᾰ́σθην | ἠλεξᾰ́μεθᾰ | ἠλέξᾰσθε | ἠλέξᾰντο | ||||
subjunctive | ᾰ̓λέξωμαι | ᾰ̓λέξῃ | ᾰ̓λέξηται | ᾰ̓λέξησθον | ᾰ̓λέξησθον | ᾰ̓λεξώμεθᾰ | ᾰ̓λέξησθε | ᾰ̓λέξωνται | |||||
optative | ᾰ̓λεξαίμην | ᾰ̓λέξαιο | ᾰ̓λέξαιτο | ᾰ̓λέξαισθον | ᾰ̓λεξαίσθην | ᾰ̓λεξαίμεθᾰ | ᾰ̓λέξαισθε | ᾰ̓λέξαιντο | |||||
imperative | ᾰ̓́λεξαι | ᾰ̓λεξᾰ́σθω | ᾰ̓λέξᾰσθον | ᾰ̓λεξᾰ́σθων | ᾰ̓λέξᾰσθε | ᾰ̓λεξᾰ́σθων | |||||||
active | middle | ||||||||||||
infinitive | ᾰ̓λέξαι | ᾰ̓λέξᾰσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | ᾰ̓λέξᾱς | ᾰ̓λεξᾰ́μενος | ||||||||||
f | ᾰ̓λέξᾱσᾰ | ᾰ̓λεξᾰμένη | |||||||||||
n | ᾰ̓λέξᾰν | ᾰ̓λεξᾰ́μενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Aorist: ἠλέξησᾰ, ἠλεξησᾰ́μην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἠλέξησᾰ | ἠλέξησᾰς | ἠλέξησε(ν) | ἠλεξήσᾰτον | ἠλεξησᾰ́την | ἠλεξήσᾰμεν | ἠλεξήσᾰτε | ἠλέξησᾰν | ||||
subjunctive | ᾰ̓λεξήσω | ᾰ̓λεξήσῃς | ᾰ̓λεξήσῃ | ᾰ̓λεξήσητον | ᾰ̓λεξήσητον | ᾰ̓λεξήσωμεν | ᾰ̓λεξήσητε | ᾰ̓λεξήσωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | ᾰ̓λεξήσαιμῐ | ᾰ̓λεξήσειᾰς, ᾰ̓λεξήσαις |
ᾰ̓λεξήσειε(ν), ᾰ̓λεξήσαι |
ᾰ̓λεξήσαιτον | ᾰ̓λεξησαίτην | ᾰ̓λεξήσαιμεν | ᾰ̓λεξήσαιτε | ᾰ̓λεξήσειᾰν, ᾰ̓λεξήσαιεν | |||||
imperative | ᾰ̓λέξησον | ᾰ̓λεξησᾰ́τω | ᾰ̓λεξήσᾰτον | ᾰ̓λεξησᾰ́των | ᾰ̓λεξήσᾰτε | ᾰ̓λεξησᾰ́ντων | |||||||
middle | indicative | ἠλεξησᾰ́μην | ἠλεξήσω | ἠλεξήσᾰτο | ἠλεξήσᾰσθον | ἠλεξησᾰ́σθην | ἠλεξησᾰ́μεθᾰ | ἠλεξήσᾰσθε | ἠλεξήσᾰντο | ||||
subjunctive | ᾰ̓λεξήσωμαι | ᾰ̓λεξήσῃ | ᾰ̓λεξήσηται | ᾰ̓λεξήσησθον | ᾰ̓λεξήσησθον | ᾰ̓λεξησώμεθᾰ | ᾰ̓λεξήσησθε | ᾰ̓λεξήσωνται | |||||
optative | ᾰ̓λεξησαίμην | ᾰ̓λεξήσαιο | ᾰ̓λεξήσαιτο | ᾰ̓λεξήσαισθον | ᾰ̓λεξησαίσθην | ᾰ̓λεξησαίμεθᾰ | ᾰ̓λεξήσαισθε | ᾰ̓λεξήσαιντο | |||||
imperative | ᾰ̓λέξησαι | ᾰ̓λεξησᾰ́σθω | ᾰ̓λεξήσᾰσθον | ᾰ̓λεξησᾰ́σθων | ᾰ̓λεξήσᾰσθε | ᾰ̓λεξησᾰ́σθων | |||||||
active | middle | ||||||||||||
infinitive | ᾰ̓λεξῆσαι | ᾰ̓λεξήσᾰσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | ᾰ̓λεξήσᾱς | ᾰ̓λεξησᾰ́μενος | ||||||||||
f | ᾰ̓λεξήσᾱσᾰ | ᾰ̓λεξησᾰμένη | |||||||||||
n | ᾰ̓λεξῆσᾰν | ᾰ̓λεξησᾰ́μενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Derived terms
- Ἀλεξαμενός (Alexamenós)
- Ἀλέξανδρος (Aléxandros)
- Ἀλέξαρχος (Aléxarkhos)
- Ἀλεξιάρης (Alexiárēs)
- Ἀλεξικλῆς (Alexiklês)
- Ἀλέξιππος (Aléxippos)
- Ἄλεξις (Álexis)
- Ἀλέξων (Aléxōn)
- Ἀλεξῖνος (Alexînos)
Related terms
- ἀλκή (alkḗ)
References
- ἀλέξω in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- ἀλέξω in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- ἀλέξω in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- ἀλέξω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- ἀλέξω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- ἀλέξω in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2019)
- ἀλέξω in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
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