ⲑⲁϥ
Coptic
Conjugation
| infinitive | ⲉⲑⲁϥ ethaf |
negative infinitive | ⲉϣⲧⲉⲙⲑⲁϥ eštemthaf | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| imperative | ⲑⲁϥ thaf |
negative imperative | ⲙⲡⲉⲣⲑⲁϥ mperthaf | |||||||
| singular | plural | Nominative | ||||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||||
| masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | |||||||
| Durative sentences | ||||||||||
| ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛⲑⲟ | ⲛⲑⲟϥ | ⲛⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - | ||
| present | simple present | ϯⲑⲁϥ tithaf |
ⲕⲑⲁϥ kthaf |
ⲧⲉⲑⲁϥ tethaf |
ϥⲑⲁϥ fthaf |
ⲥⲑⲁϥ sthaf |
ⲧⲉⲛⲑⲁϥ tenthaf |
ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲁϥ tetenthaf |
ⲥⲉⲑⲁϥ sethaf |
ⲑⲁϥ thaf |
| circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲑⲁϥ eithaf |
ⲉⲕⲑⲁϥ ekthaf |
ⲉⲣⲉⲑⲁϥ erethaf |
ⲉϥⲑⲁϥ efthaf |
ⲉⲥⲑⲁϥ esthaf |
ⲉⲛⲑⲁϥ enthaf |
ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲁϥ eretenthaf |
ⲉⲩⲑⲁϥ euthaf |
ⲉⲣⲉ - ⲑⲁϥ ere - thaf | |
| focalising | ⲁⲓⲑⲁϥ aithaf |
ⲁⲕⲑⲁϥ akthaf |
ⲁⲣⲉⲑⲁϥ arethaf |
ⲁϥⲑⲁϥ afthaf |
ⲁⲥⲑⲁϥ asthaf |
ⲁⲛⲑⲁϥ anthaf |
ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲁϥ aretenthaf |
ⲁⲩⲑⲁϥ authaf |
ⲁⲣⲉ - ⲑⲁϥ are - thaf | |
| preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲑⲁϥ naithaf |
ⲛⲁⲕⲑⲁϥ nakthaf |
ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲑⲁϥ narethaf |
ⲛⲁϥⲑⲁϥ nafthaf |
ⲛⲁⲥⲑⲁϥ nasthaf |
ⲛⲁⲛⲑⲁϥ nanthaf |
ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲁϥ naretenthaf |
ⲛⲁⲩⲑⲁϥ nauthaf |
ⲛⲁⲣⲉ - ⲑⲁϥ nare - thaf | |
| relative | ⲉϯⲑⲁϥ etithaf |
ⲉⲧⲉⲕⲑⲁϥ etekthaf |
ⲉⲧⲉⲑⲁϥ etethaf |
ⲉⲧⲉϥⲑⲁϥ etefthaf |
ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲑⲁϥ etesthaf |
ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲁϥ etenthaf |
ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲁϥ etetenthaf |
ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲑⲁϥ etouthaf |
ⲉⲧⲉ - ⲑⲁϥ ete - thaf | |
| future | simple future | ϯⲛⲁⲑⲁϥ tinathaf |
ⲭⲛⲁⲑⲁϥ khnathaf |
ⲧⲉⲛⲁⲑⲁϥ tenathaf |
ϥⲛⲁⲑⲁϥ fnathaf |
ⲥⲛⲁⲑⲁϥ snathaf |
ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲑⲁϥ tennathaf |
ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲑⲁϥ tetenathaf |
ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲑⲁϥ senathaf |
ⲛⲁⲑⲁϥ nathaf |
| circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲛⲁⲑⲁϥ einathaf |
ⲉⲭⲛⲁⲑⲁϥ ekhnathaf |
ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲑⲁϥ erenathaf |
ⲉϥⲛⲁⲑⲁϥ efnathaf |
ⲉⲥⲛⲁⲑⲁϥ esnathaf |
ⲉⲛⲛⲁⲑⲁϥ ennathaf |
ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲑⲁϥ eretennathaf |
ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲑⲁϥ eunathaf |
ⲉⲣⲉ - ⲛⲁⲑⲁϥ ere - nathaf | |
| focalising | ⲁⲓⲛⲁⲑⲁϥ ainathaf |
ⲁⲭⲛⲁⲑⲁϥ akhnathaf |
ⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲑⲁϥ arenathaf |
ⲁϥⲛⲁⲑⲁϥ afnathaf |
ⲁⲥⲛⲁⲑⲁϥ asnathaf |
ⲁⲛⲛⲁⲑⲁϥ annathaf |
ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲑⲁϥ aretennathaf |
