-ZO

Etymology

From Proto-Athabaskan *zʊɣ̇ (“to scrape”).

Cognate root found in Ahtna ighizogh (“he scraped it”), Carrier təszoh (“to rake it”).

In Southern Athabaskan, the root evolved to mean “to mark”, “to draw a line or a border”. In Navajo, it is also found in bases related to the four operations.

Root

-ZO

  1. to mark, to draw, to write

Theme Category Bases Transitive bases (O + ł)
O + Ø successive

S marks

  2. to add, to subtract, to multiply

Theme Category Bases Transitive bases (O + ł)
O + Ø ?

S adds...

  • yíizóóh (+)
↳ ahíizóóh
  • yiidizóóh (-)
  • néízóóh (×)
  • ałtsʼéízóóh (÷)

Stem set
Aspect IMP PERF FUT ITER OPT
MOM -zóóh -zo -zoh -zoh -zóóh
CONT -zo -zo -zoh -zoh -zo
SEM -zoh -zoh -zoh -zoh -zoh

See also Appendix: Roots and stems derivation.

Synonyms

to write:

to draw:

Derived terms

Navajo terms belonging to the root -ZO (mark)

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