固執

See also: 固执

Chinese

		hard; strong; solid hard; strong; solid; sure	execute (a plan); grasp
trad. (固執)		固	執
simp. (固执)		固	执

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gùzhi, gùzhí

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨˋ ˙ㄓ, ㄍㄨˋ ㄓˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gu³ zap¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ku-chṳp
Min Nan (POJ): kò͘-chip

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
  - Pinyin: gùzhi
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨˋ ˙ㄓ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guh.jy
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gùjhi̊h
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku⁵¹ ɖ͡ʐ̥ʐ̩¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
  - Pinyin: gùzhí
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨˋ ㄓˊ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guhjy
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gùjhíh
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: gu³ zap¹
  - Yale: gu jāp
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gu³ dzap⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: gu³ zeb¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuː³³ t͡sɐp̚⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ku-chṳp
  - Hakka Romanization System: gu ziib`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gu⁴ zib⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /ku⁵⁵ t͡sɨp̚²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kò͘-chip
  - Tâi-lô: kòo-tsip
  - Phofsit Daibuun: korcib
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kɔ²¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕip̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡ɕip̚⁵/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɔ²¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕip̚³²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kɔ¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕip̚³²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɔ²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡ɕip̚³²/

Adjective

固執

stubborn; obstinate

Synonyms

乖張／乖张 (guāizhāng)
頑固／顽固 (wángù)
執拗／执拗 (zhíniù)

Verb

固執

to stubbornly stick with; to persist in; to cling to

Derived terms

固執己見／固执己见 (gùzhí jǐjiàn)

擇善固執／择善固执 (zéshàngùzhí)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
固	執
こ Grade: 4	しゅう Grade: S

Kanji in this term
固	執
こ Grade: 4	しつ Grade: S

Noun

固執 (hiragana こしゅう, rōmaji koshū, alternative reading こしつ, rōmaji koshitsu)

persistence

Verb

固執する (intransitive, suru conjugation, hiragana こしゅうする, rōmaji koshū suru, alternative reading こしつする, rōmaji koshitsu suru)

persist in one's view; stick, cling to one's belief; insist on doing

Conjugation

Conjugation of "固執する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	固執し	こしつし	koshitsu shi
Continuative (連用形)	固執し	こしつし	koshitsu shi
Terminal (終止形)	固執する	こしつする	koshitsu suru
Attributive (連体形)	固執する	こしつする	koshitsu suru
Hypothetical (仮定形)	固執すれ	こしつすれ	koshitsu sure
Imperative (命令形)	固執せよ¹ 固執しろ²	こしつせよ¹ こしつしろ²	koshitsu seyo¹ koshitsu shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	固執される	こしつされる	koshitsu sareru
Causative	固執させる固執さす	こしつさせるこしつさす	koshitsu saseru koshitsu sasu
Potential	固執できる	こしつできる	koshitsu dekiru
Volitional	固執しよう	こしつしよう	koshitsu shiyō
Negative	固執しない	こしつしない	koshitsu shinai
Negative continuative	固執せず	こしつせず	koshitsu sezu
Formal	固執します	こしつします	koshitsu shimasu
Perfective	固執した	こしつした	koshitsu shita
Conjunctive	固執して	こしつして	koshitsu shite
Hypothetical conditional	固執すれば	こしつすれば	koshitsu sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Synonyms

偏執 (へんしゅう) (henshū)

Korean

Hanja in this term
固	執

Noun

固執 • (gojip) (hangeul 고집)

Hanja form^? of 고집 (“stubbornness”).

Vietnamese

Hán tự in this term
固	執

Adjective

固執

Hán tự form of cố chấp (“intransigent, unreasonable”).

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