ἵημι
Ancient Greek
Etymology
From Proto-Hellenic *yiyēmi, reduplicated present of Proto-Indo-European *(H)yeh₁- (“to throw”). Compare Latin iaciō. This has been connected with Hittite [script needed] (iya-, “to do, make”), but that hypothesis is rejected by Kloekhorst (2008).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /hǐː.ɛː.mi/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈ(h)i.e.mi/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈi.i.mi/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈi.i.mi/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈi.i.mi/
Verb
ῑ̔́ημῐ • (hī́ēmi)
- I release, let go
- (of sounds) I utter, speak, say
- Module:Quotations:383: attempt to compare number with nil
- Module:Quotations:383: attempt to compare number with nil
- I throw, shoot, hurl
- (of water) I let flow, flow, spout forth
- I send
- (middle) I speed myself, hasten
- 5th century BC, Pherecrates, Collected Works 134
- (middle, with infinitive) I am eager, I desire (to do something)
- (middle, with genitive) I am set upon, long for
Usage notes
All forms except the present and imperfect are used only in composition.
Inflection
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ῑ̔́ημῐ | ῑ̔́ης | ῑ̔́ησῐ(ν) | ῑ̔́ετον | ῑ̔́ετον | ῑ̔́εμεν | ῑ̔́ετε | ῑ̔ᾶσι(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | ῑ̔ῶ | ῑ̔ῇς | ῑ̔ῇ | ῑ̔ῆτον | ῑ̔ῆτον | ῑ̔ῶμεν | ῑ̔ῆτε | ῑ̔ῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | ῑ̔είην | ῑ̔είης | ῑ̔είη | ῑ̔εῖτον, ῑ̔είητον |
ῑ̔είτην, ῑ̔ειήτην |
ῑ̔εῖμεν, ῑ̔είημεν |
ῑ̔εῖτε, ῑ̔είητε |
ῑ̔εῖεν, ῑ̔είησᾰν | |||||
imperative | ῑ̔́ει | ῑ̔έτω | ῑ̔́ετον | ῑ̔έτων | ῑ̔́ετε | ῑ̔έντων | |||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ῑ̔́εμαι | ῑ̔́εσαι | ῑ̔́εται | ῑ̔́εσθον | ῑ̔́εσθον | ῑ̔έμεθᾰ | ῑ̔́εσθε | ῑ̔́ενται | ||||
subjunctive | ῑ̔ῶμαι | ῑ̔ῇ | ῑ̔ῆται | ῑ̔ῆσθον | ῑ̔ῆσθον | ῑ̔ώμεθᾰ | ῑ̔ῆσθε | ῑ̔ῶνται | |||||
optative | ῑ̔είμην | ῑ̔εῖο | ῑ̔εῖτο, ῑ̔οῖτο |
ῑ̔εῖσθον, ῑ̔οῖσθον |
ῑ̔είσθην, ῑ̔οίσθην |
ῑ̔είμεθᾰ, ῑ̔οίμεθᾰ |
ῑ̔εῖσθε, ῑ̔οῖσθε |
ῑ̔εῖντο, ῑ̔οῖντο | |||||
imperative | ῑ̔́εσο | ῑ̔έσθω | ῑ̔́εσθον | ῑ̔έσθων | ῑ̔́εσθε | ῑ̔έσθων | |||||||
active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
infinitive | ῑ̔έναι | ῑ̔́εσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | ῑ̔είς | ῑ̔έμενος | ||||||||||
f | ῑ̔εῖσᾰ | ῑ̔εμένη | |||||||||||
n | ῑ̔έν | ῑ̔έμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ῐ̔́ημῐ | ῐ̔́ης/ῐ̔́ησθᾰ | ῐ̔́ησῐ/ῐ̔εῖ | ῐ̔́ετον | ῐ̔́ετον | ῐ̔́εμεν | ῐ̔́ετε | ἱᾶσι(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | ῐ̔ῶ, ῐ̔ῶμῐ |
ῐ̔ῇς, ῐ̔ῇσθᾰ |
ῐ̔ῇ, ῐ̔ῇσῐ |
