元首

Chinese

		primary; first; fundamental primary; first; fundamental; dollar; (dynasty)	head; chief; first (occasion) head; chief; first (occasion); first (thing); measure word for poems
simp. and trad. (元首)		元	首

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yuánshǒu

(Zhuyin): ㄩㄢˊ ㄕㄡˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jyun⁴ sau²
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngièn-sú / ngiàn-sú
Min Nan (POJ): goân-siú

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: yuánshǒu
  - Zhuyin: ㄩㄢˊ ㄕㄡˇ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuanshoou
  - IPA ^(key): /y̯ɛn³⁵ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: jyun⁴ sau²
  - Yale: yùhn sáu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jyn⁴ sau²
  - Guangdong Romanization: yun⁴ seo²
  - IPA ^(key): /jyːn²¹ sɐu̯³⁵/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngièn-sú
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngienˇ su`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ngian² su³
  - IPA: /ɲi̯en¹¹ su³¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiàn-sú
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngianˇ su`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ngian² su³
  - IPA: /ɲi̯an¹¹ su³¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: goân-siú
  - Tâi-lô: guân-siú
  - Phofsit Daibuun: goansiuo
  - IPA (Xiamen): /guan²⁴⁻²² ɕiu⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /guan²⁴⁻²² ɕiu⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /guan¹³⁻²² ɕiu⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /guan²⁴⁻¹¹ ɕiu⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /guan²³⁻³³ ɕiu⁴¹/

Noun

元首

Synonyms

(head of state): 國家元首／国家元首 (guójiā yuánshǒu), 政府首腦／政府首脑 (zhèngfǔ shǒunǎo)
(monarch): 君主 (jūnzhǔ)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
元	首
げん Grade: 2	しゅ Grade: 2
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese compound 元首 (ngjwon syuw^X, literally “first, prime + head”).

Pronunciation

On’yomi
- (Tokyo) げんしゅ [géꜜǹshù] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
- IPA^(key): [ɡẽ̞ɰ̃ɕɨᵝ]

Noun

元首 (hiragana げんしゅ, rōmaji genshu)

head of state (the chief public representative of a nation), ruler, sovereign

Derived terms

Derived terms

元 (げん)首 (しゅ)政 (せい) (genshusei): the principate, a type of government in ancient Rome, established under Augustus Caesar

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
元	首
もと Grade: 2	くび Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Compound of 元 (moto, “origin, base”) +‎ 首 (kubi, “neck, head”).[2]

Pronunciation

Kun’yomi
- IPA^(key): [mo̞to̞kɯ̟ᵝbʲi]

Noun

元首 (hiragana もとくび, rōmaji motokubi)

(rare) the base of the neck
(rare) (by extension upwards) the head

Usage notes

The kun'yomi reading of motokubi is rare for this term.[1]

References

2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

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