ἄρχων
Ancient Greek
Etymology
A noun use of the present participle of ἄρχω (árkhō, “to rule”).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ár.kʰɔːn/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈar.kʰon/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈar.xon/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈar.xon/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈar.xon/
Inflection
| Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ὁ ᾰ̓́ρχων ho árkhōn |
τὼ ᾰ̓́ρχοντε tṑ árkhonte |
οἱ ᾰ̓́ρχοντες hoi árkhontes | ||||||||||
| Genitive | τοῦ ᾰ̓́ρχοντος toû árkhontos |
τοῖν ᾰ̓ρχόντοιν toîn arkhóntoin |
τῶν ᾰ̓ρχόντων tôn arkhóntōn | ||||||||||
| Dative | τῷ ᾰ̓́ρχοντῐ tôi árkhonti |
τοῖν ᾰ̓ρχόντοιν toîn arkhóntoin |
τοῖς ᾰ̓́ρχουσῐ / ᾰ̓́ρχουσῐν toîs árkhousi(n) | ||||||||||
| Accusative | τὸν ᾰ̓́ρχοντᾰ tòn árkhonta |
τὼ ᾰ̓́ρχοντε tṑ árkhonte |
τοὺς ᾰ̓́ρχοντᾰς toùs árkhontas | ||||||||||
| Vocative | ᾰ̓́ρχον árkhon |
ᾰ̓́ρχοντε árkhonte |
ᾰ̓́ρχοντες árkhontes | ||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||
Participle
ᾰ̓́ρχων • (árkhōn) m (feminine ᾰ̓́ρχουσᾰ, neuter ᾰ̓́ρχον); first/third declension
- present active participle of ᾰ̓́ρχω (árkhō)
Inflection
| Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case/Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||
| Nominative | ᾰ̓́ρχων árkhōn |
ᾰ̓́ρχουσᾰ árkhousa |
ᾰ̓́ρχον árkhon |
ᾰ̓́ρχοντε árkhonte |
ᾰ̓ρχούσᾱ arkhoúsā |
ᾰ̓́ρχοντε árkhonte |
ᾰ̓́ρχοντες árkhontes |
ᾰ̓́ρχουσαι árkhousai |
ᾰ̓́ρχοντᾰ árkhonta | |||||
| Genitive | ᾰ̓́ρχοντος árkhontos |
ᾰ̓ρχούσης arkhoúsēs |
ᾰ̓́ρχοντος árkhontos |
ᾰ̓ρχόντοιν arkhóntoin |
ᾰ̓ρχούσαιν arkhoúsain |
ᾰ̓ρχόντοιν arkhóntoin |
ᾰ̓ρχόντων arkhóntōn |
ᾰ̓ρχουσῶν arkhousôn |
ᾰ̓ρχόντων arkhóntōn | |||||
| Dative | ᾰ̓́ρχοντῐ árkhonti |
ᾰ̓ρχούσῃ arkhoúsēi |
ᾰ̓́ρχοντῐ árkhonti |
ᾰ̓ρχόντοιν arkhóntoin |
ᾰ̓ρχούσαιν arkhoúsain |
ᾰ̓ρχόντοιν arkhóntoin |
ᾰ̓́ρχουσῐ / ᾰ̓́ρχουσῐν árkhousi(n) |
ᾰ̓ρχούσαις arkhoúsais |
ᾰ̓́ρχουσῐ / ᾰ̓́ρχουσῐν árkhousi(n) | |||||
| Accusative | ᾰ̓́ρχοντᾰ árkhonta |
ᾰ̓́ρχουσᾰν árkhousan |
ᾰ̓́ρχον árkhon |
ᾰ̓́ρχοντε árkhonte |
ᾰ̓ρχούσᾱ arkhoúsā |
ᾰ̓́ρχοντε árkhonte |
ᾰ̓́ρχοντᾰς árkhontas |
ᾰ̓ρχούσᾱς arkhoúsās |
ᾰ̓́ρχοντᾰ árkhonta | |||||
| Vocative | ᾰ̓́ρχων árkhōn |
ᾰ̓́ρχουσᾰ árkhousa |
ᾰ̓́ρχον árkhon |
ᾰ̓́ρχοντε árkhonte |
ᾰ̓ρχούσᾱ arkhoúsā |
ᾰ̓́ρχοντε árkhonte |
ᾰ̓́ρχοντες árkhontes |
ᾰ̓́ρχουσαι árkhousai |
ᾰ̓́ρχοντᾰ árkhonta | |||||
| Notes: |
| |||||||||||||
Descendants
- Greek: άρχοντας (árchontas), άρχων (árchon)
- → Arabic: أَرْخُون (ʾarḵūn), أَرْكُونٌ (ʾarkūnun)
- → Aramaic: ארכון (ʾrkwn /ʾarkōn/), [script needed] (ʾrkwnʾ /ʾarkōnā/)
- → Classical Syriac: ܐܪܟܘܢ (ʾrkwn /ʾarkōn/), ܐܪܟܘܢܐ (ʾrkwnʾ /ʾarkōnā/)
- → Old Armenian: *արքոյն (*arkʿoyn), արքայ (arkʿay)
- → Coptic: ⲁⲣⲭⲱⲛ (arkhōn)
- → Latin: archōn
- → English: archon
Further reading
- ἄρχων in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- ἄρχων in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- ἄρχων in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- ἄρχων in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2019)
- G758 in Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible, 1979
- ἄρχων in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- chief idem, page 129.
- funtcionary idem, page 350.
- governor idem, page 368.
- lord idem, page 500.
- magistrate idem, page 507.
- mayor idem, page 519.
- officer idem, page 571.
- prince idem, page 641.
- regent idem, page 687.
- ruler idem, page 726.
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