欠缺

Chinese

		deficient; owe; to lack deficient; owe; to lack; yawn	lack; scarce; vacant post lack; scarce; vacant post; to run short of
simp. and trad. (欠缺)		欠	缺

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): qiànquē

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄢˋ ㄑㄩㄝ
Cantonese (Jyutping): him³ kyut³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khiam-khiet / khiam-khiat
Min Nan (POJ): khiàm-khe̍rh / khiàm-kheh / khiàm-khe̍h / khiàm-khoeh / khiàm-khoat

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: qiànquē
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄢˋ ㄑㄩㄝ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiannchiue
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵¹ t͡ɕʰɥ̯œ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: him³ kyut³
  - Yale: him kyut
  - Cantonese Pinyin: him³ kyt⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: him³ küd³
  - IPA ^(key): /hiːm³³ kʰyːt̚³/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiam-khiet
  - Hakka Romanization System: kiam kied`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: kiam⁴ kiad⁵
  - IPA: /kʰi̯am⁵⁵ kʰi̯et̚²/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiam-khiat
  - Hakka Romanization System: kiam kiad`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: kiam⁴ kiad⁵
  - IPA: /kʰi̯am⁵⁵ kʰi̯at̚²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiàm-khe̍rh
  - Tâi-lô: khiàm-khe̍rh
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰiam⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kʰəʔ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Taipei)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiàm-kheh
  - Tâi-lô: khiàm-kheh
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qiarmqeq
  - IPA (Taipei): /kʰiam¹¹⁻⁵³ kʰeʔ³²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiàm-khe̍h
  - Tâi-lô: khiàm-khe̍h
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qiarmqeh
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kʰiam²¹⁻⁵³ kʰeʔ⁴/
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiàm-khoeh
  - Tâi-lô: khiàm-khueh
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qiarmqoeq
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰiam²¹⁻⁴¹ kʰueʔ³²/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰiam²¹⁻⁵³ kʰueʔ³²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiàm-khoat
  - Tâi-lô: khiàm-khuat
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qiarmqoad
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰiam²¹⁻⁴¹ kʰuat̚³²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kʰiam¹¹⁻⁵³ kʰuat̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰiam⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kʰuat̚⁵/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰiam²¹⁻⁵³ kʰuat̚³²/

Noun

欠缺

shortcoming

Verb

欠缺

to be deficient in; to be short of

Synonyms

edit

不夠／不够 (bùgòu)
不敷 (bùfū) (literary)
不足 (bùzú)
乏達／乏达 (Min Nan)

匱乏／匮乏 (kuìfá)
短缺 (duǎnquē)
缺乏 (quēfá)
缺少 (quēshǎo)

Japanese

Etymology

Kanji in this term
欠	缺
けん Grade: 4	けつ Hyōgaiji
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 欠缺 (kʰɨɐm^H kʰwet̚).

Pronunciation

On’yomi: Kan’on
- (Tokyo) けんけつ [kèńkétsú] (Heiban – [0])[1]
- IPA^(key): [kẽ̞ŋke̞t͡sɨᵝ]

Noun

欠缺 (hiragana けんけつ, rōmaji kenketsu)

(law) lack
意 (い)思 (し)の欠缺 (けんけつ)
ishi no kenketsu
lack of intent

Usage notes

The term would be 欠欠 if written in shinjitai, and as such, the kyūjitai form is preserved to avoid ambiguities.

References

2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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[DJR-1] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN