ἄγχω

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂enǵʰ-. Cognates include Old English enge (whence the first element in English hangnail), Latin angō, Sanskrit अंहु (aṃhu), and Old Armenian անձուկ (anjuk, “narrow, tight”).

Pronunciation
 

Verb

ἄγχω • (ánkhō)

(Epic, Attic, Doric, Koine)
  1. (transitive) To compress, press tight, especially the throat
  2. (transitive) To strangle, throttle, choke
  3. (figuratively, transitive) To put pressure on
    • 424 BCE, Aristophanes, The Knights 773–777:
      καὶ πῶς ἂν ἐμοῦ μᾶλλόν σε φιλῶν ὦ Δῆμε γένοιτο πολίτης;
      ὃς πρῶτα μὲν ἡνίκ᾽ ἐβούλευον σοὶ χρήματα πλεῖστ᾽ ἀπέδειξα
      ἐν τῷ κοινῷ, τοὺς μὲν στρεβλῶν τοὺς δ᾽ ἄγχων τοὺς δὲ μεταιτῶν,
      οὐ φροντίζων τῶν ἰδιωτῶν οὐδενός, εἰ σοὶ χαριοίμην.
      kaì pôs àn emoû mâllón se philôn ô Dême génoito polítēs?
      hòs prôta mèn hēník᾽ eboúleuon soì khrḗmata pleîst᾽ apédeixa
      en tôi koinôi, toùs mèn streblôn toùs d᾽ ánkhōn toùs dè metaitôn,
      ou phrontízōn tôn idiōtôn oudenós, ei soì kharioímēn.
      • Translation by Eugene O'Neill, Jr.
        Is it possible, Demos, to love you more than I do? And firstly, as long as you have governed with my consent, have I not filled your treasury, putting pressure on some, torturing others or begging of them, indifferent to the opinion of private individuals, and solely anxious to please you?
    • 125 CE – 200 CE, Lucian, The Carousal Symposium or The Lapiths 32

Inflection
   Present: ἄγχω, ἄγχομαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἄγχω ἄγχεις ἄγχει ἄγχετον ἄγχετον ἄγχομεν ἄγχετε ἄγχουσῐ(ν)
subjunctive ἄγχω ἄγχῃς ἄγχῃ ἄγχητον ἄγχητον ἄγχωμεν ἄγχητε ἄγχωσῐ(ν)
optative ἄγχοιμῐ ἄγχοις ἄγχοι ἄγχοιτον ἀγχοίτην ἄγχοιμεν ἄγχοιτε ἄγχοιεν
imperative   ἆγχε ἀγχέτω ἄγχετον ἀγχέτων   ἄγχετε ἀγχόντων
middle/
passive		 indicative ἄγχομαι ἄγχῃ,
ἄγχει		 ἄγχεται ἄγχεσθον ἄγχεσθον ἀγχόμεθᾰ ἄγχεσθε ἄγχονται
subjunctive ἄγχωμαι ἄγχῃ ἄγχηται ἄγχησθον ἄγχησθον ἀγχώμεθᾰ ἄγχησθε ἄγχωνται
optative ἀγχοίμην ἄγχοιο ἄγχοιτο ἄγχοισθον ἀγχοίσθην ἀγχοίμεθᾰ ἄγχοισθε ἄγχοιντο
imperative   ἄγχου ἀγχέσθω ἄγχεσθον ἀγχέσθων   ἄγχεσθε ἀγχέσθων
active middle/passive
infinitive ἄγχειν ἄγχεσθαι
participle m ἄγχων ἀγχόμενος
f ἄγχουσᾰ ἀγχομένη
n ἆγχον ἀγχόμενον
Notes: This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: ἦγχον, ἠγχόμην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἦγχον ἦγχες ἦγχε(ν) ἤγχετον ἠγχέτην ἤγχομεν ἤγχετε ἦγχον
middle/
passive		 indicative ἠγχόμην ἤγχου ἤγχετο ἤγχεσθον ἠγχέσθην ἠγχόμεθᾰ ἤγχεσθε ἤγχοντο
Notes: This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Future: ἄγξω
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἄγξω ἄγξεις ἄγξει ἄγξετον ἄγξετον ἄγξομεν ἄγξετε ἄγξουσῐ(ν)
optative ἄγξοιμῐ ἄγξοις ἄγξοι ἄγξοιτον ἀγξοίτην ἄγξοιμεν ἄγξοιτε ἄγξοιεν
active
infinitive ἄγξειν
participle m ἄγξων
f ἄγξουσᾰ
n ἆγξον
Notes: This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: ἦγξᾰ
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἦγξᾰ ἦγξᾰς ἦγξε(ν) ἤγξᾰτον ἠγξᾰ́την ἤγξᾰμεν ἤγξᾰτε ἦγξᾰν
subjunctive ἄγξω ἄγξῃς ἄγξῃ ἄγξητον ἄγξητον ἄγξωμεν ἄγξητε ἄγξωσῐ(ν)
optative ἄγξαιμῐ ἄγξειᾰς,
ἄγξαις		 ἄγξειε(ν),
ἄγξαι		 ἄγξαιτον ἀγξαίτην ἄγξαιμεν ἄγξαιτε ἄγξειᾰν,
ἄγξαιεν
imperative   ἆγξον ἀγξᾰ́τω ἄγξᾰτον ἀγξᾰ́των   ἄγξᾰτε ἀγξᾰ́ντων
active
infinitive ἆγξαι
participle m ἄγξᾱς
f ἄγξᾱσᾰ
n ἆγξᾰν
Notes: This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Derived terms
  • ἀνάγχω (anánkhō)
  • ἀπάγχω (apánkhō)
  • διάγχω (diánkhō)
  • κατάγχω (katánkhō)
  • κῠνάγχη (kunánkhē)
  • περιάγχω (periánkhō)
  • ἀγκτήρ (anktḗr)
  • ἄγξις (ánxis)
  • ἀγχόνη (ankhónē)
  • ἀγχώδης (ankhṓdēs)

References
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