ῐ̔ῆτον | ῐ̔ῆτον | ῐ̔ῶμεν | ῐ̔ῆτε | ῐ̔ῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | ῐ̔είην | ῐ̔είης | ῐ̔είη | ῐ̔εῖτον | ῐ̔είτην | ῐ̔εῖμεν | ῐ̔εῖτε | ῐ̔εῖεν | |||||
imperative | ῐ̔́ει | ῐ̔έτω | ῐ̔́ετον | ῐ̔έτων | ῐ̔́ετε | ῐ̔έντων | |||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ῐ̔́εμαι | ῐ̔́εσαι | ῐ̔́εται | ῐ̔́εσθον | ῐ̔́εσθον | ῐ̔έμε(σ)θᾰ | ῐ̔́εσθε | ῐ̔́ενται | ||||
subjunctive | ῐ̔ῶμαι, ῐ̔ῶμαιμῐ |
ῐ̔ῇ, ῐ̔ῇ |
ῐ̔ῆται, ῐ̔ῆταισῐ |
ῐ̔ῆσθον | ῐ̔ῆσθον | ῐ̔ώμε(σ)θᾰ | ῐ̔ῆσθε | ῐ̔ῶνται | |||||
optative | ῐ̔είμην | ῐ̔εῖο | ῐ̔εῖτο, ῐ̔οῖτο |
ῐ̔εῖσθον, ῐ̔οῖσθον |
ῐ̔είσθην, ῐ̔οίσθην |
[[ἱείμεθα,<br>οίμεθα#Ancient Greek|ῐ̔είμεθᾰ, οίμε]]([[ἱείμεθα,<br>οίμεσθα#Ancient Greek|σ]])[[ἱείμεθα,<br>οίμεθα#Ancient Greek|θᾰ]] |
ῐ̔εῖσθε, ῐ̔οῖσθε |
ῐ̔́ειντο, ῐ̔οίᾰτο | |||||
imperative | ῐ̔́εσο | ῐ̔έσθω | ῐ̔́εσθον | ῐ̔έσθων | ῐ̔́εσθε | ῐ̔έσθων | |||||||
active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
infinitive | ῐ̔έμεν(αι) | ῐ̔́εσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | ῐ̔είς | ῐ̔έμενος | ||||||||||
f | ῐ̔εῖσᾰ | ῐ̔εμένη | |||||||||||
n | ῐ̔έν | ῐ̔έμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ῑ̔́ην | ῑ̔́εις | ῑ̔́ει | ῑ̔́ετον | ῑ̔έτην | ῑ̔́εμεν | ῑ̔́ετε | ῑ̔́εσᾰν | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ῑ̔έμην | ῑ̔́εσο | ῑ̔́ετο | ῑ̔́εσθον | ῑ̔έσθην | ῑ̔έμεθᾰ | ῑ̔́εσθε | ῑ̔́εντο | ||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ῐ̔́ην | ῐ̔́εις | ῐ̔́ει | ῐ̔́ετον | ῐ̔έτην | ῐ̔́εμεν | ῐ̔́ετε | ῐ̔́εσᾰν | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ῐ̔έμην | ῐ̔́εσο | ῐ̔́ετο | ῐ̔́εσθον | ῐ̔έσθην | ῐ̔έμε(σ)θᾰ | ῐ̔́εσθε | ῐ̔́εντο | ||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἵεσκον | ἵεσκες | ἵεσκε(ν) | ἱέσκετον | ἱεσκέτην | ἱέσκομεν | ἱέσκετε | ἵεσκον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἱεσκόμην | ἱέσκου | ἱέσκετο | ἱέσκεσθον | ἱεσκέσθην | ἱεσκόμεθᾰ | ἱέσκεσθε | ἱέσκοντο | ||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Future: ἥσω, ἥσομαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἥσω | ἥσεις | ἥσει | ἥσετον | ἥσετον | ἥσομεν | ἥσετε | ἥσουσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | ἥσοιμῐ | ἥσοις | ἥσοι | ἥσοιτον | ἡσοίτην | ἥσοιμεν | ἥσοιτε | ἥσοιεν | |||||
middle | indicative | ἥσομαι | ἥσῃ, ἥσει |
ἥσεται | ἥσεσθον | ἥσεσθον | ἡσόμεθᾰ | ἥσεσθε | ἥσονται | ||||
optative | ἡσοίμην | ἥσοιο | ἥσοιτο | ἥσοισθον | ἡσοίσθην | ἡσοίμεθᾰ | ἥσοισθε | ἥσοιντο | |||||
active | middle | ||||||||||||
infinitive | ἥσειν | ἥσεσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | ἥσων | ἡσόμενος | ||||||||||
f | ἥσουσᾰ | ἡσομένη | |||||||||||
