短い
Japanese
Kanji in this term |
---|
短 |
みじか Grade: 3 |
kun’yomi |
Alternative forms
- 短かい (less common, possibly proscribed)
Etymology
From Old Japanese.[1] Appears in the Man'yōshū, dated to roughly 759 CE.
Appears to be derived as a compound, but the constituent parts remain obscure. The stem form mijika is also found in compounds, and in the now-obsolete adjective forms 短やか (mijikayaka) and 短らか (mijikaraka), indicating that the ‑ka in mijika is not the adjectivizing suffix か (‑ka) (as in 静か shizuka), and is instead part of the root term.
Inflection
Inflection of 短い
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Imperfective (未然形) | 短かろ | みじかかろ | mijikakaro |
Continuative (連用形) | 短く | みじかく | mijikaku |
Terminal (終止形) | 短い | みじかい | mijikai |
Attributive (連体形) | 短い | みじかい | mijikai |
Hypothetical (仮定形) | 短けれ | みじかけれ | mijikakere |
Imperative (命令形) | 短かれ | みじかかれ | mijikakare |
Key constructions | |||
Informal negative | 短くない | みじかくない | mijikaku nai |
Informal past | 短かった | みじかかった | mijikakatta |
Informal negative past | 短くなかった | みじかくなかった | mijikaku nakatta |
Formal | 短いです | みじかいです | mijikai desu |
Formal negative | 短くないです | みじかくないです | mijikaku nai desu |
Formal past | 短かったです | みじかかったです | mijikakatta desu |
Formal negative past | 短くなかったです | みじかくなかったです | mijikaku nakatta desu |
Conjunctive | 短くて | みじかくて | mijikakute |
Conditional | 短ければ | みじかければ | mijikakereba |
Provisional | 短かったら | みじかかったら | mijikakattara |
Volitional | 短かろう | みじかかろう | mijikakarō |
Adverbial | 短く | みじかく | mijikaku |
Degree | 短さ | みじかさ | mijikasa |
Derived terms
Derived terms
- 気が短い (ki ga mijikai): quick-tempered, impatient
- 気の短い (ki no mijikai): quick-tempered, impatient
- 手短 (te mijika): brief, concise
References
- 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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