ἀσκέω
Ancient Greek
Etymology
Of unknown origin. Perhaps related to ἀσκός (askós, “skin, hide”). According to Morris, possibly borrowed from Egyptian *s-q-r (“strike, work metal”), along with other metalworking terms used by Daedalus, such as Ἱκμάλιοσ (Hikmálios, “craftsman”) and ἕντεα (héntea, “armor, equipment”).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /as.ké.ɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /asˈkɛ.o/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /asˈke.o/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /asˈce.o/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /asˈce.o/
Verb
ἀσκέω • (askéō)
Inflection
Present: ἀσκέω, ἀσκέομαι (Uncontracted)
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἀσκέω | ἀσκέεις | ἀσκέει | ἀσκέετον | ἀσκέετον | ἀσκέομεν | ἀσκέετε | ἀσκέουσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | ἀσκέω | ἀσκέῃς | ἀσκέῃ | ἀσκέητον | ἀσκέητον | ἀσκέωμεν | ἀσκέητε | ἀσκέωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | ἀσκέοιμῐ | ἀσκέοις | ἀσκέοι | ἀσκέοιτον | ἀσκεοίτην | ἀσκέοιμεν | ἀσκέοιτε | ἀσκέοιεν | |||||
imperative | ἄσκεε | ἀσκεέτω | ἀσκέετον | ἀσκεέτων | ἀσκέετε | ἀσκεόντων | |||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἀσκέομαι | ἀσκέῃ, ἀσκέει |
ἀσκέεται | ἀσκέεσθον | ἀσκέεσθον | ἀσκεόμεθᾰ | ἀσκέεσθε | ἀσκέονται | ||||
subjunctive | ἀσκέωμαι | ἀσκέῃ | ἀσκέηται | ἀσκέησθον | ἀσκέησθον | ἀσκεώμεθᾰ | ἀσκέησθε | ἀσκέωνται | |||||
optative | ἀσκεοίμην | ἀσκέοιο | ἀσκέοιτο | ἀσκέοισθον | ἀσκεοίσθην | ἀσκεοίμεθᾰ | ἀσκέοισθε | ἀσκέοιντο | |||||
imperative | ἀσκέου | ἀσκεέσθω | ἀσκέεσθον | ἀσκεέσθων | ἀσκέεσθε | ἀσκεέσθων | |||||||
active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
infinitive | ἀσκέειν | ἀσκέεσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | ἀσκέων | ἀσκεόμενος | ||||||||||
f | ἀσκέουσᾰ | ἀσκεομένη | |||||||||||
n | ἀσκέον | ἀσκεόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Present: ἀσκῶ, ἀσκοῦμαι (Contracted)
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἀσκῶ | ἀσκεῖς | ἀσκεῖ | ἀσκεῖτον | ἀσκεῖτον | ἀσκοῦμεν | ἀσκεῖτε | ἀσκοῦσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | ἀσκῶ | ἀσκῇς | ἀσκῇ | ἀσκῆτον | ἀσκῆτον | ἀσκῶμεν | ἀσκῆτε | ἀσκῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | ἀσκοίην, ἀσκοῖμῐ |
ἀσκοίης, ἀσκοῖς |
ἀσκοίη, ἀσκοῖ |
ἀσκοῖτον, ἀσκοίητον |
ἀσκοίτην, ἀσκοιήτην |
ἀσκοῖμεν, ἀσκοίημεν |
ἀσκοῖτε, ἀσκοίητε |
ἀσκοῖεν, ἀσκοίησᾰν | |||||
imperative | ἄσκει | ἀσκείτω | ἀσκεῖτον | ἀσκείτων | ἀσκεῖτε | ἀσκούντων | |||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἀσκοῦμαι | ἀσκεῖ, ἀσκῇ |
ἀσκεῖται | ἀσκεῖσθον | ἀσκεῖσθον | ἀσκούμεθᾰ | ἀσκεῖσθε | ἀσκοῦνται | ||||
subjunctive | ἀσκῶμαι | ἀσκῇ | ἀσκῆται | ἀσκῆσθον | ἀσκῆσθον | ἀσκώμεθᾰ | ἀσκῆσθε | ἀσκῶνται | |||||
optative | ἀσκοίμην | ἀσκοῖο | ἀσκοῖτο | ἀσκοῖσθον | ἀσκοίσθην | ἀσκοίμεθᾰ | ἀσκοῖσθε | ἀσκοῖντο | |||||
imperative | ἀσκοῦ | ἀσκείσθω | ἀσκεῖσθον | ἀσκείσθων | ἀσκεῖσθε | ἀσκείσθων | |||||||
active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
infinitive | ἀσκεῖν | ἀσκεῖσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | ἀσκῶν | ἀσκούμενος | ||||||||||
f | ἀσκοῦσᾰ | ἀσκουμένη | |||||||||||
n | ἀσκοῦν | ἀσκούμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Imperfect: ἤσκεον, ἠσκεόμην (Uncontracted)
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἤσκεον | ἤσκεες | ἤσκεε(ν) | ἠσκέετον | ἠσκεέτην | ἠσκέομεν | ἠσκέετε | ἤσκεον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἠσκεόμην | ἠσκέου | ἠσκέετο | ἠσκέεσθον | ἠσκεέσθην | ἠσκεόμεθᾰ | ἠσκέεσθε | ἠσκέοντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Imperfect: ἤσκουν, ἠσκούμην (Contracted)
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἤσκουν | ἤσκεις | ἤσκει | ἠσκεῖτον | ἠσκείτην | ἠσκοῦμεν | ἠσκεῖτε | ἤσκουν | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἠσκούμην | ἠσκοῦ | ἠσκεῖτο | ἠσκεῖσθον | ἠσκείσθην | ἠσκούμεθᾰ | ἠσκεῖσθε | ἠσκοῦντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Future: ἀσκήσω, ἀσκήσομαι, ἀσκηθήσομαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἀσκήσω | ἀσκήσεις | ἀσκήσει | ἀσκήσετον | ἀσκήσετον | ἀσκήσομεν | ἀσκήσετε | ἀσκήσουσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | ἀσκήσοιμῐ | ἀσκήσοις | ἀσκήσοι | ἀσκήσοιτον | ἀσκησοίτην | ἀσκήσοιμεν | ἀσκήσοιτε | ἀσκήσοιεν | |||||
middle | indicative | ἀσκήσομαι | ἀσκήσῃ, ἀσκήσει |
ἀσκήσεται | ἀσκήσεσθον | ἀσκήσεσθον | ἀσκησόμεθᾰ | ἀσκήσεσθε | ἀσκήσονται | ||||
optative | ἀσκησοίμην | ἀσκήσοιο | ἀσκήσοιτο | ἀσκήσοισθον | ἀσκησοίσθην | ἀσκησοίμεθᾰ | ἀσκήσοισθε | ἀσκήσοιντο | |||||
passive | indicative | ἀσκηθήσομαι | ἀσκηθήσῃ | ἀσκηθήσεται | ἀσκηθήσεσθον | ἀσκηθήσεσθον | ἀσκηθησόμεθᾰ | ἀσκηθήσεσθε | ἀσκηθήσονται | ||||
optative | ἀσκηθησοίμην | ἀσκηθήσοιο | ἀσκηθήσοιτο | ἀσκηθήσοισθον | ἀσκηθησοίσθην | ἀσκηθησοίμεθᾰ | ἀσκηθήσοισθε | ἀσκηθήσοιντο | |||||
active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
infinitive | ἀσκήσειν | ἀσκήσεσθαι | ἀσκηθήσεσθαι | ||||||||||
participle | m | ἀσκήσων | ἀσκησόμενος | ἀσκηθησόμενος | |||||||||
f | ἀσκήσουσᾰ | ἀσκησομένη | ἀσκηθησομένη | ||||||||||
n | ἀσκῆσον | ἀσκησόμενον | ἀσκηθησόμενον | ||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Aorist: ἤσκησᾰ, ἠσκησᾰ́μην, ἠσκήθην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἤσκησᾰ | ἤσκησᾰς | ἤσκησε(ν) | ἠσκήσᾰτον | ἠσκησᾰ́την | ἠσκήσᾰμεν | ἠσκήσᾰτε | ἤσκησᾰν | ||||
subjunctive | ἀσκήσω | ἀσκήσῃς | ἀσκήσῃ | ἀσκήσητον | ἀσκήσητον | ἀσκήσωμεν | ἀσκήσητε | ἀσκήσωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | ἀσκήσαιμῐ | ἀσκήσειᾰς, ἀσκήσαις |
ἀσκήσειε(ν), ἀσκήσαι |
ἀσκήσαιτον | ἀσκησαίτην | ἀσκήσαιμεν | ἀσκήσαιτε | ἀσκήσειᾰν, ἀσκήσαιεν | |||||
imperative | ἄσκησον | ἀσκησᾰ́τω | ἀσκήσᾰτον | ἀσκησᾰ́των | ἀσκήσᾰτε | ἀσκησᾰ́ντων | |||||||
middle | indicative | ἠσκησᾰ́μην | ἠσκήσω | ἠσκήσᾰτο | ἠσκήσᾰσθον | ἠσκησᾰ́σθην | ἠσκησᾰ́μεθᾰ | ἠσκήσᾰσθε | ἠσκήσᾰντο | ||||
subjunctive | ἀσκήσωμαι | ἀσκήσῃ | ἀσκήσηται | ἀσκήσησθον | ἀσκήσησθον | ἀσκησώμεθᾰ | ἀσκήσησθε | ἀσκήσωνται | |||||
optative | ἀσκησαίμην | ἀσκήσαιο | ἀσκήσαιτο | ἀσκήσαισθον | ἀσκησαίσθην | ἀσκησαίμεθᾰ | ἀσκήσαισθε | ἀσκήσαιντο | |||||
imperative | ἄσκησαι | ἀσκησᾰ́σθω | ἀσκήσᾰσθον | ἀσκησᾰ́σθων | ἀσκήσᾰσθε | ἀσκησᾰ́σθων | |||||||
passive | indicative | ἠσκήθην | ἠσκήθης | ἠσκήθη | ἠσκήθητον | ἠσκηθήτην | ἠσκήθημεν | ἠσκήθητε | ἠσκήθησᾰν | ||||
subjunctive | ἀσκηθῶ | ἀσκηθῇς | ἀσκηθῇ | ἀσκηθῆτον | ἀσκηθῆτον | ἀσκηθῶμεν | ἀσκηθῆτε | ἀσκηθῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | ἀσκηθείην | ἀσκηθείης | ἀσκηθείη | ἀσκηθεῖτον, ἀσκηθείητον |
