努める
Japanese
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 努 |
| Grade: 4 |
Alternative forms
Verb
努める (transitive, ichidan conjugation, hiragana つとめる, rōmaji tsutomeru)
- endeavor, strive for, make an effort
Conjugation
Conjugation of "努める" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | 努め | つとめ | tsutome | |
| Continuative (連用形) | 努め | つとめ | tsutome | |
| Terminal (終止形) | 努める | つとめる | tsutomeru | |
| Attributive (連体形) | 努める | つとめる | tsutomeru | |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 努めれ | つとめれ | tsutomere | |
| Imperative (命令形) | 努めよ¹ 努めろ² |
つとめよ¹ つとめろ² |
tsutomeyo¹ tsutomero² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 努められる | つとめられる | tsutomerareru | |
| Causative | 努めさせる 努めさす |
つとめさせる つとめさす |
tsutomesaseru tsutomesasu | |
| Potential | 努められる 努めれる³ |
つとめられる つとめれる³ |
tsutomerareru tsutomereru³ | |
| Volitional | 努めよう | つとめよう | tsutomeyō | |
| Negative | 努めない 努めぬ 努めん |
つとめない つとめぬ つとめん |
tsutomenai tsutomenu tsutomen | |
| Negative continuative | 努めず | つとめず | tsutomezu | |
| Formal | 努めます | つとめます | tsutomemasu | |
| Perfective | 努めた | つとめた | tsutometa | |
| Conjunctive | 努めて | つとめて | tsutomete | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 努めれば | つとめれば | tsutomereba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential | ||||
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