素晴らしい
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 素 | 晴 |
| す Grade: 5 |
は > ば Grade: 2 |
| jūbakoyomi | |
Alternative forms
Etymology
Originally derived from verb 窄る (subaru, “to shrink, to get smaller”) + しい (-shii, adjectivizing suffix evoking the quality of the suffixed term), from the sense of “that which makes one shrink away”. Compare verbs 窄まる (subomaru), 窄める (subomeru).
The initial sense was strongly negative, and this usage continued until at least the mid-1800s in the Edo period, since when the meaning shifted to a strong positive instead.[1][2][3] Compare the development of English terrific, of strongly positive meanings, from terrify, of strongly negative meanings.
The kanji spelling is an example of ateji (当て字).
Adjective
素晴らしい (-i inflection, hiragana すばらしい, rōmaji subarashii)
Inflection
Inflection of 素晴らしい
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | 素晴らしかろ | すばらしかろ | subarashikaro |
| Continuative (連用形) | 素晴らしく | すばらしく | subarashiku |
| Terminal (終止形) | 素晴らしい | すばらしい | subarashii |
| Attributive (連体形) | 素晴らしい | すばらしい | subarashii |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 素晴らしけれ | すばらしけれ | subarashikere |
| Imperative (命令形) | 素晴らしかれ | すばらしかれ | subarashikare |
| Key constructions | |||
| Informal negative | 素晴らしくない | すばらしくない | subarashiku nai |
| Informal past | 素晴らしかった | すばらしかった | subarashikatta |
| Informal negative past | 素晴らしくなかった | すばらしくなかった | subarashiku nakatta |
| Formal | 素晴らしいです | すばらしいです | subarashii desu |
| Formal negative | 素晴らしくないです | すばらしくないです | subarashiku nai desu |
| Formal past | 素晴らしかったです | すばらしかったです | subarashikatta desu |
| Formal negative past | 素晴らしくなかったです | すばらしくなかったです | subarashiku nakatta desu |
| Conjunctive | 素晴らしくて | すばらしくて | subarashikute |
| Conditional | 素晴らしければ | すばらしければ | subarashikereba |
| Provisional | 素晴らしかったら | すばらしかったら | subarashikattara |
| Volitional | 素晴らしかろう | すばらしかろう | subarashikarō |
| Adverbial | 素晴らしく | すばらしく | subarashiku |
| Degree | 素晴らしさ | すばらしさ | subarashisa |
Synonyms
References
- 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
- 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, ISBN 4-09-501211-0
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