ἀσκηθείτην, ἀσκηθειήτην |
ἀσκηθεῖμεν, ἀσκηθείημεν |
ἀσκηθεῖτε, ἀσκηθείητε |
ἀσκηθεῖεν, ἀσκηθείησᾰν | |||||
imperative | ἀσκήθητῐ | ἀσκηθήτω | ἀσκήθητον | ἀσκηθήτων | ἀσκήθητε | ἀσκηθέντων | |||||||
active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
infinitive | ἀσκῆσαι | ἀσκήσᾰσθαι | ἀσκηθῆναι | ||||||||||
participle | m | ἀσκήσᾱς | ἀσκησᾰ́μενος | ἀσκηθείς | |||||||||
f | ἀσκήσᾱσᾰ | ἀσκησᾰμένη | ἀσκηθεῖσᾰ | ||||||||||
n | ἀσκῆσᾰν | ἀσκησᾰ́μενον | ἀσκηθέν | ||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Perfect: ἤσκηκᾰ, ἤσκημαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἤσκηκᾰ | ἤσκηκᾰς | ἤσκηκε(ν) | ἠσκήκᾰτον | ἠσκήκᾰτον | ἠσκήκᾰμεν | ἠσκήκᾰτε | ἠσκήκᾱσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | ἠσκήκω | ἠσκήκῃς | ἠσκήκῃ | ἠσκήκητον | ἠσκήκητον | ἠσκήκωμεν | ἠσκήκητε | ἠσκήκωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | ἠσκήκοιμῐ, ἠσκηκοίην |
ἠσκήκοις, ἠσκηκοίης |
ἠσκήκοι, ἠσκηκοίη |
ἠσκήκοιτον | ἠσκηκοίτην | ἠσκήκοιμεν | ἠσκήκοιτε | ἠσκήκοιεν | |||||
imperative | ἤσκηκε | ἠσκηκέτω | ἠσκήκετον | ἠσκηκέτων | ἠσκήκετε | ἠσκηκόντων | |||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἤσκημαι | ἤσκησαι | ἤσκηται | ἤσκησθον | ἤσκησθον | ἠσκήμεθᾰ | ἤσκησθε | ἤσκηνται | ||||
subjunctive | ἠσκημένος ὦ | ἠσκημένος ᾖς | ἠσκημένος ᾖ | ἠσκημένω ἦτον | ἠσκημένω ἦτον | ἠσκημένοι ὦμεν | ἠσκημένοι ἦτε | ἠσκημένοι ὦσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | ἠσκημένος εἴην | ἠσκημένος εἴης | ἠσκημένος εἴη | ἠσκημένοι εἴητον/εἶτον | ἠσκημένω εἰήτην/εἴτην | ἠσκημένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν | ἠσκημένοι εἴητε/εἶτε | ἠσκημένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν | |||||
imperative | ἤσκησο | ἠσκήσθω | ἤσκησθον | ἠσκήσθων | ἤσκησθε | ἠσκήσθων | |||||||
active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
infinitive | ἠσκηκέναι | ἠσκῆσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | ἠσκηκώς | ἠσκημένος | ||||||||||
f | ἠσκηκυῖᾰ | ἠσκημένη | |||||||||||
n | ἠσκηκός | ἠσκημένον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Derived terms
- ἄσκημα (áskēma)
- ἄσκησις (áskēsis)
- ἀσκητέος (askētéos)
- ἀσκητήρ (askētḗr)
- ἀσκητής (askētḗs)
- ἀσκητικός (askētikós)
- ἀσκητός (askētós)
- ἀσκήτωρ (askḗtōr)
- διασκέω (diaskéō)
- ἐνασκέω (enaskéō)
- ἐξασκέω (exaskéō)
- ἐπασκέω (epaskéō)
- κατασκέω (kataskéō)
- προασκέω (proaskéō)
- προσασκέω (prosaskéō)
- συνασκέω (sunaskéō)
- σωμασκέω (sōmaskéō)
- φωνασκέω (phōnaskéō)
- χειμασκέω (kheimaskéō)
Related terms
- ἄσκη (áskē)
Further reading
- ἀσκέω in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- ἀσκέω in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- ἀσκέω in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- ἀσκέω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- ἀσκέω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- ἀσκέω in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2019)
- ἀσκέω in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G778 in Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible, 1979
References
- Bernal, Martin (2001): Black Athena Writes Back: Martin Bernal Responds to His Critics, p. 305
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