紛紛

See also: 纷纷

Chinese

		numerous; disorderly	numerous; disorderly
trad. (紛紛)		紛	紛
simp. (纷纷)		纷	纷

Etymology

Ideophonic: A reduplication of 紛 (OC *pʰɯn, “silk ribbon; disordered, confused → numerous”). Attested in Guanzi and Mengzi, meaning "disorderly, confused". Possibly cognate with 煩 (OC *ban, “annoyed; numerous”), 繁 (OC *baːl, *baːn, *ban, “numerous”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): fēnfēn

(Zhuyin): ㄈㄣㄈㄣ
Cantonese (Jyutping): fan¹ fan¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fûn-fûn
Min Nan (POJ): hun-hun

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: fēnfēn
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄣㄈㄣ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fenfen
  - IPA ^(key): /fən⁵⁵ fən⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: fan¹ fan¹
  - Yale: fān fān
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fan¹ fan¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: fen¹ fen¹
  - IPA ^(key): /fɐn⁵⁵ fɐn⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fûn-fûn
  - Hakka Romanization System: fun´ fun´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: fun¹ fun¹
  - IPA: /fun²⁴⁻¹¹ fun²⁴/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hun-hun
  - Tâi-lô: hun-hun
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hunhwn
  - IPA (Xiamen): /hun⁴⁴⁻²² hun⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hun³³ hun³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hun⁴⁴⁻²² hun⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /hun⁴⁴⁻³³ hun⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hun⁴⁴⁻³³ hun⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: /pʰɨun pʰɨun/▼

Rime
Character	紛
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	滂 (2)
Final (韻)	文 (59)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	撫文切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pʰɨun/
Pan Wuyun	/pʰiun/
Shao Rongfen	/pʰiuən/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pʰun/
Li Rong	/pʰiuən/
Wang Li	/pʰĭuən/
Bernard Karlgren	/pʰi̯uən/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fēn

Old Chinese▼
(Zhengzhang): /*pʰɯn pʰɯn/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	紛
Reading #	1/1
No.	3155
Phonetic component	分
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	芬
Old Chinese	/*pʰɯn/
Notes	撫由府校改

Adjective

紛紛

(ideophonic) numerous and confused; in droves; in great numbers

Derived terms

亂紛紛／乱纷纷
土雨紛紛／土雨纷纷
湎湎紛紛／湎湎纷纷
碎紛紛／碎纷纷
紛紛不一／纷纷不一
紛紛嚷嚷／纷纷嚷嚷
紛紛揚揚／纷纷扬扬 (fēnfēnyángyáng)
紛紛擁擁／纷纷拥拥
紛紛擾擾／纷纷扰扰
紛紛攘攘／纷纷攘攘

紛紛洋洋／纷纷洋洋
紛紛穰穰／纷纷穰穰
紛紛籍籍／纷纷籍籍
紛紛翼翼／纷纷翼翼
紛紛議論／纷纷议论
紛紛鬧鬧／纷纷闹闹
膠膠紛紛／胶胶纷纷
議論紛紛／议论纷纷
郁郁紛紛／郁郁纷纷
鬧紛紛／闹纷纷

Adverb

紛紛

(ideophonic) one after another; in succession

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