ἄρθρον
Ancient Greek
Etymology
From ἀραρίσκω (ararískō) + -θρον (-thron) (from Proto-Indo-European *-dʰrom).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ár.tʰron/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈar.tʰron/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈar.θron/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈar.θron/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈar.θron/
Noun
ᾰ̓́ρθρον • (árthron) n (genitive ᾰ̓́ρθρου); second declension
- (anatomy) joint
- (anatomy) limb
- articulation
- ἄρθρον τῆς φωνῆς (árthron tês phōnês) – vocal articulation
- (grammar) connecting word
- (grammar) an article: a category including the definite article ὁ (ho) and the basic relative pronoun ὅς (hós)
Usage notes
Note concerning definition #2, ἄρθρον (árthron) was sometimes used to refer to various body parts such as the ankles, eyes, mouth, genitals, etc.
Inflection
| Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | τὸ ᾰ̓́ρθρον tò árthron |
τὼ ᾰ̓́ρθρω tṑ árthrō |
τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓́ρθρᾰ tà árthra | ||||||||||
| Genitive | τοῦ ᾰ̓́ρθρου toû árthrou |
τοῖν ᾰ̓́ρθροιν toîn árthroin |
τῶν ᾰ̓́ρθρων tôn árthrōn | ||||||||||
| Dative | τῷ ᾰ̓́ρθρῳ tôi árthrōi |
τοῖν ᾰ̓́ρθροιν toîn árthroin |
τοῖς ᾰ̓́ρθροις toîs árthrois | ||||||||||
| Accusative | τὸ ᾰ̓́ρθρον tò árthron |
τὼ ᾰ̓́ρθρω tṑ árthrō |
τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓́ρθρᾰ tà árthra | ||||||||||
| Vocative | ᾰ̓́ρθρον árthron |
ᾰ̓́ρθρω árthrō |
ᾰ̓́ρθρᾰ árthra | ||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||
Descendants
- Greek: άρθρο (árthro)
Further reading
- ἄρθρον in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- ἄρθρον in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- ἄρθρον in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- ἄρθρον in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2019)
- ἄρθρον in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- joint idem, page 463.
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