ⲁⲩⲛⲁⲑⲁϥ aunathaf |
ⲁⲣⲉ - ⲛⲁⲑⲁϥ are - nathaf | |
| preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲛⲁⲑⲁϥ nainathaf |
ⲛⲁⲭⲛⲁⲑⲁϥ nakhnathaf |
ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲑⲁϥ narenathaf |
ⲛⲁϥⲛⲁⲑⲁϥ nafnathaf |
ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲁⲑⲁϥ nasnathaf |
ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲁⲑⲁϥ nannathaf |
ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲑⲁϥ naretennathaf |
ⲛaⲩⲛⲁⲑⲁϥ naunathaf |
ⲛaⲣⲉ - ⲛⲁⲑⲁϥ nare - nathaf | |
| unreal conditional | ⲉⲛⲁⲓⲛⲁⲑⲁϥ enainathaf |
ⲉⲛⲁⲭⲛⲁⲑⲁϥ enakhnathaf |
ⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲑⲁϥ enarenathaf |
ⲉⲛⲁϥⲛⲁⲑⲁϥ enafnathaf |
ⲉⲛⲁⲥⲛⲁⲑⲁϥ enasnathaf |
ⲉⲛⲁⲛⲛⲁⲑⲁϥ enannathaf |
ⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲑⲁϥ enaretennathaf |
ⲉⲛaⲩⲛⲁⲑⲁϥ enaunathaf |
ⲉⲛaⲣⲉ - ⲛⲁⲑⲁϥ enare - nathaf | |
| relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁⲑⲁϥ etinathaf |
ⲉⲧⲉⲭⲛⲁⲑⲁϥ etekhnathaf |
ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲑⲁϥ etenathaf |
ⲉⲧⲉϥⲛⲁⲑⲁϥ etefnathaf |
ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲛⲁⲑⲁϥ etesnathaf |
ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲑⲁϥ etennathaf |
ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲑⲁϥ etetennathaf |
ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲑⲁϥ etounathaf |
ⲉⲧⲉ - ⲛⲁⲑⲁϥ ete - nathaf | |
| Non-durative sentences | ||||||||||
| ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛⲑⲟ | ⲛⲑⲟϥ | ⲛⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - | ||
| past | affirmative | ⲁⲓⲑⲁϥ aithaf |
ⲁⲕⲑⲁϥ akthaf |
ⲁⲣⲉⲑⲁϥ arethaf |
ⲁϥⲑⲁϥ afthaf |
ⲁⲥⲑⲁϥ asthaf |
ⲁⲛⲑⲁϥ anthaf |
ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲁϥ aretenthaf |
ⲁⲩⲑⲁϥ authaf |
ⲁ - ⲑⲁϥ a - thaf |
| negative | ⲙⲡⲓⲑⲁϥ mpithaf |
ⲙⲡⲉⲕⲑⲁϥ mpekthaf |
ⲙⲡⲉⲑⲁϥ mpethaf |
ⲙⲡⲉϥⲑⲁϥ mpefthaf |
ⲙⲡⲉⲥⲑⲁϥ mpesthaf |
ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲁϥ mpenthaf |
ⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲁϥ mpetenthaf |
ⲙⲡⲟⲩⲑⲁϥ mpouthaf |
ⲙⲡⲉ - ⲑⲁϥ mpe - thaf | |
| affirmative preterite | ⲛⲉⲁⲓⲑⲁϥ neaithaf |
ⲛⲉⲁⲕⲑⲁϥ neakthaf |
ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉⲑⲁϥ nearethaf |
ⲛⲉⲁϥⲑⲁϥ neafthaf |
ⲛⲉⲁⲥⲑⲁϥ neasthaf |
ⲛⲉⲁⲛⲑⲁϥ neanthaf |
ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲁϥ nearetenthaf |
ⲛⲉⲁⲩⲑⲁϥ neauthaf |
ⲛⲉⲁ - ⲑⲁϥ nea - thaf | |
| negative preterite | ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲓⲑⲁϥ nempithaf |
ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕⲑⲁϥ nempekthaf |
ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲑⲁϥ nempethaf |
ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉϥⲑⲁϥ nempefthaf |
ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥⲑⲁϥ nempesthaf |
ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲁϥ nempenthaf |
ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲁϥ nempetenthaf |
ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲟⲩⲑⲁϥ nempouthaf |
ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉ - ⲑⲁϥ nempe - thaf | |
| circumstantial | ⲉⲁⲓⲑⲁϥ eaithaf |
ⲉⲁⲕⲑⲁϥ eakthaf |
ⲉⲁⲑⲁϥ eathaf |
ⲉⲁϥⲑⲁϥ eafthaf |
ⲉⲁⲥⲑⲁϥ easthaf |
ⲉⲁⲛⲑⲁϥ eanthaf |
ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲁϥ eatetenthaf |
ⲉⲁⲩⲑⲁϥ eauthaf |
ⲉⲁ - ⲑⲁϥ ea - thaf | |
| focalising, relative, precursive | ⲉⲧⲁⲓⲑⲁϥ etaithaf |
ⲉⲧⲁⲕⲑⲁϥ etakthaf |
ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲑⲁϥ etarethaf |
ⲉⲧⲁϥⲑⲁϥ etafthaf |
ⲉⲧⲁⲥⲑⲁϥ etasthaf |
ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲑⲁϥ etanthaf |
ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲁϥ etaretenthaf |
ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲑⲁϥ etauthaf |
ⲉⲧⲁ - ⲑⲁϥ eta - thaf | |
| aorist | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓⲑⲁϥ šaithaf |
ϣⲁⲕⲑⲁϥ šakthaf |
ϣⲁⲣⲉⲑⲁϥ šarethaf |
ϣⲁϥⲑⲁϥ šafthaf |
ϣⲁⲥⲑⲁϥ šasthaf |
ϣⲁⲛⲑⲁϥ šanthaf |
ϣⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲁϥ šaretenthaf |
ϣⲁⲩⲑⲁϥ šauthaf |
ϣⲁⲣⲉ - ⲑⲁϥ šare - thaf |
| negative | ⲙⲡⲁⲓⲑⲁϥ mpaithaf |
ⲙⲡⲁⲕⲑⲁϥ mpakthaf |
ⲙⲡⲁⲣⲉⲑⲁϥ mparethaf |
ⲙⲡⲁϥⲑⲁϥ mpafthaf |
ⲙⲡⲁⲥⲑⲁϥ mpasthaf |
ⲙⲡⲁⲛⲑⲁϥ mpanthaf |
ⲙⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲁϥ mparetenthaf |
ⲙⲡⲁⲩⲑⲁϥ mpauthaf |
ⲙⲡⲁⲣⲉ - ⲑⲁϥ mpare - thaf | |
| optative | affirmative | ⲉⲓⲉⲑⲁϥ eiethaf |
ⲉⲕⲉⲑⲁϥ ekethaf |
ⲉⲣⲉⲑⲁϥ erethaf |
ⲉϥⲉⲑⲁϥ efethaf |
ⲉⲥⲉⲑⲁϥ esethaf |
ⲉⲛⲉⲑⲁϥ enethaf |
ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲑⲁϥ eretenethaf |
ⲉⲩⲉⲑⲁϥ euethaf |
ⲉⲣⲉ - ⲑⲁϥ ere - thaf |
| negative | ⲛⲛⲁⲑⲁϥ nnathaf |
ⲛⲛⲉⲕⲑⲁϥ nnekthaf |
ⲛⲛⲉⲑⲁϥ nnethaf |
ⲛⲛⲉϥⲑⲁϥ nnefthaf |
ⲛⲛⲉⲥⲑⲁϥ nnesthaf |
ⲛⲛⲉⲛⲑⲁϥ nnenthaf |
ⲛⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲁϥ nnetenthaf |
ⲛⲛⲟⲩⲑⲁϥ nnouthaf |
ⲛⲛⲉ - ⲑⲁϥ nne - thaf | |
| jussive, causative | affirmative jussive | ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲑⲁϥ marithaf |
ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲕⲑⲁϥ marekthaf |
ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲑⲁϥ marethaf |
ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⲑⲁϥ marefthaf |
ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⲑⲁϥ maresthaf |
ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲛⲑⲁϥ marenthaf |
ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲁϥ maretenthaf |
ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩⲑⲁϥ marouthaf |
ⲙⲁⲣⲉ - ⲑⲁϥ mare - thaf |
| affirmative causative | ⲑⲣⲓⲑⲁϥ thrithaf |
ⲑⲣⲉⲕⲑⲁϥ threkthaf |
ⲑⲣⲉⲑⲁϥ threthaf |
ⲑⲣⲉϥⲑⲁϥ threfthaf |
ⲑⲣⲉⲥⲑⲁϥ thresthaf |
ⲑⲣⲉⲛⲑⲁϥ threnthaf |
ⲑⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲁϥ thretenthaf |
ⲑⲣⲟⲩⲑⲁϥ throuthaf |
ⲑⲣⲉ - ⲑⲁϥ thre - thaf | |
| negative jussive, negative causative |
ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲓⲑⲁϥ mpenthrithaf |
ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲕⲑⲁϥ mpenthrekthaf |
ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲑⲁϥ mpenthrethaf |
ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉϥⲑⲁϥ mpenthrefthaf |
ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲥⲑⲁϥ mpenthresthaf |
ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲛⲑⲁϥ mpenthrenthaf |
ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲁϥ mpenthretenthaf |
ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲟⲩⲑⲁϥ mpenthrouthaf |
ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉ - ⲑⲁϥ mpenthre - thaf | |
| Subordinate clause | ||||||||||
| ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛⲑⲟ | ⲛⲑⲟϥ | ⲛⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - | ||
| real conditional | affirmative | ⲁⲓϣⲁⲛⲑⲁϥ aišanthaf |
ⲁⲕϣⲁⲛⲑⲁϥ akšanthaf |
ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛⲑⲁϥ arešanthaf |
ⲁϥϣⲁⲛⲑⲁϥ afšanthaf |
ⲁⲥϣⲁⲛⲑⲁϥ asšanthaf |
ⲁⲛϣⲁⲛⲑⲁϥ anšanthaf |
ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲑⲁϥ aretenšanthaf |
ⲁⲩϣⲁⲛⲑⲁϥ aušanthaf |
ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛ - ⲑⲁϥ arešan - thaf |
| negative | ⲁⲓϣⲧⲉⲙⲑⲁϥ aištemthaf |
ⲁⲕϣⲧⲉⲙⲑⲁϥ akštemthaf |
ⲁⲣⲉϣⲧⲉⲙⲑⲁϥ areštemthaf |
ⲁϥϣⲧⲉⲙⲑⲁϥ afštemthaf |
ⲁⲥϣⲧⲉⲙⲑⲁϥ asštemthaf |
ⲁⲛϣⲧⲉⲙⲑⲁϥ anštemthaf |
ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲧⲉⲙⲑⲁϥ aretenštemthaf |
ⲁⲩϣⲧⲉⲙⲑⲁϥ auštemthaf |
ⲁⲣⲉϣⲧⲉⲙ - ⲑⲁϥ areštem - thaf | |
| conjunctive | affirmative | ⲛⲧⲁⲑⲁϥ ntathaf |
ⲛⲧⲉⲕⲑⲁϥ ntekthaf |
ⲛⲧⲉⲑⲁϥ ntethaf |
ⲛⲧⲉϥⲑⲁϥ ntefthaf |
ⲛⲧⲉⲥⲑⲁϥ ntesthaf |
ⲛⲧⲉⲛⲑⲁϥ ntenthaf |
ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲁϥ ntetenthaf |
ⲛⲥⲉⲑⲁϥ, ⲛⲧⲟⲩⲑⲁϥ nsethaf, ntouthaf |
ⲛⲧⲉ - ⲑⲁϥ nte - thaf |
| negative | ⲛⲧⲁϣⲧⲉⲙⲑⲁϥ ntaštemthaf |
ⲛⲧⲉⲕϣⲧⲉⲙⲑⲁϥ ntekštemthaf |
ⲛⲧⲉϣⲧⲉⲙⲑⲁϥ nteštemthaf |
ⲛⲧⲉϥϣⲧⲉⲙⲑⲁϥ ntefštemthaf |
ⲛⲧⲉⲥϣⲧⲉⲙⲑⲁϥ ntesštemthaf |
ⲛⲧⲉⲛϣⲧⲉⲙⲑⲁϥ ntenštemthaf |
ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲧⲉⲙⲑⲁϥ ntetenštemthaf |
ⲛⲧⲟⲩϣⲧⲉⲙⲑⲁϥ ntouštemthaf |
ⲛⲧⲉϣⲧⲉⲙ - ⲑⲁϥ nteštem - thaf | |
| limitive, expectative | limitative | ϣⲁϯⲑⲁϥ šatithaf |
ϣⲁⲧⲉⲕⲑⲁϥ šatekthaf |
ϣⲁⲧⲉⲑⲁϥ šatethaf |
ϣⲁⲧⲉϥⲑⲁϥ šatefthaf |
ϣⲁⲧⲉⲥⲑⲁϥ šatesthaf |
ϣⲁⲧⲉⲛⲑⲁϥ šatenthaf |
ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲁϥ šatetenthaf |
ϣⲁⲧⲟⲩⲑⲁϥ šatouthaf |
ϣⲁⲧⲉ - ⲑⲁϥ šate - thaf |
| expectative | ⲙⲡⲁϯⲑⲁϥ mpatithaf |
ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲑⲁϥ mpatekthaf |
ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲑⲁϥ mpatethaf |
ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲑⲁϥ mpatefthaf |
ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲑⲁϥ mpatesthaf |
ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲑⲁϥ mpatenthaf |
ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲁϥ mpatetenthaf |
ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲑⲁϥ mpatouthaf |
ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉ - ⲑⲁϥ mpate - thaf | |
References
- Černý, Jaroslav (1976) Coptic Etymological Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 202
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