n | ἧσον | ἡσόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Aorist: ἧκᾰ, ἡκᾰ́μην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἧκᾰ | ἧκᾰς | ἧκε(ν) | ἥκᾰτον | ἡκᾰ́την | ἥκᾰμεν | ἥκᾰτε | ἧκᾰν | ||||
middle | indicative | ἡκᾰ́μην | ἥκω | ἥκᾰτο | ἥκᾰσθον | ἡκᾰ́σθην | ἡκᾰ́μεθᾰ | ἥκᾰσθε | ἥκᾰντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἕηκᾰ | ἕηκᾰς | ἕηκε(ν) | ἑήκᾰτον | ἑηκᾰ́την | ἑήκᾰμεν | ἑήκᾰτε | ἕηκᾰν | ||||
middle | indicative | ἑηκᾰ́μην | ἑήκω | ἑήκᾰτο | ἑήκᾰσθον | ἑηκᾰ́σθην | ἑηκᾰ́με(σ)θᾰ | ἑήκᾰσθε | ἑήκᾰντο | ||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Aorist: εἵμην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | εἷτον | εἵτην | εἷμεν | εἷτε | εἷσᾰν | |||||||
subjunctive | ὧ | ᾗς | ᾗ, ᾗσι(ν) |
ἧτον | ἧτον | ὧμεν | ἧτε | ὧσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | εἵην | εἵης | εἵη | εἷτον/εἵητον | εἵτην/εἱήτην | εἷμεν/εἵημεν | εἷτε/εἵητε | εἷεν/εἵησᾰν | |||||
imperative | ἕς | ἕτω | ἕτον | ἕτων | ἕτε | ἕντων | |||||||
middle | indicative | εἵμην | εἷσο | εἷτο | εἷσθον | εἵσθην | εἵμεθᾰ | εἷσθε | εἷντο | ||||
subjunctive | ὧμαι | ᾗ | ἧται | ἧσθον | ἧσθον | ὥμεθᾰ | ἧσθε | ὧνται | |||||
optative | εἵμην | εἷο | εἷτο/οἷτο | εἷσθον | εἵσθην | εἵμεθᾰ/οἵμεθᾰ | εἷσθε/οἷσθε | εἷντο/οἷντο | |||||
imperative | οὗ | ἕσθω | ἕσθον | ἕσθων | ἕσθε | ἕσθων | |||||||
active | middle | ||||||||||||
infinitive | εἷναι | ἕσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | εἵς | ἕμενος | ||||||||||
f | εἷσᾰ | ἑμένη | |||||||||||
n | ἕν | ἕμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
The unaugmented 3rd plural middle indicative form ἕντο (hénto) is found in Epic Greek. |
Perfect: εἷκᾰ, εἷμαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | εἷκᾰ | εἷκᾰς | εἷκε(ν) | εἵκᾰτον | εἵκᾰτον | εἵκᾰμεν | εἵκᾰτε | εἵκᾱσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | εἵκω | εἵκῃς | εἵκῃ | εἵκητον | εἵκητον | εἵκωμεν | εἵκητε | εἵκωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | εἵκοιμῐ, εἱκοίην |
εἵκοις, εἱκοίης |
εἵκοι, εἱκοίη |
εἵκοιτον | εἱκοίτην | εἵκοιμεν | εἵκοιτε | εἵκοιεν | |||||
imperative | εἷκε | εἱκέτω | εἵκετον | εἱκέτων | εἵκετε | εἱκόντων | |||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | εἷμαι | εἷσαι | εἷται | εἷσθον | εἷσθον | εἵμεθᾰ | εἷσθε | εἷνται | ||||
subjunctive | εἱμένος ὦ | εἱμένος ᾖς | εἱμένος ᾖ | εἱμένω ἦτον | εἱμένω ἦτον | εἱμένοι ὦμεν | εἱμένοι ἦτε | εἱμένοι ὦσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | εἱμένος εἴην | εἱμένος εἴης | εἱμένος εἴη | εἱμένοι εἴητον/εἶτον | εἱμένω εἰήτην/εἴτην | εἱμένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν | εἱμένοι εἴητε/εἶτε | εἱμένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν | |||||
