北極熊

See also: 北极熊

Chinese

		the North Pole	bear; to scold; to rebuke
trad. (北極熊)		北極	熊
simp. (北极熊)		北极	熊

Etymology

Compare Japanese 北極熊 (hokkyokuguma), Korean 북극곰 (Bukgeukgom), Vietnamese gấu Bắc Cực, all of which literally mean “arctic bear”.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): běijíxióng

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄟˇ ㄐㄧˊ ㄒㄩㄥˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): bak¹ gik⁶ hung⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): pet-khi̍t-yùng
Min Nan (POJ): pak-ke̍k-hîm / pak-kia̍k-hîm

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: běijíxióng
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄟˇ ㄐㄧˊ ㄒㄩㄥˊ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: beeijyishyong
  - IPA ^(key): /peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹¹ t͡ɕi³⁵ ɕi̯ʊŋ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: bak¹ gik⁶ hung⁴
  - Yale: bāk gihk hùhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: bak⁷ gik⁹ hung⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: beg¹ gig⁶ hung⁴
  - IPA ^(key): /pɐk̚⁵ kɪk̚² hʊŋ²¹/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pet-khi̍t-yùng
  - Hakka Romanization System: bed` kid iungˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: bed⁵ kid⁶ yung²
  - IPA: /pet̚² kʰit̚⁵ i̯uŋ¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pet-khi̍t-yùng
  - Hakka Romanization System: bed` kid (r)iungˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: bed⁵ kid⁶ yung²
  - IPA: /pet̚² kʰit̚⁵ (j)i̯uŋ¹¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pak-ke̍k-hîm
  - Tâi-lô: pak-ki̍k-hîm
  - Phofsit Daibuun: pakkeghiim
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /pak̚³²⁻⁴ kiɪk̚⁴⁻³² him²³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /pak̚³²⁻⁴ kiɪk̚⁴⁻³² him²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /pak̚³²⁻⁵ kiɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ him¹³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pak-kia̍k-hîm
  - Tâi-lô: pak-kia̍k-hîm
  - Phofsit Daibuun: pakkiaghiim
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /pak̚⁵⁻²⁴ kiak̚²⁴⁻²² him²⁴/

Noun

北極熊

polar bear

Synonyms

白熊 (báixióng)

Japanese

北極熊

Kanji in this term
北	極	熊
ほく > ほっ Grade: 2	きょく Grade: 4	くま > ぐま Grade: S

Alternative forms

北極グマ

Etymology

Compound of 北極 (Hokkyoku, “North Pole; Arctic”) +‎ 熊 (kuma, “bear”).[1][2][3] The kuma changes to guma as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Compare Chinese 北極熊, Korean 북극곰 (Bukgeukgom), Vietnamese gấu Bắc Cực, all of which literally mean “arctic bear”.

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ほっきょくぐま [hòkkyókúꜜgùmà] (Nakadaka – [4])[2]
IPA^(key): [ho̞k̚ʲkʲo̞kɯ̟ᵝɡɯ̟ᵝma̠]

Noun

北極熊 (hiragana ほっきょくぐま, hiragana and katakana ほっきょくグマ, katakana ホッキョクグマ, rōmaji Hokkyokuguma, historical hiragana ほくきよくぐま, historical katakana ホクキヨクグマ)

a polar bear

Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts, as ホッキョクグマ.

Synonyms

白 (しろ)熊 (くま) (shirokuma)

References

1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

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