勤める
Japanese
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 勤 |
| つと Grade: 6 |
| kun’yomi |
See also 勤め
Verb
勤める (ichidan conjugation, hiragana つとめる, rōmaji tsutomeru)
| Japanese verb pair | |
|---|---|
| active | 勤める |
| mediopassive | 勤まる |
- to be engaged, to work (for)
- 彼は広告会社に勤めている。
- Kare wa kōkoku gaisha ni tsutometeiru.
- He works for an advertisement firm.
- 彼は広告会社に勤めている。
Conjugation
Conjugation of "勤める" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | 勤め | つとめ | tsutome | |
| Continuative (連用形) | 勤め | つとめ | tsutome | |
| Terminal (終止形) | 勤める | つとめる | tsutomeru | |
| Attributive (連体形) | 勤める | つとめる | tsutomeru | |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 勤めれ | つとめれ | tsutomere | |
| Imperative (命令形) | 勤めよ¹ 勤めろ² |
つとめよ¹ つとめろ² |
tsutomeyo¹ tsutomero² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 勤められる | つとめられる | tsutomerareru | |
| Causative | 勤めさせる 勤めさす |
つとめさせる つとめさす |
tsutomesaseru tsutomesasu | |
| Potential | 勤められる 勤めれる³ |
つとめられる つとめれる³ |
tsutomerareru tsutomereru³ | |
| Volitional | 勤めよう | つとめよう | tsutomeyō | |
| Negative | 勤めない 勤めぬ 勤めん |
つとめない つとめぬ つとめん |
tsutomenai tsutomenu tsutomen | |
| Negative continuative | 勤めず | つとめず | tsutomezu | |
| Formal | 勤めます | つとめます | tsutomemasu | |
| Perfective | 勤めた | つとめた | tsutometa | |
| Conjunctive | 勤めて | つとめて | tsutomete | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 勤めれば | つとめれば | tsutomereba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential | ||||
Classical conjugation of "勤む" (マ行下二段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | 勤め | つとめ | tutome |
| Continuative (連用形) | 勤め | つとめ | tutome |
| Terminal (終止形) | 勤む | つとむ | tutomu |
| Attributive (連体形) | 勤むる | つとむる | tutomuru |
| Realis (已然形) | 勤むれ | つとむれ | tutomure |
| Imperative (命令形) | 勤めよ | つとめよ | tutomeyo |
| Key constructions | |||
| Negative | 勤めず | つとめず | tutomezu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 勤むれど | つとむれど | tutomuredo |
| Causal conjunction | 勤むれば | つとむれば | tutomureba |
| Conditional conjunction | 勤めば | つとめば | tutomeba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 勤めき | つとめき | tutomeki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 勤めけり | つとめけり | tutomekeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 勤めつ | つとめつ | tutometu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 勤めぬ | つとめぬ | tutomenu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 勤めたり | つとめたり | tutometari |
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