imperative | εἷσο | εἵσθω | εἷσθον | εἵσθων | εἷσθε | εἵσθων | |||||||
active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
infinitive | εἱκέναι | εἷσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | εἱκώς | εἱμένος | ||||||||||
f | εἱκυῖᾰ | εἱμένη | |||||||||||
n | εἱκός | εἱμένον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Perfect: ἕωκᾰ, ἕωμαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἕωκᾰ | ἕωκᾰς | ἕωκε(ν) | ἑώκᾰτον | ἑώκᾰτον | ἑώκᾰμεν | ἑώκᾰτε | ἑώκᾱσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | ἑώκω | ἑώκῃς | ἑώκῃ | ἑώκητον | ἑώκητον | ἑώκωμεν | ἑώκητε | ἑώκωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | ἑώκοιμῐ, ἑωκοίην |
ἑώκοις, ἑωκοίης |
ἑώκοι, ἑωκοίη |
ἑώκοιτον | ἑωκοίτην | ἑώκοιμεν | ἑώκοιτε | ἑώκοιεν | |||||
imperative | ἕωκε | ἑωκέτω | ἑώκετον | ἑωκέτων | ἑώκετε | ἑωκόντων | |||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἕωμαι | ἕωσαι | ἕωται | ἕωσθον | ἕωσθον | ἑώμεθᾰ | ἕωσθε | ἕωνται | ||||
subjunctive | ἑωμένος ὦ | ἑωμένος ᾖς | ἑωμένος ᾖ | ἑωμένω ἦτον | ἑωμένω ἦτον | ἑωμένοι ὦμεν | ἑωμένοι ἦτε | ἑωμένοι ὦσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | ἑωμένος εἴην | ἑωμένος εἴης | ἑωμένος εἴη | ἑωμένοι εἴητον/εἶτον | ἑωμένω εἰήτην/εἴτην | ἑωμένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν | ἑωμένοι εἴητε/εἶτε | ἑωμένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν | |||||
imperative | ἕωσο | ἑώσθω | ἕωσθον | ἑώσθων | ἕωσθε | ἑώσθων | |||||||
active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
infinitive | ἑωκέναι | ἑῶσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | ἑωκώς | ἑωμένος | ||||||||||
f | ἑωκυῖᾰ | ἑωμένη | |||||||||||
n | ἑωκός | ἑωμένον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Pluperfect: εἵμην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | εἵμην | εἷσο | εἷτο | εἷσθον | εἵσθην | εἵμεθᾰ | εἷσθε | εἷντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Derived terms
Related terms
- ἑσία (hesía)
- ἕσις (hésis)
- ἑσμός (hesmós)
- ἑτός (hetós)
- ἵεσις (híesis)
References
- ἵημι in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- ἵημι in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- ἵημι in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- ἵημι in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- ἵημι in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- ἵημι in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- Encyclopedia Papyrus-Larousse (1963)
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill
- Pokorny *i_e:-
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