-ZHIIZH

See also: -zhiizh

Etymology

From Proto-Athabaskan *džičʼ (“to dance”).

Cognate root found in Ahtna ʼscʼaldziitsʼ (“we danced”).

Occurs in Navajo in a number of disparate meanings, of uncertain derivation.

Root

-ZHIIZH

  1. to poke, to jab, to stick

Theme Category Bases Reflexive / Reciprocal (+d)
O + ł successive

S pokes O

Motion:

  • yishíísh (Ø-MOM)
  • adzishíísh
  • haishíísh
  • naʼashiish (CONT)
  • yíʼooshish (PROG)

Successive:

  • adishish (iter.)
  • yóshíísh (yíní-, repetitive)
  • yííníishíísh (yíníi-, semelfactive)
  • néinishish (SER)
  • yiyiishish (SEM)

S pokes self / each other

 

  • ádílzhíísh
  • —
  • —
  • —
  • —

 

  • —
  • ahólzhíísh
  • —
  • náʼádinilzhish
  • ádiilzhish

  2. to rise, to increase, to reach a level

Theme Category Bases Transitive bases (O + ł)
l motion

S rises

  • dilzhíísh (Ø-MOM)
  • haalzhíísh
  • nálzhíísh
  • niilzhíísh (ni-MOM)
  • yilzhíísh (PROG)

  3. to dance

Theme Category Bases Transitive bases (O + ł)
ʼa + l operative-motion

S dances

  • — (Ø-MOM)
  • eʼelzhíísh
  • adilzhíísh
  • adiilzhíísh
  • hadíʼnílzhíísh (“too long”)
  • haʼalzhíísh
  • iʼniilzhíísh
  • ńdíʼnílzhíísh (“good start”)
  • yisdáʼálzhíísh
  • dzidilzhíísh (jidizhni-, “good at”)
  • ílzhíísh (ni-MOM)
  • chʼíʼílzhíísh
  • niʼílzhíísh
  • naʼalzhiish (CONT)
  • oolzhíísh (PROG)
  • alzhish (DUR)

  4. time passes

Theme Category Bases Transitive bases (O + ł)
ho + l motion

time passes

  • halzhíísh (Ø-MOM)
  • ahalzhíísh
  • hodilzhíísh
  • hahalzhíísh
  • táhodilzhíísh
  • hoolzhíísh (ni-MOM)
  • chʼíhoolzhíísh
  • nihoolzhíísh
  • nahashzhiizh (CONT, perf.)
  • hoolzhish (PROG)

Stem set
Aspect IMP PERF FUT ITER OPT
MOM -zhíísh -zhiizh -zhish -zhish -zhíísh
CONT -zhiish -zhiizh -zhish -zhish -zhiish
REP -zhish -zhiizh -zhish -zhish -zhish
SEM -zhish -zhish -zhish -zhish -zhish

See also Appendix: Roots and stems derivation.

Synonyms

to poke, to jab:

to increase:

to dance:

  • -DAAʼ

time passes:

 

Derived terms

Navajo terms belonging to the root -ZHIIZH (poke)

Navajo terms belonging to the root -ZHIIZH (rise)

Navajo terms belonging to the root -ZHIIZH (dance)

Navajo terms belonging to the root -ZHIIZH (time passes)

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