Ἀχιλλεύς

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

Ἀχιλεύς (Akhileús) – Epic, sometimes for meter

Etymology

Of uncertain origin. In Mycenaean Greek Linear B texts, the name 𐀀𐀑𐀩𐀄 (a-ki-re-u)[1] (nominative), 𐀀𐀑𐀩𐀸 (a-ki-re-we),[2] (dative) is attested and generally taken to be the same name.[3]

Since ancient times and in the present day, some have speculated that the name is connected to ἄχος (ákhos, “distress; grief”) and λαός (laós, “people”), as the grief Achilles causes people is a central theme of the Iliad.[4][5][6]

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /a.kʰil.lěu̯s/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /a.kʰilˈleʍs/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /a.xilˈleɸs/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /a.çilˈlefs/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /a.çiˈlefs/

Proper noun

Ἀχιλλεύς • (Akhilleús) m (genitive Ἀχιλλέως); third declension

A male given name, equivalent to English Achilles

Inflection

Third declension of ὁ Ἀχιλλεύς; τοῦ Ἀχιλλέως (Attic)

Case / #	Singular
Nominative	ὁ Ἀχιλλεύς ho Akhilleús
Genitive	τοῦ Ἀχιλλέως toû Akhilléōs
Dative	τῷ Ἀχιλλεῖ tôi Akhilleî
Accusative	τὸν Ἀχιλλέᾱ tòn Akhilléā
Vocative	Ἀχιλλεῦ Akhilleû
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Third declension of Ἀχιλλεύς; Ἀχιλλῆος (Epic)

Case / #	Singular
Nominative	Ἀχιλλεύς Akhilleús
Genitive	Ἀχιλλῆος / Ἀχιλλέος Akhillêos / Akhilléos
Dative	Ἀχιλλῆῐ̈ / Ἀχιλλέῐ̈ Akhillêï / Akhilléï
Accusative	Ἀχιλλῆᾰ / Ἀχιλλέᾰ Akhillêa / Akhilléa
Vocative	Ἀχιλλεῦ Akhilleû
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Derived terms

Ἀχίλλειος (Akhílleios)

Descendants

Greek: Αχιλλέας (Achilléas), Αχιλλεύς (Achilléfs)
→ Latin: Achilles, Achilleus
- → English: Achilles
- → French: Achille
- → Italian: Achille

References

Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, volume 76 (1972, →ISBN
Linear B, a 1984 Survey: Proceedings of the Mycenaean Colloquium (1985, →ISBN
Glotta: Zeitschrift für griechische und lateinische Sprache (1993), The Name of Achilles: a revised etymology, page 19: a-ki-re-u (nominative) and a-ki-re-we (dative) at Knosses (Vc 106) and Pylos (Fn 06) respectively
Leonard Palmer (1963) The Interpretation of Mycenaean Greek Texts, Clarendon Press, page 79
Gregory Nagy (accessed 19 March 2015), “The best of the Achaeans”, in (Please provide the title of the work)‎, The Center for Hellenic Studies, Harvard University
Glotta: Zeitschrift für griechische und lateinische Sprache (1993), The Name of Achilles: a revised etymology, pages 19 through 21, summarizes Nagy's, Palmer's, and also Kretschmer's theories in this regard.

Ἀχιλλεύς in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
Ἀχιλλεύς in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
Ἀχιλλεύς in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2019)
Ἀχιλλεύς in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
Ἀχιλλεύς in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited, page 999

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[1] Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, volume 76 (1972, →ISBN

[2] Linear B, a 1984 Survey: Proceedings of the Mycenaean Colloquium (1985, →ISBN

[3] Glotta: Zeitschrift für griechische und lateinische Sprache (1993), The Name of Achilles: a revised etymology, page 19: a-ki-re-u (nominative) and a-ki-re-we (dative) at Knosses (Vc 106) and Pylos (Fn 06) respectively

[4] Leonard Palmer (1963) The Interpretation of Mycenaean Greek Texts, Clarendon Press, page 79

[Nagy-5] Gregory Nagy (accessed 19 March 2015), “The best of the Achaeans”, in (Please provide the title of the work)‎, The Center for Hellenic Studies, Harvard University

[6] Glotta: Zeitschrift für griechische und lateinische Sprache (1993), The Name of Achilles: a revised etymology, pages 19 through 21, summarizes Nagy's, Palmer's, and also Kretschmer's theories in this regard.