びっくり
Japanese
Etymology
Derivation from the びく (biku) root found in other terms such as びくっと (bikutto, “startedly”), びくつく (bikutsuku, “to shiver, as from fright; to startle; to become nervous”). The underlying meaning of the root appears to be twitch or start (noun).[1]
This is one of many adverbs formed by the addition of the suffix り (ri) to the root, and then gemination of the middle consonant. The suffix may derive from the auxiliary verb り (ri), itself from classical verb あり (ari, “is, are”).
*biku → bikuri → bikkuri
The kanji spellings for this term are very rare. The kana spellings びっくり or ビックリ are much more common.
Related terms
→
- びくびく (bikubiku)
- びくっと (bikutto)
- びくつく (bikutsuku)
- びくしゃく (bikushaku)
- びくとも (bikutomo)
Verb
びっくりする (suru conjugation, katakana ビックリする, rōmaji bikkuri suru)
- to be surprised, to be startled, to be frightened, to be astonished
- びっくりした？
- Bikkuri shita?
- Were you surprised?
- あー、びっくりした。
- Ā, bikkuri shita.
- Oh man, that surprised me.
- びっくりした？
Conjugation
Conjugation of "びっくりする" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | びっくりし | bikkuri shi | ||
| Continuative (連用形) | びっくりし | bikkuri shi | ||
| Terminal (終止形) | びっくりする | bikkuri suru | ||
| Attributive (連体形) | びっくりする | bikkuri suru | ||
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | びっくりすれ | bikkuri sure | ||
| Imperative (命令形) | びっくりせよ¹ びっくりしろ² |
bikkuri seyo¹ bikkuri shiro² | ||
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | びっくりされる | bikkuri sareru | ||
| Causative | びっくりさせる びっくりさす |
bikkuri saseru bikkuri sasu | ||
| Potential | びっくりできる | bikkuri dekiru | ||
| Volitional | びっくりしよう | bikkuri shiyō | ||
| Negative | びっくりしない | bikkuri shinai | ||
| Negative continuative | びっくりせず | bikkuri sezu | ||
| Formal | びっくりします | bikkuri shimasu | ||
| Perfective | びっくりした | bikkuri shita | ||
| Conjunctive | びっくりして | bikkuri shite | ||
| Hypothetical conditional | びっくりすれば | bikkuri sureba | ||
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||
References
- 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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